Biodiversidade de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera, Tephritidae) em Moçambique

Les enquêtes sur les espèces de mouches des fruits, en particulier la famille Tephritidae, plantes hôtes et les parasitoïdes sont la clé d'une meilleure compréhension de la bio-écologie de ces groupes d'insectes, compte tenu de son importance économique pour le monde des fruits. Il ya une tendance pour ces études afin de devenir encore plus important parce que vous devez connaître les espèces couramment donné a lieu dans un pays donné et qui accueille. Le projet visait à connaître l'écologie générale de mouches des fruits dans le but de comprendre la dynamique de la population au Mozambique pour le développement de stratégies de gestion intégrée et de réduire les pertes économiques dans la production de fruits. Ils ont recensé 59 espèces de mouches des fruits appartenant à 27 genres dans quatre sous-familles incluses pour le Mozambique. Subfamily Dacinae est celui qui compte le plus grand nombre d'espèces (61,0%). Le genre avec la plupart des espèces dans le pays est Dacus correspondant à 32,2% (19 espèces) du total, suivie par Ceratitis (9 espèces) avec 15,2%, d'autres genres comptent moins d'espèces. Six espèces represéntent de nouveaux records pour le Mozambique: Ceratitis punctata, Ceratitis quinaria, Dacus chiwira, Dacus), Dacus pallidilatus e Dacus vertebratus.Surveys of fruit fly species, especially the family Tephritidae, their host plants and parasitoids are key to a better understanding of the bio-ecology of these insect groups, given its economic importance to the fruit in the world. There is a tendency for these studies to become even more important because we need to know routinely whether a particular species occurs in a given country and on which hosts. The project aimed to know the general ecology of fruit flies as a contribution to the understanding of fruit fly population dynamics in Mozambique for the development of integrated management strategies and reduction of economic losses in fruit production. A list is presented of 59 fruit fly species belonging to 27 genera included in four subfamilies for Mozambique. Subfamily Dacinae had the largest number of species (61.0%). The genus with most species in the country is Dacus corresponding to 32.2% (19 species) of the total, followed by Ceratitis (9 species) with 15.2%, other genera had fewer species. Six species represent new records for Mozambique: Ceratitis punctata, Ceratitis quinaria, Dacus chiwira, Dacus ciliatus, Dacus pallidilatus and Dacus vertebratus.Os levantamentos das espécies de moscas-das-frutas, especialmente as da família Tephritidae, suas plantas hospedeiras e parasitóides são fundamentais para uma melhor compreensão da bioecologia desses grupos de insetos, dada sua importância econômica para a fruticultura mundial. Existe uma tendência de que esses estudos se tornem ainda mais importantes, uma vez que é necessário saber rotineiramente se determinada espécie ocorre em um dado país e em quais hospedeiros. O projeto teve como objetivo geral conhecer a ecologia das moscas-das-frutas no sentido de compreender a dinâmica da sua população em Moçambique com vista ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo integrado e reduzir perdas económicas na produção de frutas. São listadas 59 espécies de moscas-das-frutas pertencentes a 27 gêneros incluídas em quatro subfamílias para Moçambique. A subfamília Dacinae foi a que apresentou o maior número de espécies (61,0%). O gênero com maior número de espécies no país é Dacus correspondendo a 32,2% (19 espécies) do total, seguido por Ceratitis (9 espécies) com 15,2%, os demais gêneros apresentam poucas espécies. Seis espécies correspondem a novos registros para Moçambique: Ceratitis punctata, Ceratitis quinaria, Dacus chiwira, Dacus), Dacus pallidilatus e Dacus vertebratus

