Variation of morphology, isozymic and vitamin C content of dragon fruit varieties

Rahmawati B, Mahajoeno E. 2009. Variation of morphology, isozymic and vitamin C content of dragon fruit varieties. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 131-137. The aims of the research was to study the variation of morphology, the band pattern of isozyme, and vitamin C content of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) varieties such as super red, red and white from Pasuruan (East Java), Sukoharjo and Klaten (Central Java), and Bantul districts (Yogyakarta). Morphological character were carried include fruit, stem, and flowers of each variety of dragon fruit. The isozymic pattern was analyzed using NTSYS 2.02i. The data matrix was counted based on the DICE coefficient. The clustering was done by applying UPGMA which counted through SHAN. Vitamin C content measured by titration method then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the higher vitamin C content was found from super red of Pasuruan (6.00) and then followed by red color (5.376) and super red (5.113) both from Bantul. The morphological variation on the stem and petal colors, and fruits were also shown by the isozymic data of three varieties of dragon fruits collected from four separated locations. Esterase (EST) showed 18 bands and forming four (4) groups based on 75% genetic similarity index. The specific band occurred on Rf 0.633 of red varieties of dragon fruit from Bantul and on Rf 0.755 from Pasuruan. The specific band also occurs on Rf 0.347 of white variety from Bantul and on Rf 0.510 and on Rf 0.633 from Klaten. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) enzyme shows 12 bands and also forming four groups with a little difference for member in the fourth group. The specific band occurs on Rf 0.321 of red color fruit from Pasuruan. The specific band also occurs on the white from Pasuruan on Rf 0.446 and on Rf 0.482. The variation of dragon fruits were also supported by isozymic data indicated that the morphological character were in accordance with the genetics data. Key words: dragon fruit, Hylocereus, morphology, isozyme, vitamin C

The application of multivariate statistical methods for understanding food consumer behaviour

Understanding consumer behaviour is a necessary precondition for a targeted communication strategy. The behaviour is a complex phenomenon and research needs to undertake a rigorously apply sophisticated methods. This article entails the combined utilisation of categorical principal component analysis and cluster analysis to determine the major, relatively homogenous consumer groups and this is coupled with confirmatory factor analysis and structural model building to understand consumer behaviour, based on Fishbein and Ajzent’s theoretic model.Categorical principal component analysis, cluster analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, consumers’ segmentation, structural model building, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

STUDI VARIASI MORFOLOGI DAN POLA PITA ISOZIM PADA VARIETAS BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus sp)

Buah naga mempunyai banyak manfaat untuk kesehatan dan manfaat lainnya yang belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat sehingga perlu dilakukan pendataan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menguji keragaman variasi morfologi, dan pola pita isozim pada buah naga berdaging super merah, merah, dan putih dari Kabupaten Pasuruan, Sukoharjo, Klaten, dan Bantul. Analisis data morfologi tanaman diuaraikan secara deskriptif. Data pola pita isozim dianalisis menggunakan program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analys System versi 2.02i (NTSYS). Data matrik dihitung berdasarkan koofisien DICE. Klusterisasi (pengelompokan) dilakukan dengan UPGMA ( Unweighted Pair Group With Arithmatic Mean) yang dihitung melalui SHAN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Variasi morfologi terjadi pada warna batang, warna kelopak bunga dan rasa daging buah yang ditunjukkan juga pada pola pita isozim ketiga varietas pada keempat lokasi pengamatan. Enzim esterase mengekspresikan 18 pita yang membentuk empat kelompok berdasarkan jarak kemiripan 75%. Pita spesifik muncul pada Rf 0.633 pada varietas buah naga berdaging merah Bantul dan pada Rf 0.755 dari Pasuruan. Pita spesifik juga dimiliki untuk buah naga putih pada Rf 0.347 dari Bantul serta Klaten pada Rf 0.510 dan Rf 0.633. Untuk enzim GOT mengekspresikan 12 pita dan juga memperlihatkan empat kelompok dengan sedikit berbeda untuk keanggotaannya dikelompok empat. Pita spesifik muncul pada Rf 0.321 pada varietas buah naga berdaging merah dari Pasuruan. Pita spesifik juga muncul pada buah naga berdaging putih dari Pasuruan pada Rf 0. 446 dan Rf 0.482. Terjadinya variasi pada buah naga yang di uji dan di dukung oleh data isozim walaupun hanya 2 macam enzim ini memberikan bukti bahwa data genetik mendukung karakter morfologi. Kata kunci: Buah naga (Hylocereus sp), Morfologi, Isozim, Vitamin C

Nested partnerships and interdisciplinary science: from the National Medical Cyclotron to the research cyclotron of the National Imaging Facility

