5 research outputs found
Mitochondria function associated genes contribute to Parkinson’s Disease risk and later age at onset
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of monogenic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Yet the role that mitochondrial processes play in the most common form of the disease; sporadic PD, is yet to be fully established. Here, we comprehensively assessed the role of mitochondrial function-associated genes in sporadic PD by leveraging improvements in the scale and analysis of PD GWAS data with recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of mitochondrial disease. We calculated a mitochondrial-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) and showed that cumulative small effect variants within both our primary and secondary gene lists are significantly associated with increased PD risk. We further reported that the PRS of the secondary mitochondrial gene list was significantly associated with later age at onset. Finally, to identify possible functional genomic associations we implemented Mendelian randomization, which showed that 14 of these mitochondrial function-associated genes showed functional consequence associated with PD risk. Further analysis suggested that the 14 identified genes are not only involved in mitophagy, but implicate new mitochondrial processes. Our data suggests that therapeutics targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis pathways distinct from mitophagy could be beneficial to treating the early stage of P
The endocytic membrane trafficking pathway plays a major role in the risk of Parkinson's disease
Background
PD is a complex polygenic disorder. In recent years, several genes from the endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway have been suggested to contribute to disease etiology. However, a systematic analysis of pathway‐specific genetic risk factors is yet to be performed.
Objectives
To comprehensively study the role of the endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway in the risk of PD.
Methods
Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to estimate PD heritability explained by 252 genes involved in the endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway including genome‐wide association studies data from 18,869 cases and 22,452 controls. We used pathway‐specific single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to construct a polygenic risk score reflecting the cumulative risk of common variants. To prioritize genes for follow‐up functional studies, summary‐data based Mendelian randomization analyses were applied to explore possible functional genomic associations with expression or methylation quantitative trait loci.
Results
The heritability estimate attributed to endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway was 3.58% (standard error = 1.17). Excluding previously nominated PD endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway genes, the missing heritability was 2.21% (standard error = 0.42). Random heritability simulations were estimated to be 1.44% (standard deviation = 0.54), indicating that the unbiased total heritability explained by the endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway was 2.14%. Polygenic risk score based on endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway showed a 1.25 times increase of PD risk per standard deviation of genetic risk. Finally, Mendelian randomization identified 11 endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway genes showing functional consequence associated to PD risk.
Conclusions
We provide compelling genetic evidence that the endocytic membrane‐trafficking pathway plays a relevant role in disease etiology. Further research on this pathway is warranted given that critical effort should be made to identify potential avenues within this biological process suitable for therapeutic interventions
Mitochondria function associated genes contribute to Parkinson’s Disease risk and later age at onset
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of monogenic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Yet the role that mitochondrial processes play in the most common form of the disease; sporadic PD, is yet to be fully established. Here, we comprehensively assessed the role of mitochondrial function-associated genes in sporadic PD by leveraging improvements in the scale and analysis of PD GWAS data with recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of mitochondrial disease. We calculated a mitochondrial-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) and showed that cumulative small effect variants within both our primary and secondary gene lists are significantly associated with increased PD risk. We further reported that the PRS of the secondary mitochondrial gene list was significantly associated with later age at onset. Finally, to identify possible functional genomic associations we implemented Mendelian randomization, which showed that 14 of these mitochondrial function-associated genes showed functional consequence associated with PD risk. Further analysis suggested that the 14 identified genes are not only involved in mitophagy, but implicate new mitochondrial processes. Our data suggests that therapeutics targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis pathways distinct from mitophagy could be beneficial to treating the early stage of PD.Additional information
International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)
Members
A. Noyce13, A. Tucci14, B. Middlehurst1, D. Kia15, M. Tan16, H. Houlden14, H. R. Morris16, H. Plun-Favreau14, P. Holmans17, J. Hardy14, D. Trabzuni14,18, J. Bras19, K. Mok14, K. Kinghorn20, N. Wood15, P. Lewis21, R. Guerreiro14,19, R. Lovering22, L. R’Bibo14, M. Rizig14, V. Escott-Price22,23, V. Chelban14, T. Foltynie6, N. Williams24, A. Brice25, F. Danjou25, S. Lesage25, M. Martinez26, A. Giri27,28, C. Schulte27,28, K. Brockmann27,28, J. Simón-Sánchez27,28, P. Heutink27,28, P. Rizzu28, M. Sharma29, T. Gasser27,28, A. Nicolas2, M. Cookson2, F. Faghri2,30, D. Hernandez2, J. Shulman31,32, L. Robak33, S. Lubbe34, S. Finkbeiner35,36,37, N. Mencacci38, C. Lungu39, S. Scholz40, X. Reed2, H. Leonard2, G. Rouleau7, L. Krohan41, J. van Hilten42, J. Marinus42, A. Adarmes-Gómez43, M. Aguilar44, I. Alvarez44, V. Alvarez45, F. Javier Barrero46, J. Bergareche Yarza47, I. Bernal-Bernal43, M. Blazquez45, M. Bonilla-Toribio Bernal43, M. Boungiorno44, Dolores Buiza-Rueda43, A. Cámara48, M. Carcel44, F. Carrillo43, M. Carrión-Claro43, D. Cerdan49, J. Clarimón50,51, Y. Compta48, M. Diez-Fairen44, O. Dols-Icardo50,51, J. Duarte49, R. l. Duran52, F. Escamilla-Sevilla53, M. Ezquerra48, M. Fernández48, R. Fernández-Santiago48, C. Garcia45, P. García-Ruiz54, P. Gómez-Garre43, M. Gomez Heredia55, I. Gonzalez-Aramburu56, A. Gorostidi Pagola57, J. Hoenicka58, J. Infante51,56, S. Jesús43, A. Jimenez-Escrig59, J. Kulisevsky51,60, M. Labrador-Espinosa43, J. Lopez-Sendon59, A. López de Munain Arregui59, D. Macias43, I. Martínez Torres61, J. Marín51,60, M. Jose Marti48, J. Martínez-Castrillo59, C. Méndez-del-Barrio43, M. Menéndez González43, A. Mínguez53, P. Mir43, E. Mondragon Rezola57, E. Muñoz48, J. Pagonabarraga51,60, P. Pastor44, F. Perez Errazquin55, T. Periñán-Tocino43, J. Ruiz-Martínez57, C. Ruz52, A. Sanchez Rodriguez56, M. Sierra56, E. Suarez-Sanmartin4, C. Tabernero59, J. Pablo Tartari44, C. Tejera-Parrado43, E. Tolosa48, F. Valldeoriola48, L. Vargas-González43, L. Vela62, F. Vives52, A. Zimprich63, L. Pihlstrom64, P. Taba65, K. Majamaa66,67, A. Siitonen66, N. Okubadejo68, O. Ojo68