Influências ambientais na qualidade de vida em Moçambique

Le Mozambique est un pays riche en ressources naturelles renouvelables d'une grande importance économique. Cet article vise à répondre ses principaux problèmes d'environnement et de ses conséquences sur la santé et la qualité de vie de la population. Parmi les problèmes d'environnement dont notamment la migration des populations, l'abattage aveugle de la faune, la contrebande d'ivoire et l'exploitation d'autres marchandises d'une haute valeur commerciale, la surexploitation du bois, la destruction des forêts, la mauvaise qualité et la disponibilité limitée d'eau, la pollution industrielle et la dégradation de l'atmosphère. A mesure que la population souffre avec le haut niveau de la dégradation de l'environnement en particulier dans les zones urbaines et les alentours de ces zones urbaines, associé à un niveau élevé de pauvreté qui sont d'une importance cruciale pour l'image épidémiologique des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires .Mozambique is a country rich in renewable natural resources of great economic importance. This article aims to meet its main environmental problems and its consequences on health and quality of life of the population. Environmental problems are restricted to specific areas and include pressure on natural resources utilization resulting from the migration of populations, the indiscriminate slaughter of wildlife, smuggling of ivory and exploitation of other goods of high commercial value observed during the civil war, overexploitation of commercial timber, deforestation, poor quality and limited availability of water, industrial pollution and degradation of air quality. As consequence, the population of affected areas has suffered with environmental degradation particularly in urban and peri-urban areas, coupled with high level of poverty which are crucial for the epidemiological picture of infectious and parasitic diseases presented.Moçambique é um país rico em recursos naturais renováveis, de grande importância econômica. Este artigo tem como objetivo congregar informação sobre principais problemas ambientais e suas consequências na saúde e qualidade de vida da população no país. Entre os problemas ambientais incluem-se, embora com carácter localizado, pressão sobre uso dos recursos naturais resultante da migração de populações, abate indiscriminado da fauna e tráfico de marfim observados durante o período da guerra civil, exploração de outros bens de alto valor comercial, exploração excessiva de madeira comercial, desmatamento, disponibilidade limitada e qualidade de água, poluição industrial e degradação da qualidade do ar. Consequentemente, a população dos locais afetados tem sofrido com o nível de degradação ambiental especialmente nas zonas urbanas e peri-urbanas, associado ao alto nível de pobreza que são determinantes para o quadro epidemiológico de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias apresentadas

Modelling Aboveground Biomass of Miombo Woodlands in Niassa Special Reserve, Northern Mozambique

Aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation plays a crucial role in forest management and carbon emission reporting, especially for developing countries wishing to address REDD+ projects. Both passive and active remote-sensing technologies can provide spatially explicit information of AGB by using a limited number of field samples, thus reducing the substantial budgetary cost of field inventories. The aim of the current study was to estimate AGB in the Niassa Special Reserve (NSR) using fusion of optical (Landsat 8/OLI and Sentinel 2A/MSI) and radar (Sentinel 1B and ALOS/PALSAR-2) data. The performance of multiple linear regression models to relate ground biomass with different combinations of sensor data was assessed using root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AIC and BIC). The mean AGB and carbon stock (CS) estimated from field data were estimated at 56 Mg ha−1 (ranging from 11 to 95 Mg ha−1) and 28 MgC ha−1, respectively. The best model estimated AGB at 63 ± 20.3 Mg ha−1 for NSR, ranging from 0.6 to 200 Mg ha−1 (r2 = 87.5%, AIC = 123, and BIC = 51.93). We obtained an RMSE % of 20.46 of the mean field estimate of 56 Mg ha−1. The estimation of AGB in this study was within the range that was reported in the existing literature for the miombo woodlands. The fusion of vegetation indices derived from Landsat/OLI and Sentinel 2A/MSI, and backscatter from ALOS/PALSAR-2 is a good predictor of AGB.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The ecology of papilio demodocus esper (Lepidoptera: papilionidae) on citrus tree plantations in Southern Mozambique

