Demonstrasi Kehadiran Protein Permukaan Sel Yang Antigenik Dan Spesifik Untuk Shigella Spp. Dan Pembangunan Ke Arah Ujian Diagnostik Segera Bagi Penyakit Shigelosis

Shigella spp. is the major etiologic agent of dysentery or bloody diarrhoea in humans. It has been identified as an important cause for morbidity and mortality among children especially in developing countries. Early diagnosis of shigellosis is the major strategy for limiting this highly contagious disease. Since routine culturing and bacterial determination from patients' faeces are laborious, timeconsuming, relatively expensive and of low sensitivity, the development of a more rapid and simplified diagnostic test for shigellosis is highly desirable. The test must be sensitive, specific, easy to perform, cost-effective and be able to detect the presence of Shigella spp. directly from patients' specimen especially faeces. As such, the objective of this study was to determine the presence of a specific and antigeniC protein for Shigella spp. and to use it for the development of a rapid diagnostic test for shigellosis

Molecular Characterization And Production Of A Specific Recombinant Protein Of Shigella Flexneri : Towards Development Of A Rapid Immunochromatography Diagnostic Test For Dysentery [QR82.E6 K58 2006 f rb].

Disenteri basilus atau juga dikenali sebagai shigelosis disebabkan terutamanya oleh bakteria Shigella. Shigelosis merupakan suatu penyakit yang serius di mana hampir 165 juta penduduk dijangkiti setiap tahun. Bacillary dysentery is caused mainly by infection with Shigella spp. which is also known as shigellosis. It remains a common and serious health problem throughout the world and has been estimated to infect about 165 million people worldwide annually

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS DUE TO ACADEMIC STRESS AMONG FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL OF PATIALA

Objective: Numerous studies have shown that mental distress is a common problem among medical students. The impact of medical student psychological distress on academic performance has not been systematically examined. This study provided an opportunity to explore problems faced by struggling undergraduate 1st-year medical students and the influence of demographics and academic distress on these rates of distress.to assess the level of mental distress and associated factors among medical students. Methods: The study was conducted on medical students at Government Medical College and Hospital, Patiala. Data were collected from 154 consenting 1st-year medical students using a three-part structured, self-administered questionnaire (Part I: Background Data, Part II: The 20- item Self Reporting Questionnaire [SRQ-20] English version, and Part III: Academic Stress Score [ASS-40]). Results: Analysis shows that 35.06% of the sample is experiencing high levels of psychological distress. Results further suggests that psychological distress is related to perceived health and academic stress. There were no significant differences in gender and other demographic variables. Conclusions: The study shows that the prevalence of mental distress among medical students at medical college is higher than that reported by students of other streams. Continued supportive interventions for medical students and proper counseling and mentorship programs are highly recommended

Fabrication and Study of Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Bio-Composites

In the present work experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of bamboo fibres at different weight percentages (20, 30 and 40) to modify epoxy resin. Tests are conducted on 100 kN servo-hydraulic universal testing machine under displacement mode of control, digital Rockwell hardness testing machine and impact testing machine. Modifying epoxy resin through bamboo fibres and improve mechanical properties is main focus of this study. Bamboo fibres at different wt% (20, 30 and 40) are filled in epoxy resin and the effects of mixing bamboo fibres on mechanical and physical properties are studied. On the basis of mechanical testing results it is found that 30 wt% of bamboo fibre mixed epoxy is giving optimum mechanical properties. The addition of bamboo fibres has improved tensile, flexural and impact properties of epoxy resin and increased water absorption of the material.  On the basis of overall study the epoxy modified with 30% of bamboo fibre is found to be better than other combinations. Keywords: Bamboo fiber, MMC, CMC, PMC, BFGC, SIPN BJRP, BFR

Omphalitis Leading to Urachitis and Acute Vascular Changes in a Buffalo Calf: An Insight into Macro and Microscopic Pathologic Changes

Omphalitis in domestic animals being considered as commonest ailment after birth, are in general, poorly reported for its uneventful recovery. Several previously reported cases endeavoured to highlight involvement of pathogenic organism in progression of the condition with little elaboration to pathologic changes occurred. Moreover, description of omphalitis in buffalo calf was never been attempted. Therefore this report intends to elaborate the pathology noted around umbilical zone in a buffalo calf possibly arisen to infectious etiology with special reference to complicated involvement of urachus, eventual haemoperitoneum and striking acute vascular changes of multi-systemic organs. Intriguingly, this report also attempted to review few recent cases of omphalitis seen in different animals along with their paramount etiologic causes

