971 research outputs found

    Comment dĂ©velopper la crĂ©ativitĂ© des Ă©tudes utilisant la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e ? Choix Ă©pistĂ©mologiques et stratĂ©gies pratiques dans la quĂȘte de crĂ©ativitĂ©.

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    La thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© initialement dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour proposer une alternative aux mĂ©thodes hypothĂ©tico-dĂ©ductives, qui formaient le courant majeur de la sociologie des annĂ©es 1960, en visant Ă  crĂ©er de nouvelles connaissances en se fondant sur les pratiques sociales. Face Ă  l’ambition de vouloir crĂ©er de nouvelles connaissances au travers de l’utilisation de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e, de nombreux chercheurs mentionnent les difficultĂ©s inhĂ©rentes Ă  cette mĂ©thode dans le dĂ©veloppement de thĂ©ories innovantes (Fendt & Sachs, 2008; Guillemette, 2006; Shalley, Gilson, & Blum, 2000). Cependant, la crĂ©ativitĂ© reste une notion sous Ă©valuĂ©e dans la littĂ©rature associĂ©e Ă  la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e. Les commentaires Ă  propos de la crĂ©ativitĂ© sont soit diffus(Charmaz, 2000 ; Glaser & Strauss, 1967 ; Strauss & Corbin, 1990) , soit limitĂ©s (Dey, 1999 ; Douglas, 2003 ; Fendt & Sachs, 2008 ; Goulding, 2001 ; Locke, 2001 ; Wells, 1995). Ce papier cherche Ă  clarifier dans quelles mesures la crĂ©ativitĂ© joue un rĂŽle dans le dĂ©veloppement d’une thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e, ainsi que comment atteindre un certain niveau de crĂ©ativitĂ©. Nous discutons d’abord les implications des choix Ă©pistĂ©mologiques dans les diffĂ©rentes versions de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e sur les potentialitĂ©s de crĂ©ativitĂ© dans le processus de recherche. Nous montrons que la place de la crĂ©ativitĂ© diffĂšre selon les approches utilisĂ©es : orthodoxe (Glaser and Strauss, 1967), pragmatique (Corbin & Strauss, 1990, 2008 ; Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998)ou constructiviste (Charmaz, 2000, 2006). Nous proposons trois stratĂ©gies de recherche permettant d’aider le chercheur dans sa quĂȘte de crĂ©ativitĂ©. Nous nous appuyons sur prĂšs de dix annĂ©es de pratique et d’enseignement de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e pour montrer comment les pratiques mentionnĂ©es peuvent aboutir Ă  une meilleure crĂ©ativitĂ© du chercheur. Nous ne proposons pas une liste exhaustive des techniques et stratĂ©gies mais mettons l’accent sur trois d’entre elles : le travail en groupe, les connaissances en art et la crĂ©ativitĂ© in vivo.Grounded Theory (GT) methodology was originally proposed as an alternative to hypothetic deductive methods, aiming at creating new knowledge on the basis of the emergence of latent social patterns. While this ambition of creating fresh knowledge seems appropriate, there are difficulties inherent to the development of innovative and creative grounded theories (Fendt & Sachs, 2008 ; Guillemette, 2006 ; Shalley et al., 2000). However, creativity is an under evoked issue in the literature on GT. Mentions of creativity in GT literature is either diffuse (Charmaz, 2000 ; Glaser & Strauss, 1967 ; Strauss & Corbin, 1990) or scant (Dey, 1999 ; Douglas, 2003 ; Fendt & Sachs, 2008 ; Goulding, 2001 ; Locke, 2001 ; Wells, 1995). Our communication contributes to clarify to what extent creativity has a place in GT as well as how to enhance it. We first discuss the implications of epistemological choices underlying different versions of GT on the role of creativity in the research process. From early works of the pioneers (Glaser and Strauss, 1967), new GT versions have been developed, either focusing on the tactics to develop grounded theories in a practical way (Corbin & Strauss, 1990, 2008 ; Strauss & Corbin, 1990, 1998) or on its epistemological background (Charmaz, 2000, 2006). We show that the quest for creativity differs among these existing GT approaches. We also present three creativity-enhancing strategies to help researchers in their quest for creativity. We derive from our almost 10-year experience of developing GT as researchers and instructors to show how these strategies lead to creativity. We do not ambition to give an exhaustive set of techniques and strategies, but we focus on three of them, namely the collective work, the use of art knowledge, and in vivo creativity.mĂ©thode de recherche; Ă©pistĂ©mologie; thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e; crĂ©ativitĂ©; sensibilitĂ© thĂ©orique; Management Research; Epistemology; Theoretical Sensitivity; Creativity; Grounded Theory;

    The functional activities manipulation and adaptation (FAMA) approach in cerebral palsy: a treatment proposal with emphasis on motor learning