1 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
2Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
3Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London, SE1 9RT, UK
4Clinical Genetics Unit, Guys and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
5Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
6Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, 10-12 Russell Square House, London, UK
7Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
8Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
9Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
10Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA
11The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
12Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
13Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, QMUL, London, UK
14Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
15UCL Genetics Institute; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
16Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
17Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff, UK
18Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
19UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
20Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
21University of Reading, Reading, UK
22University College London, London, UK
23MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff, UK
24Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
25Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR S 1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
26INSERM UMR 1220; and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
27Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
28DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
29Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
30Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
31Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
32Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
33Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
34Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
35Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
36Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
37Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA)
38 (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA)
39 (National Institutes of Health Division of Clinical Research, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA)
40Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
41Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
42Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
43Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/ Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
44Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
45Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
46Hospital Universitario Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
47Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
48Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
49Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
50Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
51Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
52Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
53Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
54Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
55Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
56Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
57Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
58Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
59Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Madrid, Madrid, Spain
60Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
61Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
62Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
63Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
64Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
65Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
66Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
67Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
68University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeri
Finding genetically-supported drug targets for Parkinson’s disease using Mendelian randomization of the druggable genome
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that currently has no disease-modifying treatment, partly owing to inefficiencies in drug target identification and validation. We use Mendelian randomization to investigate over 3,000 genes that encode druggable proteins and predict their efficacy as drug targets for Parkinson’s disease. We use expression and protein quantitative trait loci to mimic exposure to medications, and we examine the causal effect on Parkinson’s disease risk (in two large cohorts), age at onset and progression. We propose 23 drug-targeting mechanisms for Parkinson’s disease, including four possible drug repurposing opportunities and two drugs which may increase Parkinson’s disease risk. Of these, we put forward six drug targets with the strongest Mendelian randomization evidence. There is remarkably little overlap between our drug targets to reduce Parkinson’s disease risk versus progression, suggesting different molecular mechanisms. Drugs with genetic support are considerably more likely to succeed in clinical trials, and we provide compelling genetic evidence and an analysis pipeline to prioritise Parkinson’s disease drug development
Mitochondria function associated genes contribute to Parkinson's Disease risk and later age at onset
Altres ajuts: This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; project ZO1 AG000949.Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet the role that mitochondrial processes play in the most common form of the disease; sporadic PD, is yet to be fully established. Here, we comprehensively assessed the role of mitochondrial function-associated genes in sporadic PD by leveraging improvements in the scale and analysis of PD GWAS data with recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of mitochondrial disease. We calculated a mitochondrial-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) and showed that cumulative small effect variants within both our primary and secondary gene lists are significantly associated with increased PD risk. We further reported that the PRS of the secondary mitochondrial gene list was significantly associated with later age at onset. Finally, to identify possible functional genomic associations we implemented Mendelian randomization, which showed that 14 of these mitochondrial function-associated genes showed functional consequence associated with PD risk. Further analysis suggested that the 14 identified genes are not only involved in mitophagy, but implicate new mitochondrial processes. Our data suggests that therapeutics targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis pathways distinct from mitophagy could be beneficial to treating the early stage of PD