Following outbreaks of Papilio demodocus populations on citrus plantations and the consequent use of expensive control methods in southern Africa the Project aim was to evaluate the natural regulating factors regulating the populations thus contributing to a more efficient pest control strategy in the Umbeluzi region of Mozambique. Field studies were carried out during the period March 1998 to November 1999 in the sites INIA, University Campus and LOMACO citrus orchards < 2 years old in Umbeluzi while laboratory research was conducted at the Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering of the Eduardo Mondlane University at Maputo. The population distribution studies carried out in treated citrus plantation showed that P. demodocus egg population distribution was aggregated and that the coefficients a and b of Taylor’s Power Law were respectively 0.28 and 1.12. Peak P. demodocus activity occurred between October and March, the rainy season. Generation time was 52 days, evolutive cycle lasted 41 days with a sex ratio of 1:1. During the rainy season the population net reproductive rate and capacity for increase were respectively 0.855 and – 0.031. During the dry season these values were 1.467 and 0.005. Fecundity differed between seasons. 30 cohort life tables were produced from data collected in pesticide free orchards using trials established at INIA, University Campus and LOMACO 1° Maio field. The citrus plants utilized were C. sinensis cv. Valencia, C. paradise cv. Marsh and cv. Star Ruby. The survival curves only differed between the dry and rainy seasons (P<0.05) but not between cultivars or sites. Larval disappearance at the second and fourth larval instars was the most important mortality factor but larval disappearance was not density-dependent. In general, mortality factors were not related to environmental factors. The effect of the initial population size on its changes between generations indicated density dependent processes between generations. Predators and parasitism under natural field conditions were seldom observed.Após surtos de populações de Papilio demodocus em plantações de citros e o consequente uso de métodos de controle caros na África Austral, o objetivo do projeto foi avaliar os fatores reguladores naturais que regulam as populações, contribuindo assim para uma estratégia de controle de pragas mais eficiente na região de Umbeluzi em Moçambique. Os estudos de campo foram realizados durante o período de março de 1998 a novembro de 1999 nos sites INIA, Campus Universitário e LOMACO pomares de citros <2 anos de idade em Umbeluzi enquanto a pesquisa de laboratório foi conduzida na Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane em Maputo . Os estudos de distribuição populacional realizados em plantações cítricas tratadas mostraram que a distribuição da população de ovos de P. demodocus foi agregada e que os coeficientes aeb da Lei de Potência de Taylor foram, respectivamente, 0,28 e 1,12. O pico de atividade de P. demodocus ocorreu entre outubro e março, a estação chuvosa. O tempo de geração foi de 52 dias, o ciclo evolutivo durou 41 dias com proporção sexual de 1: 1. Durante a estação chuvosa, a taxa reprodutiva líquida da população e a capacidade de crescimento foram, respectivamente, 0,855 e -0,031. Durante a estação seca, esses valores foram 1,467 e 0,005. A fecundidade diferiu entre as estações. 30 tabelas de vida de coorte foram produzidas a partir de dados coletados em pomares livres de agrotóxicos usando ensaios estabelecidos no INIA, Campus Universitário e campo LOMACO 1 ° Maio. As plantas cítricas utilizadas foram C. sinensis cv. Valência, C. paraíso cv. Marsh e cv. Star Ruby. As curvas de sobrevivência diferiram apenas entre as estações seca e chuvosa (P <0,05), mas não entre cultivares ou locais. O desaparecimento das larvas no segundo e quarto instares larvais foi o fator de mortalidade mais importante, mas o desaparecimento das larvas não foi dependente da densidade. Em geral, os fatores de mortalidade não foram relacionados aos fatores ambientais. O efeito do tamanho inicial da população em suas mudanças entre as gerações indicou processos dependentes da densidade entre as gerações. Predadores e parasitismo em condições naturais de campo raramente eram observado

Ecological relationships between

Introduction. Insect pest identification and understanding of insect pest ecological relationships constitute a basic step for any control measure needed. Some native fruit trees occur naturally in southern Mozambique and the edible fruits are sought after by local communities. Our study aimed at assessing the activity of native fruit tree insect pests during the year and their ecological relationships, providing, for the first time, a faunistic analysis of insect species affecting fruit trees in the region of Maputo, Mozambique. Materials and methods. Entomological surveys were carried out between June 2002 and December 2003 in the Districts of Manhiça, Marracuene, Namaacha and Matutuíne (southern Mozambique). Quadrangular 900-m2 plots were established in fields where Annona senegalensis, Garcinia livingstonei and Vangueria infausta native fruit trees naturally occurred. The number of individual insect pests per fruit, tree and plot was recorded to estimate ecological fauna measurements: the affinity index, association index and simultaneous constancy. Results and conclusion. A total of 1648 insect specimens, belonging to eight insect species, were found while conducting the ecological observations on Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae), Garcinia livingstonei T. Anders (Clusiaceae) and Vangueria infausta Burch (Rubiaceae). Two groups of pests were observed: defoliators and insects attacking the fruits, which represented the majority. Affinity between insect species was observed, with the relationship between Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann and one unidentified species of the Cosmopterigidae family reaching the highest values. C. capitata was also found to have the highest association index with Spatulipalpia monstrosa Balinsky (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), as well as Carpophilus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Araecerus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). C. capitata and Araecerus sp. had the highest simultaneous occurrence in different locations. Cluster analysis also indicated that Ceratitis capitata and Carpophilus sp. had the highest similarity percentage in all samples