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    There are different approaches used by physiotherapists in the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP), but the majorities are based on theoretical and conceptual knowledge gained from the development of motor control. This work aims to present an approach for the treatment of cerebral palsy based on the knowledge of motor learning. When determining the advancements in studies on motor learning and that such knowledge can somehow assist the physiotherapist in the organization of their clinical intervention, the idea arose of developing a treatment approach that is based on the use of this knowledge of motor learning in the treatment of CP. The Functional Activities Manipulation and Adaptation (FAMA) approach is a physiotherapeutic proposal in the treatment of CP that uses the nominal language of the ICF and, to arrange treatment, uses clinical experience with the best evidence available and the needs of the patient. Its main objective is to provide functionality for mobility, through the knowledge of motor learning, focusing on the classification of functional skills, structures and factors that influence practice. Motor learning is the greatest difference of the FAMA approach, where the knowledge acquired through motor learning seeks to organize the physiotherapy treatment for CP.There are different approaches used by physiotherapists in the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP), but the majorities are based on theoretical and conceptual knowledge gained from the development of motor control. This work aims to present an approach for the treatment of cerebral palsy based on the knowledge of motor learning. When determining the advancements in studies on motor learning and that such knowledge can somehow assist the physiotherapist in the organization of their clinical intervention, the idea arose of developing a treatment approach that is based on the use of this knowledge of motor learning in the treatment of CP. The Functional Activities Manipulation and Adaptation (FAMA) approach is a physiotherapeutic proposal in the treatment of CP that uses the nominal language of the ICF and, to arrange treatment, uses clinical experience with the best evidence available and the needs of the patient. Its main objective is to provide functionality for mobility, through the knowledge of motor learning, focusing on the classification of functional skills, structures and factors that influence practice. Motor learning is the greatest difference of the FAMA approach, where the knowledge acquired through motor learning seeks to organize the physiotherapy treatment for CP

    Possibilités et piÚges liés à l'utilisation des logiciels dans le processus d'analyse au travers de la théorie enracinée.

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    La mĂ©thodologie proposĂ©e par la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e permet dans une optique idĂ©ale de proposer des rĂ©sultats gĂ©nĂ©ralisables et objectifs. NĂ©anmoins, de nombreuses critiques sont adressĂ©es aux recherches basĂ©es sur cette mĂ©thode. Les principaux reproches sont le manque de rigueur dans l’analyse des donnĂ©es et la mauvaise restitution du travail du chercheur dans sa recherche. L’utilisation de logiciels d’aide Ă  l’analyse des donnĂ©es qualitatives permet de dĂ©velopper les possibilitĂ©s d’analyse des donnĂ©es au sein de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e. Ces logiciels utilisent la puissance de l’outil informatique pour Ă©pauler le chercheur dans de nombreuses tĂąches nĂ©cessaires Ă  l’élaboration d’une thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e de bonne qualitĂ©. En nous basant sur la littĂ©rature et une expĂ©rience de l’utilisation de ces outils de plus de sept ans, nous montrons de quelle façon ces logiciels permettent d’amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© de la recherche basĂ©e sur la mĂ©thodologie enracinĂ©e. Nous mettons toutefois en garde les utilisateurs potentiels de tels logiciels en prĂ©sentant cinq piĂšges auxquels peuvent ĂȘtre confrontĂ©s les chercheurs dĂ©butants comme les chercheurs confirmĂ©s. Nous espĂ©rons ainsi contribuer Ă  la propagation de la bonne utilisation des logiciels d’aide Ă  l’analyse des donnĂ©es, en rendant explicites les possibilitĂ©s et inconvĂ©nients liĂ©s des ces logiciels.Logiciel; CAQDAS; Analyse des donnĂ©es; ThĂ©orie enracinĂ©e; processus d'analyse;

    La théorie enracinée en pratique : vers un dépassement de la tension entre scientificité et créativité dans les recherches basées sur la théorie enracinée ?.

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    De nombreuses recherches ont mis en Ă©vidence les difficultĂ©s de la conduite d’une recherche utilisant la mĂ©thodologie de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e. D’une mĂ©thode prometteuse sur le plan de l’innovation et de la rigueur scientifique, elle peut apparaĂźtre comme un cauchemar pour le chercheur qui la pratique (Goulding, 2001). Nous montrons qu’au-delĂ  des aspects techniques de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e, qui peuvent se montrer trĂšs contraignants, une des difficultĂ©s majeures de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e tient en la tension constante entre crĂ©ativitĂ© et scientificitĂ©. Nous proposons de dĂ©passer cette tension en mobilisant le cadre proposĂ© par Alvesson, Hardy, & Harley (2008) dans leur Ă©tude de la rĂ©flexivitĂ©. Ce recadrage permet de montrer que crĂ©ativitĂ© et scientificitĂ© peuvent se complĂ©ter, voire se renforcer dans le cadre de la thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e.scientificitĂ©; crĂ©ativitĂ©; rĂ©flexivitĂ©; thĂ©orie enracinĂ©e;

    L’utilisation d’Atlas.ti pour amĂ©liorer les recherches dans le cadre de la MĂ©thode de la ThĂ©orisation EnracinĂ©e (MTE) : panacĂ©e ou mirage ?.

