Die Rolle nationaler, regionaler und sektoraler Faktoren für die Variation von Output, Beschäftigung und Produktivität in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Ziel der Analyse ist es, für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland die Variation räumlich und sektoral disaggregierter Wachstumsraten von Output, Beschäftigung und Produktivität in einen regionalen und einen branchenspezifischen Anteil aufzuspalten und deren Bedeutung zu quantifizieren. Es zeigt sich, daß dabei im betrachteten Zeitraum die Branchengliederung die weitaus größte Bedeutung besitzt, Regionaleffekte sind dagegen gering oder gar nicht nachzuweisen. -- The variation of growth rates of output, employment and productivity disaggregated by German regions and sectors is decomposed into a regional and an industry component. The empirical analysis shows that the bulk of the variation can be attributed to sector-specific effects while the regional component is only of minor importance

Die sektorale Dimension der Konvergenz: Eine empirische Untersuchung für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland

In der vorliegenden Analyse wird mittels sektoral disaggregierter Daten untersucht, inwieweit in Deutschland wirtschaftliche Konvergenz der Bundesländer (Kreise) im Zeitraum 1970 (1980) bis 1995 (1994) vorliegt. Der Beitrag der verschiedenen Branchen wird anhand der Beta- und der Sigma-Konvergenz überprüft. Dabei zeigte sich eine Wachstumskonvergenz dahingehend, daß die Arbeitsproduktivität in ärmeren Regionen eine höhere Wachstumsrate aufwies als in reicheren. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag dazu lieferte die Reallokation von Erwerbstätigen aus der Landwirtschaft in andere Branchen, insbesondere in zurückgebliebenen Regionen. -- This paper uses German sectorally disaggregated data to analyze the extent of economic convergence of the Bundesländer (Kreise) between 1970 (1980) and 1995 (1994). The contribution of the sectors to beta - and sigma-convergence is measured. It is shown that the growth rate of productivity of labour in poorer regions is higher than in richer ones. A prominent role plays the effect of reallocation of employment from agriculture to other sectors.

Asymmetric Thermal Lineshape Broadening in a Gapped 3-Dimensional Antiferromagnet - Evidence for Strong Correlations at Finite Temperature

It is widely believed that magnetic excitations become increasingly incoherent as temperature is raised due to random collisions which limit their lifetime. This picture is based on spin-wave calculations for gapless magnets in 2 and 3 dimensions and is observed experimentally as a symmetric Lorentzian broadening in energy. Here, we investigate a three-dimensional dimer antiferromagnet and find unexpectedly that the broadening is asymmetric - indicating that far from thermal decoherence, the excitations behave collectively like a strongly correlated gas. This result suggests that a temperature activated coherent state of quasi-particles is not confined to special cases like the highly dimerized spin-1/2 chain but is found generally in dimerized antiferromagnets of all dimensionalities and perhaps gapped magnets in general

Physical realization of a quantum spin liquid based on a novel frustration mechanism

Unlike conventional magnets where the magnetic moments are partially or completely static in the ground state, in a quantum spin liquid they remain in collective motion down to the lowest temperatures. The importance of this state is that it is coherent and highly entangled without breaking local symmetries. Such phenomena is usually sought in simple lattices where antiferromagnetic interactions and/or anisotropies that favor specific alignments of the magnetic moments are "frustrated" by lattice geometries incompatible with such order e.g. triangular structures. Despite an extensive search among such compounds, experimental realizations remain very few. Here we describe the investigation of a novel, unexplored magnetic system consisting of strong ferromagnetic and weaker antiferromagnetic isotropic interactions as realized by the compound Ca$_{10}$Cr$_7$O$_{28}$. Despite its exotic structure we show both experimentally and theoretically that it displays all the features expected of a quantum spin liquid including coherent spin dynamics in the ground state and the complete absence of static magnetism.Comment: Modified version accepted in Nature Physic

Quantum spin chain as a potential realization of the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model

It is well established that long-range magnetic order is suppressed in magnetic systems whose interactions are low-dimensional. The prototypical example is the S-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain (S-1/2 HAFC) whose ground state is quantum critical. In real S-1/2 HAFC compounds interchain coupling induces long-range magnetic order although with a suppressed ordered moment and reduced N\'eel temperature compared to the Curie-Weiss temperature. Recently, it was suggested that order can also be suppressed if the interchain interactions are frustrated, as for the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model. Here, we study the new S-1/2 HAFC, (NO)[Cu(NO3)3]. This material shows extreme suppression of order which furthermore is incommensurate revealing the presence of frustration consistent with the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model

Crystal growth, structure and magnetic properties of Ca10Cr7O28

A detailed diffraction study of Ca10Cr7O28 is presented which adds significant new insights into the structural and magnetic properties of this compound. A new crystal structure type was used, where the a and b axes are doubled compared to previous models providing a more plausible structure, where all crystallographic sites are fully occupied. The presence of two different valences of chromium was verified and the locations of the magnetic Cr5 and nonmagnetic Cr6 ions were identified. The Cr5 ions have spin 1 2 and form distorted kagome bilayers which are stacked in an ABC arrangement along the c axis. These results lay the foundation for understanding of the quantum spin liquid behavior in Ca10Cr7O28 which has recently been reported in Balz et al. 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 94

Crystal growth, structure and magnetic properties of Ca10Cr7O28

A detailed diffraction study of Ca10Cr7O28 is presented which adds significant new insights into the structural and magnetic properties of this compound. A new crystal structure type was used, where the a and b axes are doubled compared to previous models providing a more plausible structure, where all crystallographic sites are fully occupied. The presence of two different valences of chromium was verified and the locations of the magnetic Cr5 and nonmagnetic Cr6 ions were identified. The Cr5 ions have spin 1 2 and form distorted kagome bilayers which are stacked in an ABC arrangement along the c axis. These results lay the foundation for understanding of the quantum spin liquid behavior in Ca10Cr7O28 which has recently been reported in Balz et al. 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 94

Investigation of ground deformation in Taiyuan Basin, China from 2003 to 2010, with atmosphere-corrected time series InSAR

Excessive groundwater exploitation is common through the Taiyuan basin, China, and is well known to result in ground subsidence. However, most ground subsidence studies in this region focus on a single place (Taiyuan city), and thus fail to demonstrate the regional extent of the deformation phenomena in the whole basin. In this study, we used Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series analysis to investigate land subsidence across the entire Taiyuan basin region. Our data set includes a total of 75 ENVISAT ASAR images from two different frames acquired from August 2003 to September 2010 and 33 TerraSAR-X scenes spanning between March 2009 and March 2010. ERA-Interim reanalysis was used to correct the stratified delay to reduce the bias expected from the systematic components of tropospheric delay. The residual delay after correction of stratified delay can be considered as a stochastic component and be mitigated through spatial-temporal filtering. A comparison with MERIS (Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) measurements indicates that our atmospheric corrections improved agreement over the conventional spatial-temporal filtering by about 20%. The displacement results from our atmosphere-corrected time series InSAR were further validated with continuous GPS data. We found eight subsiding centers in the basin and a surface uplift to the north of Taiyuan city. The causes of ground deformation are analyzed and discussed in relation to gravity data, pre-existing faults, and types of land use