(Z)-4-[(2-Amino­anilino)(phen­yl)methyl­idene]-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C23H20N4O, assumes a non-planar conformation in which the pyrazolone ring forms dihedral angles of 10.33 (11), 65.34 (11) and 63.52 (10)° with the three benzene rings. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating chains parallel to the b axis. The secondary amino group is involved in an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond

Conspecific Crop-Weed Introgression Influences Evolution of Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) across a Geographical Range

Introgression plays an important role in evolution of plant species via its influences on genetic diversity and differentiation. Outcrossing determines the level of introgression but little is known about the relationships of outcrossing rates, genetic diversity, and differentiation particularly in a weedy taxon that coexists with its conspecific crop.Eleven weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations from China were analyzed using microsatellite (SSR) fingerprints to study outcrossing rate and its relationship with genetic variability and differentiation. To estimate outcrossing, six highly polymorphic SSR loci were used to analyze >5500 progeny from 216 weedy rice families, applying a mixed mating model; to estimate genetic diversity and differentiation, 22 SSR loci were analyzed based on 301 weedy individuals. Additionally, four weed-crop shared SSR loci were used to estimate the influence of introgression from rice cultivars on weedy rice differentiation. Outcrossing rates varied significantly (0.4~11.7%) among weedy rice populations showing relatively high overall Nei's genetic diversity (0.635). The observed heterozygosity was significantly correlated with outcrossing rates among populations (r²  =  0.783; P<0.001) although no obvious correlation between outcrossing rates and genetic diversity parameters was observed. Allelic introgression from rice cultivars to their coexisting weedy rice was detected. Weedy rice populations demonstrated considerable genetic differentiation that was correlated with their spatial distribution (r²  =  0.734; P<0.001), and possibly also influenced by the introgression from rice cultivars.Outcrossing rates can significantly affect heterozygosity of populations, which may shape the evolutionary potential of weedy rice. Introgression from the conspecific crop rice can influence the genetic differentiation and possibly evolution of its coexisting weedy rice populations

Undrained shear strength of soft clay reinforce with single 16mm diameter encapsulated bottom ash column

Soft clay soil can be categorized as problematic soil. It consists of low shear strength, low permeability and high compressibility characteristics affect the stability and settlement of the structures constructed on this type of soil. A careful design analysis could be taken for any structure built on it. However, those characteristics could be improved through many methods and the easiest method that is being used in the construction field was stone column. On the other hand, coal is one of the world’s most important sources of energy. Disposal of bottom ash become environmental issues if it is not effectively reused or recycled for other application. This study is to present suitability in term of shear strength by using bottom ash to replace sand or granular material in column for ground improvement technique using laboratory scale model. Since sand is one of non-renewable material so by using by-product or waste material such bottom ash we can reduce the cost of construction as well as keep the non-renewable natural material in balance. Several experimental procedures are carried out to know the physical and mechanical properties of bottom ash and kaolin clay sample. Kaolin is being used as soil sample and bottom ash as the reinforced columns. The shear strength of the encapsulated bottom ash column measured by Unconfined Compression Test. A total 4 batches of kaolin sample had been tested and each batch consist of 5 specimens represent sample without bottom ash, partially penetration and fully penetration for singular bottom ash column. The specimen used were 50mm in diameter and 100mm in height. The diameter of bottom ash is 16mm and the height of the column are 60mm, 80mm and 100mm. The encapsulated bottom ash was installed at the centre of the specimen. The encapsulated bottom ash column with 10.24% area replacement ratio are 58.21%, 58.66% and 42.58% at sample penetration ratio, Hc/Hs of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 respectively. It can be concluded that the shear strength of soft clay could be improved by installation of encapsulated bottom ash column. However the value of shear strength of soft clay inserted with partially penetration column increased more significant compared to the fully penetration column

Chlorido(5-formyl-2-hydroxy­phenyl-κC 1)mercury(II)

In the planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.027 Å) title compound, [Hg(C7H5O2)Cl], the HgII atom shows a typical linear coordination by a C atom of the benzene ring and a Cl atom. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present in the crystal structure, resulting in chains propagating along the b axis. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin, with a twin ratio of 0.802 (2):0.198 (2)

Electronic structure, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of ThN from first-principles calculations

Lattice parameter, electronic structure, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of ThN are systematically studied using the projector-augmented-wave method and the generalized gradient approximation based on the density functional theory. The calculated electronic structure indicates the important contributions of Th 6\emph{d}and 5\emph{f} states to the Fermi-level electron occupation. Through Bader analysis it is found that the effective valencies in ThN can be represented as Th$^{+1.82}$ N$^{-1.82}$. Elastic constant calculations shows that ThN is mechanically stable and elastically anisotropic. Furthermore, the melting curve of ThN is presented up to 120 GPa. Based on the phonon dispersion data, our calculated specific heat capacities including both lattice and conduction-electron contributions agree well with experimental results in a wide range of temperature.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Alterations in microRNA expression profiles in inflamed and non-inflamed ascending colon mucosae of patients with active Crohn's disease

Background and aims The miRNA expression profiles of the terminal ileum, sigmoid colon, and rectal mucosa of adult patients with active Crohn';s disease (CD) have been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to identify dysregulated miRNAs in the mucosa of the ascending colon. Methods Biopsy tissue samples were taken from the mucosae of inflammatory (iCD) or non-inflammatory (niCD) areas of the ascending colons of adult patients with active CD. miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were detected using microarray analyses. miRNAs and mRNAs demonstrating significant differences were validated via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Luciferase reporter genes were used to measure two miRNAs inhibition of potential target genes in human 293T cells in vitro. Results Compared with the HC group, the ascending colon miRNA expression profiles revealed that 43 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 35 were down-regulated in the iCD group. The mRNA expression profiles indicated that 3,370 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in the ascending colon, with 2169 up-regulated and 1201 down-regulated mRNAs in the iCD group, and only 20 miRNAs demonstrated significant differential expression in the niCD group. In contrast, nearly 100 miRNAs significantly varied between the iCD and niCD groups. Finally, luciferase reporter gene assays showed that hsa-miR-16-1 directly regulated the human C10orf54 gene and that they were negatively correlated. Conclusions Our results indicated that the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were related to immune inflammation and intestinal flora. The data provide preliminary evidence that the occurrence of CD involves the inhibition of C10orf54 expression by hsa-miR-16-1