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    L’utilisation de logiciels d’aide Ă  l’analyse des donnĂ©es qualitatives tel Atlas.ti s’es popularisĂ©e au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es pour amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© des recherches utilisant la MĂ©thode de la ThĂ©orisation EnracinĂ©e (MTE). En nous basant sur la littĂ©rature et une expĂ©rience de l’utilisation de plus de neuf ans de ces outils, nous montrons de quelle façon ces logiciels permettent d’amĂ©liorer les recherches basĂ©es sur la MTE. Nous mettons toutefois en garde les utilisateurs potentiels de tels logiciels en prĂ©sentant cinq piĂšges auxquels peuvent ĂȘtre confrontĂ©s les chercheurs, qu’ils soien dĂ©butants ou confirmĂ©s. Nous espĂ©rons ainsi contribuer Ă  la propagation de la bonne utilisation des logiciels d’aide Ă  l’analyse des donnĂ©es dans le cadre de la MTE, en rendant explicites les possibilitĂ©s et risques inhĂ©rents au logiciel Atlas.ti.mĂ©thodologie; logiciel CAQDAS; thĂ©orisation enracinĂ©e; analyse des donnĂ©es;

    L'utilisation d'Atlas.ti pour améliorer les recherches dans le cadre de la Méthode de la Théorisation Enracinée (MTE) : panacée ou mirage?

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    L'utilisation de logiciels d'aide Ă  l'analyse des donnĂ©es qualitatives tel Atlas.ti s'est popularisĂ©e au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es pour amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© des recherches utilisant la MĂ©thode de la ThĂ©orisation EnracinĂ©e (MTE). En nous basant sur la littĂ©rature et une expĂ©rience de l'utilisation de plus de neuf ans de ces outils, nous montrons de quelle façon ces logiciels permettent d'amĂ©liorer les recherches basĂ©es sur la MTE. Nous mettons toutefois en garde les utilisateurs potentiels de tels logiciels en prĂ©sentant cinq piĂšges auxquels peuvent ĂȘtre confrontĂ©s les chercheurs, qu'ils soient dĂ©butants ou confirmĂ©s. Nous espĂ©rons ainsi contribuer Ă  la propagation de la bonne utilisation des logiciels d'aide Ă  l'analyse des donnĂ©es dans le cadre de la MTE, en rendant explicites les possibilitĂ©s et risques inhĂ©rents au logiciel Atlas.ti.THÉORISATION ENRACINÉE ; ANALYSE DES DONNÉES ; LOGICIEL CAQDAS ; ATLAS

    Drivers of Discretionary Firm Donations in Brazil

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    Discretionary firm donation is usually related to the stakeholder theory and corporate social performance. Although theoretical explanations for this social behavior are pervasive in related literature, empirical modeling remains underdeveloped. We developed an explanatory structural model of discretionary firm donation using firm and industry level indicators. Unlike previous research, we estimated the explanatory power of the construct we called stakeholder orientation. Our tentative model was tested on a Brazilian sample of 101 publicly traded donor firms, using data on firm donations to social projects and to political candidates in electoral campaigns. The main results suggest that discretionary donation seems to be a strategy for managing conflicting claims in highly stakeholder oriented firms; the characteristics of the firm are more important than industry effects in explaining firm donations; and large firms, showing slack resources, and with a less concentrated ownership structure tend to engage in discretionary donation more intensively

    Implementation of lean manufacturing in multinational companies with production subsidiaries in Brazil : a roadmap

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    Multinational companies with production subsidiaries in Brazil are generally recognized as being highly productive companies. However, in large, their productivity potential is not fully achieved. Lean Manufacturing (LM) has proved to be a valuable aid to achieve competitiveness in the long run. In the light of the increasing importance of the successfully implementation of LM by multinationals in Brazil and an apparent lack of discussion regarding LM in Brazil, this paper aims to propose a comprehensive implementation roadmap, to enable multinationals to achieve an advanced sustainable LM system in a practical manner, based on a systematic approach. Findings from the literature and case studies are combined to develop the roadmap, to permit both companies that have, and have just started to implement LM to be able to use the roadmap. The roadmap was built on a broad empirical basis and it is impossible to consider all factors influencing LMI in multinationals operating in Brazil in a real world setting. Accordingly, it should not be regarded as a ready-made implementation plan, which has to be strictly followed, but rather a guideline to help multinationals develop their own, detailed and tailor-made plan to successfully implement LM and to establish a learning organization.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Uma teoria substantiva da adaptação estratĂ©gica a ambientes turbulentos e com forte influĂȘncia governamental: o caso das pequenas construtoras de edificaçÔes

