Clinicopathological aspects of canine lymphoma in Botucatu region, São Paulo, Brazil

This report describes 34 cases of canine lymphoma, all of them referred to the Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ - UNESP in Botucatu - SP, Brazil, comprising, nine German Shepherd dogs, nine mongrels, five Boxers, three Doberman and one of each eigth other breeds. The mean age was 6.2 years, range 1 to 13 years, and 68% of the dogs were males. The stage of the lymphomas was based on the World Health Organization criteria. At the time of diagnosis 32 dogs were at more advanced stages (IIII, IV, and V). Only two dogs were at stage II. The multicentric form was the most common anatomic one. This form was seen in 31 lymphomas. Nevertheless, thymic and alimentary forms were also observed in two and one dogs, respectively.Estudaram-se as características anatomoclínicas dos linfomas em cães da região de Botucatu, São Paulo. O material utilizado foi colhido de 34 cães portadores de linfoma maligno, dos quais nove eram da raça Pastor-Alemão, nove sem raça definida, cinco da raça Boxer, três animais da raça Dobermann e oito outros cada um de uma raça, 68% deles machos. A idade variou de 1 a 13 anos, com média de 6,2 anos. O estabelecimento do estádio dos linfomas foi baseado nos critérios estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. No momento do diagnóstico, 32 animais apresentavam-se nos estádios clínicos III, IV ou V. Apenas dois foram enquadrados no estádio II. A forma anatômica mais freqüente foi a multicêntrica, diagnosticada em 31 animais. A forma tímica, diagnosticada em dois animais, e a digestiva, em um animal, foram as outras formas anatômicas encontradas.UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e ZootecniaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)UNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Evaluación de trayectorias para un robot móvil autónomo aplicable en pequeñas y medianas producciones agrícolas

Se resume una aplicación de un robot móvildesarrollado para pequeñas y medianas plantaciones, connavegación autónoma dentro del cultivo, detectando y/oevitando obstáculos y haciendo dosificación controlada defertilizantes según la demanda localizada. Definidas lascondiciones del cultivo y su distribución; fueron probadosalgunos algoritmos de planeación de trayectorias: Dijkstra,Floyd y A*, para seleccionar el que mejor se adapta a laaplicación. También se presenta una aplicación virtualdesarrollada para la simulación de trayectorias aplicando losalgoritmos, y finalmente, los resultados de pruebasexperimentales sobre una maqueta como representación delcultivo usando un robot a escala

Analysis of the Drop-in Operation of a Refrigeration System by the Response Surface Methodology

The objective of this study is to evaluate the gains in a drop-in process of refrigerants in a basic refrigeration system using the Response Surface Methodology to optimization. A central composite design and analysis of variance are also used. In addition, the model will be analyzed and compared to experimental results, consolidating various parameters to get the best regions in a broad universe of options, with a reduced number of experiments. The response surface methodology is a set of statistical tool, which describes the entire region of interest through experimental specific points, by appropriate polynomial equation. The experimental results were extracted from a cooling test bench compound for a reciprocating compressor, evaporator, condenser and expansion valve. R22, R290, R1270, R438A, R404A, R134a, R410A and R32 were tested at the same experimental apparatus, the lubrificating oil was replaced in some cases. The higher value of coefficient of performance and cooling capacity were investigated. The results obtained with the MSR technique showed good agreement with the experimental work, (R2 exceeding 0.8) which indicates, good representation of the output variables of the cooling system. The tested optimization tools were able to identify areas of maximum, allowing for better comparison of results obtained by different refrigerants

Experimental comparison of a cascade refrigeration system operating with R744/R134a and R744/R404a.