Machine Learning: A Potential Forecasting Toll

Technical analysis involves predicting asset price movements from analysis of historical prices. Many studies have been conducted to determine the profitability of technical analysis. A composite prediction is considered here by using the buy and sell signals from technical indicators as inputs. Both machine learning methods like neural networks and statistical methods like logistic regression are used to get composite forecasts. Signals from trend-following and mean-reversal technical indicators are used in addition to variance of prices as inputs. Variance is added to help technical indicators switch between trend-following and mean-reversal systems. Five commodities from agricultural, livestock and foreign exchange futures markets are selected to test the hypothesis of profitability of technical indicators. Special care is taken to avoid data snooping error. None of the individual indicators or machine learning models generate significant profit in single day forecasts. In twenty-day forecasts, only random forest and pipeline models are profitable. Neural networks and statistical models both failed to deliver here. The out of sample failure of the neural networks is partly due to the relatively large number of parameters. Managed futures, however also did poorly in the out of sample period so the results could also be due to picking a time period where technical analysis did poorly. Individual indicators did occasionally show significant profits. Random forests and decision tree find variance as the most important input. Future research should consider alternative time periods, commodities, systems, and machine learning algorithms. If a scale neutral variable for variance could be developed, it should be used so that the models could be trained on data from multiple commodities to provide more training data.Agricultural Economic

Molecular Characterization And Production Of A Specific Recombinant Protein Of Shigella Flexneri: Towards Development Of A Rapid Immunochromatography Diagnostic Test For Dysentery

Disenteri basilus atau juga dikenali sebagai shigelosis disebabkan terutamanya oleh bakteria Shigella. Bacillary dysentery is caused mainly by infection with Shigella spp. which is also known as shigellosis

Kertas kerja 3rd. congress of european microbiologists " microbes and maninterdepence and future challenges" 27 Jun - 03 Julai 2009 di Goteborg, Sweden

Background: The Work:t Health Organization are emphasizing that the development of vaccines for Shigella is a priority. Despite many studies have been carried out on this pathogenic bacterium, but to date no vaccines are commercially available for the pubic health purposes. Apyrase is an ATP"iphosphohydrolase enzyme coded by the virulence plasmid-encoded phoN2 (spy) gene which have been suggested to be involved in proper unipolar lcsA localization and for efficient intercellular spread in Shigella. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an apy mutant of Shigella flexneri by insertional inactivation using a kanamycin resistant gene cassette. Methods: The wild apy gene of Shigella ffexneri 2a (738 bp) was PCR amplified and the amplified gene was cloned into pTZ57R. A unique Hpa1 was identified in apy gene and a kanamycin resistant gene cassette (aphA) was inserted at the Hpa1 site of apy gene. The mutated construct (apy:aphA) was then subcloned into pWM91conjugative suicidal vector and the constructed plasmid was verifted by DNA sequencing. The mutated construct was then introduced into wild Shigella flexneri 2a by conjugation with E. coli. After undergoing homologous recombination, the wild apy gene was deleted from the construct. Results: The apy gene was successfully cloned and mutated using a kanamycin resistant gene cassette. The construct was successfully transfonned into Shigella flexneri 2a and the wild apy gene has been successfully deleted from the constructed strain. Discussion and conclusion: The mutation of apy gene is a novel approach towards the development of a potential live attenuated vaccine for Shigella; as apy gene is a potential virulence gene candidate. Further studies are in progress to evaluate the efficiency of this vaccine candidate

Broken needle in gluteal region following an intramuscular injection: a case report

Incidence of broken hypodermic needle in patients has been decreased because of superior manufacturing techniques. Breaking of hypodermic needle after intramuscular injection has been rarely reported. We report a case of broken needle in the gluteal region in a 36 years old woman following an intramuscular injection. Patient arrived in the emergency after 2 days of the episode. Patient was taken for surgery for removal of the needle. Initially attempts for removal of needle were made without use of image intensifier under local anaesthesia, but it failed as it was very difficult to locate the needle. Patient was taken up for surgery under spinal anaesthesia with the use of image intensifier. Broken needle was located and removed. The following case describes the management of broken hypodermic needle and suggests valuable guidelines for minimising the chances of undue complications arising due to needle migration

Bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties of Aloe vera- a review

Aloe vera is a popular herbal medicine and worldwide appreciated for its therapeutic potential. From ancient time, it has been used as a home remedy for different health issues. Many researchers have shown its therapeutic potential and there are many citations of characterization of bioactive compounds from it. A wide range of bioactive compounds have been characterized from Aloe vera. It has a wide range of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. Aloe vera can also provide support for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by maintaining the level of cholesterol and sugar in blood and it can also help to maintain body weight. Due to the presence of higher number of bioactive compounds and prolific therapeutic properties, it is widely used in medicine, cosmetics and food sector. In this review, the characterisation of bioactive compounds from Aloe vera along with the extraction of its gel and encapsulation is reviewed with a discussion on its medicinal properties