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    Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnolĂłgico. Programa de PĂłs-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.O estudo da adaptação estratĂ©gica de empresas por meio da anĂĄlise de suas mudanças estratĂ©gicas Ă© particularmente relevante quando se consideram empresas de pequeno porte adaptando-se a ambientes turbulentos e com forte influĂȘncia governamental, como Ă© o caso das pequenas construtoras de edificaçÔes no Brasil. O processo adaptativo dessas empresas nĂŁo consegue ser suficientemente explicado pelas perspectivas teĂłricas existentes na literatura, devido Ă  falta de precisĂŁo e Ă  desconsideração de fatores relevantes percebidos pelos envolvidos. Nesse trabalho, buscou-se compreender como as pequenas construtoras de edificaçÔes se adaptam a um ambiente turbulento e com forte influĂȘncia governamental, a partir do significado que seus dirigentes atribuem Ă s suas experiĂȘncias. Construiu-se uma teoria substantiva do processo adaptativo, utilizando os procedimentos metodolĂłgicos da Grounded Theory, em um estudo de caso simples, longitudinal, de carĂĄter qualitativo e de cunho descritivo. Resgatou-se a histĂłria da empresa nos Ășltimos 20 anos, conforme percebida pelos seus dirigentes. Os dados revelaram que, ao adaptarem estrategicamente a empresa, seus dirigentes administravam o risco imposto Ă  empresa pelo ambiente. A administração do risco era influenciada por fatores externos, como a postura de credores e clientes perante o risco de participarem nas transaçÔes imobiliĂĄrias, e fatores internos, como o contexto estrutural da empresa. Administrar o risco, para os dirigentes, envolvia a utilização de mecanismos estratĂ©gicos que o transferiam para o ambiente ou tornavam a empresa capaz manejĂĄ-lo. O contraste dos resultados encontrado com a literatura sobre adaptação estratĂ©gica sugere, principalmente, que: a forma como o risco Ă© distribuĂ­do entre os envolvidos deve ser considerado como indicador da atratividade ambiental; os "ativos sociais" sĂŁo fontes de vantagem competitiva, cuja importĂąncia Ă© inversamente proporcional Ă  importĂąncia da marca da empresa e da orientação para o mercado; o baixo nĂ­vel de agĂȘncia da empresa Ă© influenciado pela sua incapacidade de usar os "ativos sociais" de forma nĂŁo-rival; e a associação do baixo poder de influenciar o ambiente com o alto determinismo ambiental reduziu a importĂąncia da intencionalidade gerencial no sucesso da empresa, indicando que mecanismos de seleção ambiental operam em detrimento da adaptação. Espera-se que os resultados encontrados contribuam para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a gestĂŁo das pequenas empresas brasileiras, principalmente as pequenas construtoras, e para gerar reflexĂ”es acerca do ensino da Administração EstratĂ©gica no contexto brasileiro

    O estudo da mudança estratégica organizacional em pequenas empresas de construção de edificaçÔes : um caso de Florianópolis

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    Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnologicoO estudo da mudança estratĂ©gica organizacional tem assumido grande relevĂąncia especialmente para as empresas de construção de edificaçÔes no Brasil, as quais operam em um ambiente turbulento com forte influĂȘncia governamental. Com o intuito de colaborar para a explicação do processo de formulação de estratĂ©gias e adaptação estratĂ©gica dessa empresas, a presente pesquisa realizou um estudo de caso em uma empresa tĂ­pica do setor uma pequena empresa de construção de edificaçÔes. O estudo de caso desenvolveu-se sob uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, contextualista e processual, cujo objetivo foi estudar as mudanças estratĂ©gicas ocorridas na empresa desde 1980, de acordo com o ponto de vista dos gerentes. As mudanças estratĂ©gicas foram estudadas, de acordo com Pettigrew (1987), em trĂȘs dimensĂ”es: o conteĂșdo, o processo e o contexto no qual ocorreram as mudanças: Constatou-se, tambĂ©m, que o processo de adaptação estratĂ©gica Ă© o resultado da interação com o ambiente de trĂȘs elementos: idĂ©ias empreendedoras do lĂ­der, decisĂ”es em nĂ­vel funcional decisĂ”es nĂŁo-funcionais. Essa interação Ă© moldada pelo grau de influĂȘncia das dimensĂ”e caracterĂ­sticas desse tipo de empresa: forte influĂȘncia do lĂ­der, pouca ĂȘnfase no planejamento, presença de estratĂ©gias emergentes, caracterĂ­stica incremental do processo de tomada de decisĂ”es e forte influĂȘncia dos stakeholders
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