Influências ambientais na qualidade de vida em Moçambique

Moçambique é um país rico em recursos naturais renováveis, de grande importância econômica. Este artigo tem como objetivo congregar informação sobre principais problemas ambientais e suas consequências na saúde e qualidade de vida da população no país. Entre os problemas ambientais incluem-se, embora com carácter localizado, pressão sobre uso dos recursos naturais resultante da migração de populações, abate indiscriminado da fauna e tráfico de marfim observados durante o período da guerra civil, exploração de outros bens de alto valor comercial, exploração excessiva de madeira comercial, desmatamento, disponibilidade limitada e qualidade de água, poluição industrial e degradação da qualidade do ar. Consequentemente, a população dos locais afetados tem sofrido com o nível de degradação ambiental especialmente nas zonas urbanas e peri-urbanas, associado ao alto nível de pobreza que são determinantes para o quadro epidemiológico de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias apresentadas.Le Mozambique est un pays riche en ressources naturelles renouvelables d\u27une grande importance économique. Cet article vise à répondre ses principaux problèmes d\u27environnement et de ses conséquences sur la santé et la qualité de vie de la population. Parmi les problèmes d\u27environnement dont notamment la migration des populations, l\u27abattage aveugle de la faune, la contrebande d\u27ivoire et l\u27exploitation d\u27autres marchandises d\u27une haute valeur commerciale, la surexploitation du bois, la destruction des forêts, la mauvaise qualité et la disponibilité limitée d\u27eau, la pollution industrielle et la dégradation de l\u27atmosphère. A mesure que la population souffre avec le haut niveau de la dégradation de l\u27environnement en particulier dans les zones urbaines et les alentours de ces zones urbaines, associé à un niveau élevé de pauvreté qui sont d\u27une importance cruciale pour l\u27image épidémiologique des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires .Mozambique is a country rich in renewable natural resources of great economic importance. This article aims to meet its main environmental problems and its consequences on health and quality of life of the population. Environmental problems are restricted to specific areas and include pressure on natural resources utilization resulting from the migration of populations, the indiscriminate slaughter of wildlife, smuggling of ivory and exploitation of other goods of high commercial value observed during the civil war, overexploitation of commercial timber, deforestation, poor quality and limited availability of water, industrial pollution and degradation of air quality. As consequence, the population of affected areas has suffered with environmental degradation particularly in urban and peri-urban areas, coupled with high level of poverty which are crucial for the epidemiological picture of infectious and parasitic diseases presented

Exploring Spatial Distributions of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Fire-Affected Areas of Miombo Woodlands of the Beira Corridor, Central Mozambique

Miombo woodlands (MW) are increasingly experiencing widespread land use and land cover change (LULCC). This study explores the influence of fire, agriculture, and slope variability on LULCC in the miombo of the Beira Corridor. Land use and land cover data were derived from three Landsat images for 2001, 2008, and 2018. Slope attributes were derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Monthly burned data of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to map fire frequency. The derived data were then used to investigate the relationship between LULCC and fire, agriculture, and slope, based on geographically weighted regression (GWR). In addition, the relationship between LULCC and slope was assessed. Our findings indicate that fire frequency, agriculture, and slope were significantly spatially non-stationary. We found that LULCC was negatively correlated with agriculture in open miombo, but positively correlated in dense miombo. A positive relationship between LULCC and fire was found for dense and open miombo. Changes in agriculture, dense miombo, and open miombo increased towards high slopes. The study improves the understanding of the spatial effect of LULCC drivers. The development and implementation of effective fire management actions is required to promote sustainable forest management and preservation of critical ecosystem services

Tree Species Composition and Diversity in Fire-Affected Areas of Miombo Woodlands, Central Mozambique

Fire strongly impacts the composition and structure of ecosystems, with consequences yet to be understood. We used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to map fire frequency and fire intensity and investigate their effects on miombo woodlands (MW) of central Mozambique. Tree species diversity was evaluated and compared using rarefaction curves. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination was used to identify patterns of species composition occurrence. The indicator value index method was applied to verify the occurrence of fire indicator species. In general, tree communities responded differently to varied fire regimes. We found low tree density in Intermediate fire frequency and intensity (IfIi) (180 trees ha−1) and High-frequency and Low intensity (HfLi) (316 trees ha−1) areas. The IfIi fire regime had the lowest carbon stocks (9.1 Mg ha−1), when compared to the rest of fire regimes. The species diversity decreased as fire intensity increased. IfIi areas had the maximum species diversity. The NMDS showed a varied species composition according to fire regime. We found a strong relationship between the species diversity and composition, and the pattern of fire occurrence in each fire regime. Our results are critical in supporting fire management policies and understanding fire regimes and their effects on miombo trees’ structure and composition