In Australia, the routine use of medical isotopes produced by a prototype cyclotron for diagnostic imaging commenced in the early 1990s. Since then, the mainly clinically focused imaging in nuclear medicine has become a broader and more interdisciplinary endeavour. As 'molecular imaging', it has become a field that supports a wide range of basic, translational and clinical research and draws in skills from many areas, including physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine. Such growth has been accompanied by the emergence of scientific collaborations well beyond individual institutions. This paper provides the historical context to the former National Medical Cyclotron (NMC) facility (1992-2009) at Camperdown, Sydney and the subsequent partnerships that led to its refurbishment as the new site of the National Imaging Facility (NIF) Cyclotron, a flagship research facility enabled by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). It is now the centrepiece of a physical research infrastructure as well as a growing network of collaborations that open up access to medical isotopes for research and clinical applications across Australia to new users and applications. It is also a contemporary example of how science has moved from individual scholarly endeavour to highly networked activity. The funding model initiated through NCRIS included shared funding, funding leveraging and in-kind contributions primarily for the establishment of the large instrument and laboratory infrastructure rather than their operational costs. Here, we illustrate how partnership arrangements emerged at institutional, state and national level and how they address the task of providing open access to, and sustainable operation of, a major piece of research infrastructure that spans multiple institutions. © The Royal Society of NSW

PERAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN INKLUSIF (STUDI KASUS DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH DADAPAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN)

Inclusive learning is to provide a service system for children with special needs to be served in the nearest school or regular school with their peers. In the implementation of inclusive learning in schools requires serious handling from related parties, especially parents, the school, government and the community. Therefore, researchers want to know how the role of educators in the inclusive learning process in SD Muhammadiyah Dadapan Sleman District. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive approach of case study. The subject of this research is principal, classroom teacher, subject teacher, special tutor and student. Target object in this research is the role of educator (classroom teacher, special tutor, and children with special needs) in inclusive learning at SD Muhammadiyah Dadapan, Sleman District.Based on the research results obtained conclusions as follows: (1) Educators referred to in this study are classroom teachers, special tutors and subject teachers. The role of special mentor teachers is only as a consultant if the class teacher has difficulty in guiding students with special needs during the learning process in the classroom. The role of classroom teachers and subject teachers is crucial in the inclusive learning process, in schools because students with special needs are more often guided by classroom teachers and subject teachers. (2) Competent educators will be better able to create an effective, enjoyable learning environment, and will be better able to manage the class, so that learning can run optimally. To create a conducive learning atmosphere the educator must have 4 competencies, namely pedagogic competence, personality competence, social competence, and professionalism

Peningkatan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Materi Sistem Transportasi Manusia melalui Pembelajaran Role Playing Siswa Kelas VIII-H SMPN 5 Surakarta Semester I Tahun 2013/2014

SMPN5 Surakarta has outstanding vision and cultured on faith and Piety.the subjects of biology in this Surakarta SMPN5 not as expected, on his way to the front of learning in general should be improved particularly in the teaching of science including biology science subjects. research that has been conducted on 32 students are 47.5% of students who pay attention to the lessons, 12.5% of students dreamy, sleepy students 7.5%, 12.5% of students do not focus on the subject and only 20% of students participate in learning. lack of student interest in the learning process led to the success of student learning achieved suboptimal anyway. Research conducted in the semester began in July to December 2013, with the implementation of measures in October to November 2013 in SMPN5 Surakarta with the subject viii h grade students who are 32 students. On the first cycle students learn in a large group of 8 students in one group, while in the second cycle students learn in small groups, namely 4 students in one group. Each stage of each cycle consisting of planning actions, implementation of action, observation and reflection action. data using quantitative descriptive analysis by comparing the initial conditions of mastery learning cycle 1 and cycle 2. The results showed a significant increase in interest in learning from the initial condition is active only 8 students to 30 students are active, attentive and happy while learning. learning outcomes of students has increased from baseline to 1 cycle of 21%. cycle 1 to cycle 2 increased 6%. learning outcomes from baseline to 2 cycles increased 29% The results of these studies indicate that through role playing learning model can improve student interest and learning outcomes. Keywords:     interest, the learning outcomes, role playin

Membrane properties of ameboid microglial cells in the corpus callosum slice from early postnatal mice

Microglial cells in culture are distinct from neurons, macroglial cells, and macrophages of tissues other than brain with respect to their membrane current pattern. To assess these cells in the intact tissue, we have applied the patch-clamp technique to study membrane currents in microglial cells from acute, whole brain slices of 6-9-d-old mice in an area of microglial cell invasion, the cingulum. As strategies to identify microglial cells prior to or after recording, we used binding and incorporation of Dil-acetylated low-density lipoproteins, binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-coupled IgG via microglial Fc-receptors, and ultrastructural characterization. As observed previously for cultured microglial cells, depolarizing voltage steps activate only minute if any membrane currents, while hyperpolarizing voltage steps induced large inward currents. These currents exhibited properties of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel in that the reversal potential depended on the transmembrane K+ gradient, inactivation time constants decreased with hyperpolarization, and the current was blocked by tetraethylammonium (50 mM). This study represents the first attempt to assess microglial cells in situ using electrophysiological methods. It opens the possibility to address questions related to the function of microglial cells in the intact CNS