This study evaluates the performance of a cascade system in subcritical operation using the pair R744 / R134, as an option to conventional systems in supermarkets, which usually uses R404A, or R22. The experimental apparatus consists of a variable speed reciprocating compressor for R744 and an electronic expansion valve that promotes direct evaporation of the CO2 inside a cold room (2.3m x 2.6m x 2.5m) to maintain the internal air temperature stable. The high-temperature cycle consists of a reciprocating compressor for R134a, a thermostatic expansion valve, and an air-cooled condenser. A plate heat exchanger, which is at the same time, the condenser for the R744 and evaporator to R134a completes the setup. Two parameters were manipulated: The superheating degree of the R744, 5-20 K, and the R744 compressor operation frequency, 40-65 Hz. In order to contribute to the improvement of the cooling processes, mainly about the sustainability and energy efficiency, a drop-in has been made at the high-temperature cycle, whose R134a load has been replaced by R404A. The alternative cooling system (R744 / R404A) was subjected to two stages of tests which allowed the energy comparison between the two refrigerant sets. Through the obtained results, it was estimated maximum COP equivalent to 1.36 and a minimum value of 1.06 for the R744 / R134a pair, demonstrating the applicability of this cascade system of variable thermal load conditions, the values ​​of capacity cooling, settled between 4.09 and 5.13 kW. The minimum value of the air temperature within the cold room was - 28 °C and -5 °C the maximum. Finally, it was found that the results obtained for R744 / R404A pair attended the air temperature condition inside the cold room with similar COP values. However, R744 / R404A pair operated at lower refrigeration capacities, these settled between 2.16 and 3.00 kW. This reduction is due to the large difference between the volumetric cooling capacity values of these HFCs in question, resulting in adaptation problems of the R404A to the compressor and the expansion mechanism

Timoma em cão. Relato de caso

Uma cadela, Dachshund, quatro anos, foi encaminhada ao H.V. da FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu-SP com histórico de prostração, emagrecimento progressivo, anorexia, cansaço e tosse seca. Ao exame clínico observou-se apatia, secreção nasal serosa bilateral e dispnéia intensa. Radiografia torácica demonstrou efusão pleural, edema pulmonar acentuado, desvio dorsal da traquéia e possível massa mediastinal. A ultra-sonografia, após drenagem torácica, confirmou a presença de massa mediastinal, sendo classificada como neoplasia maligna de origem epitelial pela citologia aspirativa por agulha fina. O animal veio a óbito logo após o diagnóstico de neoplasia. À necropsia constatou-se massa mediastinal encapsulada, consistência macia e superfície de corte com coloração branco-acinzentada e áreas necrótico-hemorrágicas, localizada na região ântero-ventral do tórax. O exame histopatológico demonstrou células epiteliais neoplásicas, células linfóides (timócitos) com morfologia normal, vasos sangüíneos de pequeno e médio calibre, formações císticas com conteúdo eosinofílico e corpúsculos de Hassall. A imunohistoquímica apresentou positividade para citoqueratina AE1/AE3 e UCHL, confirmando o diagnóstico de timoma.A four years old Dachshund female dog was guided to the Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu-SP with history of prostration, progressive weigh loss, anorexia, fatigue and drought coughs. Apathy, serous bilateral nasal discharge, intense dyspneia and lung edema were observed in the clinical exam. Thoracic X-ray showed pleural effusion and dorsal deviation of trachea and the presence of a mediastinal mass. The ultrasonography, after thoracic drainage and fine needle aspiration cytology, confirmed the presence of mediastinal mass classified as malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin. The animal died soon after the exams due to its bad clinical conditions. At necropsy mediastinal mass was located in the antero-ventral area of the thorax. It was encapsulated, with soft consistency and gray coloration with hemorragic and necrotic areas in the cut surface. The histopathology demonstrated neoplastic epithelial cells, lymphoid cells (thymocytes) with normal morphology, blood vessels of small and medium caliber, cystic formations with eosinophilic contents and Hassall corpuscles. The immunohistochemistry reaction was positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and UCHL, confirming the thymoma diagnosis

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis in a dog

A Meningoencefalite Granulomatosa (MEG) é um processo inflamatório não supurativo do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). A MEG tem sido descrita desde 1972, e uma grande variedade de termos já foi usada para designar tal doença (THOMAS; EGER14, 1989). Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar o caso de um cão, fêmea, da raça Dachshund, com 3 anos e 8 meses de idade, que foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP, Botucatu, com quadro de incoordenação havia 10 dias, evoluindo para tremores e desvio lateral da cabeça. Após exame clínico e constatando-se a irreversibilidade do processo, o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. A necrópsia revelou extensa área de leucomalácia, e os estudos histopatológicos mostraram tratar se de MEG, doença de extrema controvérsia e rara ocorrência na literatura compulsada.Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis (GME) is an inflamatory, non suppurative disease of the Central Nervous System. This disease has been described since 1972 and a great variety of terms have been used to name (THOMAS; EGGER14, 1989). This paper describes a case o f a 3 years and 8 months old, female Dachshund, that was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, showing incoordenation during the last 10 days and head tilt. After careful examination, concluding to irreversibility of the process, the dog was euthanatised. Necropsy findings were necrosis of the white cerebral matter and in histopathologic examination of the CNS was diagnosticated GME