Foreign Satellite Viewing Cards and English Premier League Football: Implications of Recent Judgments for the Consumer

This article examines the impact of the outcome of a number of recently concluded judicial proceedings in the English courts and at the Court of Justice of the European Union on the use by consumers of foreign satellite television viewing cards. The article observes that while much focus has been placed on the effect of the outcome of the relevant cases on publicans and other commercial entities, not much attention has been placed on potentially serious implications that the cases have for private consumers. The article highlights difficulties with the interpretation adopted in respect of section 297(1) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. In particular the article highlights the dichotomy that while use of a viewing card issued by a satellite television provider based or pursuing economic activities in the European Union is legal, using a similar card issued by an entity based outside the EU could potentially be a criminal act. The article also discusses the impact on consumers of the decision of the courts on the civil law elements relating to copyright infringement and provides a careful analysis of salient elements of the proceedings in both the Court of Justice and the English courts

The Regulation of Electronic Money Institutions in the United Kingdom

The Electronic Money Directives of the European Union, concerned with the regulation and prudential supervision of electronic money institutions, have now been implemented in the United Kingdom. The implementing provisions are found in a number of disparate legislative instruments. This article identifies the various legislative instruments concerned and articulates the key elements of the regulatory regime that is established. It also considers some of the potential difficulties in the way of achieving the objectives of the regulatory regime, particularly enhancing consumer confidence in e-money products which are compared with the use of credit and debit cards as means of payment for e-commerce transactions

ICT and E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nigerian Judiciary and Legal System

Nigeria, like many other countries, is aspiring to develop legislation to facilitate electronic commerce specifically and the use of information communications technology generally. This article addresses some of the challenges that the legal system and the judiciary will have to tackle in this process and highlights some of the opportunities arising from properly addressing the issues arising from the advent of the information communications technology revolution

The Intricate Interplay Between Cancer Stem Cells and Cell-of-Origin of Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as pivotal players in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and resistance to therapies. OBJECTIVE: This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between CSCs and the cell-of-origin in diverse cancer types. DESIGN: Comprehensive review of thematically-relevant literature. METHODS: We explore the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the conversion of normal cells into CSCs and the impact of the cell-of-origin on CSC properties, tumor initiation, and therapeutic responses. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting CSCs based on their distinct cell-of-origin characteristics. RESULTS: Accruing evidence suggest that the cell-of-origin, the cell type from which the tumor originates, plays a crucial role in determining the properties of CSCs and their contribution to tumor heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: By providing critical insights into the complex interplay between CSCs and their cellular origins, this article aims to enhance our understanding of cancer biology and pave the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments

A numerical simulation of air distribution in an office room ventilated by 4-way cassette air-conditioner

The work in this paper involves the investigation of an office room in cooling mode ventilated by a 4-way cassette air-conditioner, which is increasingly being installed in Eastern China. A comparison of the 4-way cassette AC is made against a typical wall-mounted mixing ventilation system based on ADPI calculations as well as difference in air temperature and velocity. The results in this paper, which are carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, indicate that a superior air distribution performance is achieved by the 4-way cassette AC when compared to the wall-mounted system. The results also show potentials for energy saving using the 4-way cassette AC

Aberrant KDM5B expression promotes aggressive breast cancer through MALAT1 overexpression and downregulation of hsa-miR-448

Relative expression of KDM5B, MALAT1, SNAIL, Vimentin and miR 448 normalized against GAPDH in MCF10A WT, MCF10A OE, MDA-MB-231 WT and MDA-MB-231 KD cells. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments and analyzed by student’s t-test. All data are shown as mean ± SEM. WT, wild type; OE, KDM5B overexpressed; KD, knockdown using shKDM5B clone II. (DOCX 519 kb

Construction and validation of a low-cost system for indoor air quality measurements in livestock facilities

In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for food of ani-mal origin. The number of intensive production systems such as pig and poultry farming has been increasing more and more and exerting great impacts on the environment, due to a large amount of particulate material and gaseous pollutants that are generated within these facilities. Thus, low-cost devices emerge as a cheap alternative that provides farmers with information on indoor air quality in its facilities. However, it is important that these devices make precise and accu-rate measurements, providing reliable concentration readings. Therefore, the ob-jective of this study is the construction and validation of a low-cost system capa-ble of measuring, storing and sending, via the mobile network, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, PM2.5, PM10, temperature, and relative humidity. Preliminary inter-comparison tests showed that the built sys-tem had a reliable behavior in relation to all variables, even though the CO2 sen-sor was the one with the highest determination coefficient. The built device is able to provide continuous monitoring of atmospheric pollutants concentrations, at low cost and with simple handling.This study was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under the PT2020 Program through financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013) and by the bilateral project established between the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (Portugal) and the Federal University of Technology – Paraná (Brazil).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio