Corrigendum: Electromagnetic turbulence suppression by energetic particle driven modes (2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 124001), Nuclear Fusion 60, 089501 (2020)

In recent years, a strong reduction of plasma turbulence in the presence of energetic particles has been reported in a number of magnetic confinement experiments and corresponding gyrokinetic simulations. While highly relevant to performance predictions for burning plasmas, an explanation for this primarily nonlinear effect has remained elusive so far. A thorough analysis finds that linearly marginally stable energetic particle driven modes are excited nonlinearly, depleting the energy content of the turbulence and acting as an additional catalyst for energy transfer to zonal modes (the dominant turbulence saturation channel). Respective signatures are found in a number of simulations for different JET and ASDEX Upgrade discharges with reduced transport levels attributed to energetic ion effects

Seismic damage estimation of in-plane regular steel/concrete composite moment resisting frames

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Simple empirical expressions to estimate maximum seismic damage on the basis of four well known damage indices for planar regular steel/concrete composite moment resisting frames having steel I beams and concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns are presented. These expressions are based on the results of an extensive parametric study concerning the inelastic response of a large number of frames to a large number of ordinary far-field type ground motions. Thousands of nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed by scaling the seismic records to different intensities in order to drive the structures to different levels of inelastic deformation. The statistical analysis of the created response databank indicates that the number of stories, beam strength ratio, material strength and ground motion characteristics strongly influence structural damage. Nonlinear regression analysis is employed in order to derive simple formulae, which reflect the influence of the aforementioned parameters and offer a direct estimation of the damage indices used in this study. More specifically, given the characteristics of the structure and the ground motion, one can calculate the maximum damage observed in column bases and beams. Finally, three examples serve to illustrate the use of the proposed expressions and demonstrate their accuracy and efficiency

Immediate vs. deferred switching from a boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) based regimen to a Dolutegravir (DTG) based regimen in virologically suppressed patients with high cardiovascular risk or Age ≥50 years: final 96 weeks results of NEAT 022 study

Background Both immediate and deferred switching from a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)–based regimen to a dolutegravir (DTG)–based regimen may improve lipid profile. Methods European Network for AIDS Treatment 022 Study (NEAT022) is a European, open-label, randomized trial. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults aged ≥50 years or with a Framingham score ≥10% were eligible if HIV RNA was <50 copies/mL. Patients were randomized to switch from PI/r to DTG immediately (DTG-I) or to deferred switch at week 48 (DTG-D). Week 96 endpoints were proportion of patients with HIV RNA <50 copies/mL, percentage change of lipid fractions, and adverse events (AEs). Results Four hundred fifteen patients were randomized: 205 to DTG-I and 210 DTG-D. The primary objective of noninferiority at week 48 was met. At week 96, treatment success rate was 92.2% in the DTG-I arm and 87% in the DTG-D arm (difference, 5.2% [95% confidence interval, –.6% to 11%]). There were 5 virological failures in the DTG-I arm and 5 (1 while on PI/r and 4 after switching to DTG) in the DTG-D arm without selection of resistance mutations. There was no significant difference in terms of grade 3 or 4 AEs or treatment-modifying AEs. Total cholesterol and other lipid fractions (except high-density lipoprotein) significantly (P < .001) improved both after immediate and deferred switching to DTG overall and regardless of baseline PI/r strata. Conclusions Both immediate and deferred switching from a PI/r to a DTG regimen in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients ≥50 years old or with a Framingham score ≥10% was highly efficacious and well tolerated, and improved the lipid profile

National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species: A contribution to pollinator conservation

Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non-native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups. After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies. Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation

Seismic damage estimation of in-plane regular steel moment resisting and x-braced frames

Simple empirical expressions to estimate maximum seismic damage on the basis of five well known damage indices for planar regular moment resisting and x-braced steel frames are presented. They are based on the results of extensive parametric studies concerning the inelastic response of a large number of these frames to a large number of ground motions. Thousands of nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed by scaling the seismic records to different intensities in order to drive the structures to different levels of inelastic deformation and finally to collapse. The statistical analysis of the created response databank indicates that the number of stories, period of vibration, stiffness ratio, capacity factor (for moment resisting frames), brace slenderness ratio and column stiffness (for x-braced frames) and characteristics of the ground motion, such as characteristic period and spectral acceleration, strongly influence damage. Nonlinear regression analysis is employed in order to derive simple formulae, which reflect the influence of the aforementioned parameters and offer a direct estimation of the damage indices used in this study. More specifically, given the characteristics of the structure and the ground motion, one can calculate the maximum damage observed in column bases and beams (for moment resisting frames) or in braces (for x-braced frames). Finally, two examples serve to illustrate the use of the proposed expressions and demonstrate their accuracy and efficiency. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht