Exploring accuracy and impact of concurrent and retrospective self-talk among golfers

The current study aimed to provide insight into the types and frequency of self-talk of skilled golfers (n = 6) by considering and comparing concurrent verbalization and retrospective reports. Each participant wore a microphone to record his thoughts while verbalizing them for the duration of nine holes of golf on three separate occasions. The researchers transcribed and coded this verbalized self-talk. Participants also completed a retrospective self-talk questionnaire at the conclusion of each round. Results suggest that participants’ concurrent verbalization and retrospective reports were inconsistent, specifically with regard to function (i.e., motivational versus instructional) and valence (i.e., positive, negative, and neutral), and that participants felt their concurrent verbalization more accurately reflected their experiences. The results support previous research that indicates that retrospective reports of self-talk may not provide accurate insight into what athletes actually say to themselves as they perform in their sports, while asserting that concurrent verbalization may be a more accurate representation of their self-talk experiences

The role of systematic or critical reviews for interventions in veterinary medicine

This thesis introduces systematic reviews for interventions, why they are used, and how they can benefit veterinary scientific research. Two examples were presented. The first discusses using the tool GRADE for quality assessment of outcomes for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A critical review and meta-analysis is presented on the topic of vaccine efficacy for the disease Tritrichomonas foetus in beef cattle. This review used GRADE to help determine the quality of the outcomes that were used for this review and meta-analysis. The findings were reported in summary tables. The overall conclusion of this review was that there is a lack of conclusive evidence to support the use of this vaccine in areas where good biosecurity practices are in place, but readers can use the GRADE evidence tables to make their own decision about the results depending on their unique situation. Additionally, this review helped to point out that there were relatively few studies in cows and bulls and therefore the efficacy of the vaccine in these groups of cattle could not be assessed, and may serve as an area of future clinical research. The second example given in this thesis describes an approach in meta-analysis to compare different treatments for the same disease or problem, indirectly, called a MTC meta-analysis. Only a few MTC meta-analyses have been published in veterinary medicine. An MTC would have been performed for the critical review and meta-analysis that was presented, as there were several treatments utilized that were compared with control (no treatment). This unfortunately could not be done, due to missing information in most of the manuscripts. The overall conclusion of this review was that the results suggest that there is evidence that anthelmintic use has an effect on ADG in beef cattle production systems in a northern climate of the United States and that no conclusion could be made on weight gain as a meta-analysis could not be conducted due to poor reporting. This conclusion points out that better reporting throughout the current studies would have been needed to fully understand the magnitude of effect anthelmintic interventions for improved ADG and weight gains in beef cattle in northern climates of the United States. Furthermore, additional research would be necessary to draw conclusions regarding the timing anthelmintic interventions as well as a ranking of different anthelmintic products. The two critical reviews and meta-analyses that are presented in this thesis illustrate the need for quality primary research and comprehensive reporting of primary research. There are key places where veterinary researchers can help to make literature more usable for systematic reviews. Properly reporting measures of precision such as standard errors or standard deviations, transparency in the materials and methods so that extraction of data such as treated and control populations, sex of animals used, or number lost to follow-up, etc. are easily done. Researchers should take these important parameters into consideration prior to starting their research in order to minimize biases and attempt to do so throughout the trial. High quality, and transparent studies are much easier to include in systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as obtain much more useful information. Finally, systematic reviews are an important part of medical literature. It seems important for the veterinary medical community to also see these benefits and begin to incorporate systematic reviews more often into veterinary research. There is a movement to ensure that medical treatments are based on the best data available. Therefore, systematic reviews should be used as part of the research process and should play a role in development and design of new research. Many human medical journals are urging or requiring researchers to perform or utilize an existing systematic review before starting a trial. Although this may seem like it might add significant time to the research process, this extra step can help to guide research in a more effective way and decrease repetition

A 14-day follow-up of adult non-malarial fever patients seen by mobile clinics in rural Malawi

BackgroundWhile health providers consistently use malaria rapid diagnostic tests to rule out malaria, they often lack tools to guide treatment for those febrile patients who test negative. Without the tools to provide an alternative diagnosis, providers may prescribe unnecessary antibiotics or miss a more serious condition, potentially contributing to antibiotic resistance and/or poor patient outcomes. MethodsThis study ascertained which diagnoses and treatments might be associated with poor outcomes in adults who test negative for malaria. Adult patients for rapid diagnostic test of malaria seen in mobile health clinics in Mulanje and Phalombe districts were followed for 14 days. Participants were interviewed on sociodemographic characteristics, health-seeking behaviour, diagnosis, treatment and access to care. Mobile clinic medical charts were reviewed. Two weeks (±2 days) following clinic visit, follow-up interviews were conducted to assess whether symptoms had resolved.ResultsInitially, 115 adult patients were enrolled and 1 (0.88%) was lost to follow-up. Of the 114 adult patients remaining in the study, 55 (48%) were seen during the dry season and 59 (52%) during the wet season. Symptoms resolved in 90 (80%) patients at the 14-day follow-up visit (n=90) with the rest (n=24) reporting no change in symptoms. None of the patients in the study died or were referred for further care. Almost all patients received some type of medication during their clinic visit (98.2%). Antibiotics were given to 38.6% of patients, and virtually all patients received pain or fever relief (96.5%). However, no anti-malarials were prescribed.ConclusionsMobile clinics provide important health care where access to care is limited. Although rapid tests have guided appropriate treatment, challenges remain when a patient’s presenting complaint is less well defined. In rural areas of southern Malawi, simple diagnostics are needed to guide treatment decisions

Volume 25, Number 10 (October 1907)

Edvard Grieg Eulogy Upon Grieg Grieg\u27s Twelve Most Popular Piano Pieces Story of the Gavotte Joseph Joachim: A Tribute to the Great Teacher, Artist, Man, Who Stood at the Educational Head of Musical Life in Berlin for a Half Century—His Remarkable Violin School and His Influence Upon His Pupils and Friends Should Recital Music be Memorized? Sevcik and Joachim How Rubinstein Played the Piano Edvard Grieghttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1529/thumbnail.jp

Volume 23, Number 02 (February 1905)

Mrs. Bloomfield Zeisler on Study and Repertory Interpretation: The Fine Art of Music Alexander Glazunoff Study of Theodore Thomas Paderewski on Piano Teaching and Study Business Details in Music Teaching Publicity I Pray Thee Have Me Excused: Some of the Reasons Pupils Give for Changing Their Instructors Training in Musical Taste Cranky Parent Prime Factors in Students\u27 Progresshttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1499/thumbnail.jp

Volume 22, Number 10 (October 1904)

Making of an Artist: A Talk with Josef Hofmann Music a Part of the Individual\u27s Life Musical Matters in the Daily Press—The Student\u27s Choice Psychology of Music: Where Feeling Comes In Some Notes on Stephen Heller What Shall We Do with Girl Pupils! Harmonic Perception Musician-Teacher as a Financier Ear Training in Melody and Harmonyhttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1496/thumbnail.jp

Volume 18, Number 12 (December 1900)

Is Wagner Wearisome? Richard Wagner Has Europe Discovered A Great Pedagogue? Romantic Story of Wagner\u27s Life Suggestions for Wagner Study Wagner and Operatic Reform Present State of the Wagner Question Wagneriana Memory Among the Blind Literature of Wagner Wagner\u27s Influence on Piano Composition Outline Sketch of Richard Wagner\u27s Life Wagner Craze Wagner\u27s Harmonic Methods How to Meet the New In Art Outline Sketch of Wagner\u27s Operas Popularization of Wagner\u27s Music Esthetic Value of Wagner\u27s Works True Spirit of Advanced Studyhttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1018/thumbnail.jp

Volume 19, Number 11 (November 1901)

Musician Abroad: Some French and Scottish Characteristics Death of Frederic Archer Texts for Musical Setting Higher Duty of Teaching Conservatory or Studio? Object of Practice Exact Thinking in Music-Study Teacher\u27s Influence: Its Effect on the Community Advantages of Concert Going Should We Use Classical or Popular Music? Why the Piano is Unpopular Pupils\u27 Recitals as an Aid to Character Building Prices According to Sizehttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1464/thumbnail.jp

The Battle of Olustee (Ocean Pond) Florida

This account of the battle of Olustee has been prepared at the invitation of the Florida Historical Society from the reports contained in War of the Rebellion, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. A careful study of this source leaves one unsatisfied where the aim has been to arrive at definite facts of such nature as would enable a fairly complete record to be offered. It is undoubtedly true that these official records must give more accurate and complete information than any others, since the reports were generally made within a few days after the events occurred and have the sanction of official responsibility for accuracy and completeness. Yet that which is sought does not exist. Purported facts relating to the same occurrence are greatly at variance, while important elements necessary for analyzing and deducing other facts are entirely missing

Volume 20, Number 07 (July 1902)

Edward Macdowell on the Relations of Music and Poetry Inter-Relation of Touch and Tone Effect Aphorisms by Theodore Gouvy Borodine\u27s Account of Liszt\u27s Playing Feeling of Rhythm Pedagogic Gleanings Selectec by Heinrich Germer Education of the Listener Octave Playing and Its Technicr Analysis of Grieg\u27s Berceuse, Op.28, No. 1https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/1471/thumbnail.jp