Influence of Spartina alterniflora invasion stages on macrobenthic communities on a tidal flat in Wenzhou Bay, China

Muitos habitats costeiros vêm sendo alterados substancialmente pela invasão de Spartina alterniflora no leste da China. Em 2007, em uma planície de maré situada em Wenzhou Bay, foram analisadas riqueza de espécies, densidade e diversidade da macrofauna bêntica em relação a diferentes estágios da invasão da gramínea e à estação do ano. Para as medidas de diversidade foram usados os índices de Margalef (R) e de Shannon (H'). Foram detectados efeitos significativos do estágio de invasão e época do ano sobre a macrofauna. As comunidades macrofaunais foram mais complexas nas manchas onde a invasão de S. alterniflora estava no seu início, quando considerados os locais onde as manchas estavam em estágios mais avançados. Através das análises de agrupamento e ordenação as comunidades puderam ser classificadas pelo tipo de habitat formado em cada estágio de invasão da Spartina. Os resultados indicaram que a biodiversidade aumentou no estágio de invasão inicial (idade de invasão de 1 a 2 anos), mas diminuiu gradativamente com os estágios intermediário (idade de invasão de 3 a 4 anos) e completo (idade de invasão de 5 a 6 anos), mostrando assim o efeito deletério de S. alterniflora sobre a estrutura da macrofauna presente no local.Many coastal habitats in eastern China are being substantially altered by the invasion of Spartina alterniflora. The species richness, density, Margalef's diversity index (R) and Shannon's diversity index (H') of macrobenthic communities on a tidal flat in Wenzhou Bay, China, were analyzed with the factors of invasion stage and season, in 2007. A significant effect of invasion stage, season, and the interaction between them on communities was detected. The macrobenthic community was more complex in the patch of initial S. alterniflora invasion than in the patches of some other invasion stages. Macrobenthic communities were classified by cluster and ordination in accordance with the habitat character of the S. alterniflora invasion stage. Our research demonstrated that the S. alterniflora invasion stage affected the macrobenthic communities significantly. The results indicated that biodiversity increased in the initial stage of invasion (invasion age 1-2 years) and then decreased in the stage of invasion underway (invasion age 3-4 years) and in the stage of invasion completed (invasion age 5-6 years); this phenomenon was related to the change in the S. alterniflora canopy which accompanied the invasion stages

Bis(3-meth­oxy-6-methyl-2-pyrid­yl) ether

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H16N2O3, the dihedral angle between the pyridyl rings is 87.74 (3)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite zigzag chains

Implementing universal nonadiabatic holonomic quantum gates with transmons

Geometric phases are well known to be noise-resilient in quantum evolutions/operations. Holonomic quantum gates provide us with a robust way towards universal quantum computation, as these quantum gates are actually induced by nonabelian geometric phases. Here we propose and elaborate how to efficiently implement universal nonadiabatic holonomic quantum gates on simpler superconducting circuits, with a single transmon serving as a qubit. In our proposal, an arbitrary single-qubit holonomic gate can be realized in a single-loop scenario, by varying the amplitudes and phase difference of two microwave fields resonantly coupled to a transmon, while nontrivial two-qubit holonomic gates may be generated with a transmission-line resonator being simultaneously coupled to the two target transmons in an effective resonant way. Moreover, our scenario may readily be scaled up to a two-dimensional lattice configuration, which is able to support large scalable quantum computation, paving the way for practically implementing universal nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation with superconducting circuits.Comment: v3 Appendix added, v4 published version, v5 published version with correction

Error-Resilient Floquet Geometric Quantum Computation

We proposed a new geometric quantum computation (GQC) scheme, called Floquet GQC (FGQC), where error-resilient geometric gates based on periodically driven two-level systems can be constructed via a new non-Abelian geometric phase proposed in a recent study [V. Novi\^{c}enko \textit{et al}, Phys. Rev. A 100, 012127 (2019) ]. Based on Rydberg atoms, we gave possible implementations of universal single-qubit gates and a nontrivial two-qubit gate for FGQC. By using numerical simulation, we evaluated the performance of the FGQC Z and X gates in the presence of both decoherence and a certain kind of systematic control error. The gate fidelities of the Z and X gates are $F_{X,\text{gate}}\approx F_{Z,\text{gate}}\approx 0.9992$. The numerical results provide evidence that FGQC gates can achieve fairly high gate fidelities even in the presence of noise and control imperfection. In addition, we found FGQC is robust against global control error, both analytical demonstration and numerical evidence were given. Consequently, this study makes an important step towards robust geometric quantum computation.Comment: 12 pages,7 figure

Link-based quantitative methods to identify differentially coexpressed genes and gene Pairs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Differential coexpression analysis (DCEA) is increasingly used for investigating the global transcriptional mechanisms underlying phenotypic changes. Current DCEA methods mostly adopt a gene connectivity-based strategy to estimate differential coexpression, which is characterized by comparing the numbers of gene neighbors in different coexpression networks. Although it simplifies the calculation, this strategy mixes up the identities of different coexpression neighbors of a gene, and fails to differentiate significant differential coexpression changes from those trivial ones. Especially, the correlation-reversal is easily missed although it probably indicates remarkable biological significance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed two link-based quantitative methods, DCp and DCe, to identify differentially coexpressed genes and gene pairs (links). Bearing the uniqueness of exploiting the quantitative coexpression change of each gene pair in the coexpression networks, both methods proved to be superior to currently popular methods in simulation studies. Re-mining of a publicly available type 2 diabetes (T2D) expression dataset from the perspective of differential coexpression analysis led to additional discoveries than those from differential expression analysis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work pointed out the critical weakness of current popular DCEA methods, and proposed two link-based DCEA algorithms that will make contribution to the development of DCEA and help extend it to a broader spectrum.</p

Identify Charged Higgs Boson in W±H∓W^\pm H^\mp Associated Production at LHC

We investigate the possibility to discover the charged Higgs via pp\to W^{\pm}H^{\mp}\to l+\met+b\bar{b}jj process at LHC, which suffers from large QCD backgrounds. We optimize the kinematic cuts to suppress the backgrounds, so that the reconstruction of the charged Higgs through hadronic decay is possible. The angular distribution of the b-jet from $H^{\pm}$ decay is investigated as a way to identify the charged scalar from vector bosons