7 research outputs found
Differences between risk perception and risk-taking are related to impulsivity levels
Background
Although there is broad agreement that perceived risks determine risk-taking behavior, previous research has shown that this association may not be as straightforward as expected. The main objective of this study was to investigate if the levels of impulsivity can explain part of these controversial findings.
Method
A total of 1579 participants (Mage = 23.06, from 18 to 60 years; 69.4% women) were assessed for levels of risk perception, risk-taking avoidance, and impulsivity.
Results
The results showed that while impulsivity was significantly and negatively related to both risk perception and risk-taking avoidance, the relationship with risk-taking avoidance was significantly stronger than with risk perception. The levels of impulsivity predicted risk-taking avoidance even when controlling for risk perception.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that impulsivity can differentially affect risk perception and risk-taking. We propose that the stronger influence of impulsivity on risk-taking is due to the greater reliance of risk-taking, compared with risk perception, on automatic processes guided by impulses and emotions.This research has been funded by the Regional Ministry of Economy and Knowledge, Junta de Andaluc铆a, to Alberto Meg铆as Robles (UMA18-FEDERJA-13 and EMERGIA20_00056)
Differences between risk perception and risk-taking are related to impulsivity levels
Background
Although there is broad agreement that perceived risks determine risk-taking behavior, previous research has shown that this association may not be as straightforward as expected. The main objective of this study was to investigate if the levels of impulsivity can explain part of these controversial findings.
Method
A total of 1579 participants (Mage = 23.06, from 18 to 60 years; 69.4% women) were assessed for levels of risk perception, risk-taking avoidance, and impulsivity.
Results
The results showed that while impulsivity was significantly and negatively related to both risk perception and risk-taking avoidance, the relationship with risk-taking avoidance was significantly stronger than with risk perception. The levels of impulsivity predicted risk-taking avoidance even when controlling for risk perception.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that impulsivity can differentially affect risk perception and risk-taking. We propose that the stronger influence of impulsivity on risk-taking is due to the greater reliance of risk-taking, compared with risk perception, on automatic processes guided by impulses and emotions.Regional Ministry of Economy and Knowledge, Junta de Andalucia UMA18-FEDERJA-13
EMERGIA20_0005
There Is More to Mindfulness Than Emotion Regulation: A Study on Brain Structural Networks
This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy,
Industry, and Competitiveness (PSI2016-80558-R to ACa); and a
postdoctoral contract of the university of Granada (to SB).We would also like to thank the support of the Andalusian
Regional Government, and the European Regional Development
Fund (ERDF), to the Brain, Behavior, and Health, scientific
excellence unit (SC2), ref: SOMM17/6103/UGR.Dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation are two psychological constructs closely interrelated, and both appear to improve with the long-term practice of mindfulness meditation. These constructs appear to be related to subcortical, prefrontal, and posterior brain areas involved in emotional processing, cognitive control, self-awareness, and mind wandering. However, no studies have yet discerned the neural basis of dispositional mindfulness that are minimally associated with emotion regulation. In the present study, we use a novel brain structural network analysis approach to study the relationship between structural networks and dispositional mindfulness, measured with two different and widely used instruments [Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)], taking into account the effect of emotion regulation difficulties. We observed a number of different brain regions associated with the different scales and dimensions. The total score of FFMQ and MAAS overlap with the bilateral parahippocampal and fusiform gyri. Additionally, MAAS scores were related to the bilateral hippocampus and the FFMQ total score to the right insula and bilateral amygdala. These results indicate that, depending on the instrument used, the characteristics measured could differ and could also involve different brain systems. However, it seems that brain areas related to emotional reactivity and semantic processing are generally related to Dispositional or trait mindfulness (DM), regardless of the instrument used.Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness
PSI2016-80558-Runiversity of Granad
Gray Matter atrophy is associated with functional connectivity reorganization during the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) execution in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Treball Fi de Grau corresponent a la titulaci贸 de Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs 2013-2014Objective: To explore the relationship between the gray matter (GM) atrophy and functional reorganization in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during the execution to the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Methods: Seventeen MS patients and fifteen healthy controls (HC) were selected for the study. Atrophy was explored using a voxel based morphometry (VBM) analysis and connectivity changes related to atrophy were explored using the Psycho-Physiological Interactions (PPI) analysis. Group differences and correlations with PASAT performance and radiological variables were also examined. Results: GM atrophy in MS patients was circumscribed to the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG)/precuneus. As compared to HC, MS patients showed stronger connectivity between the left PCG/precuneus and the middle temporal gyrus and left cerebellum. HC showed negative correlation between PASAT scores and connectivity while lower connectivity in all subjects as a whole were correlated with high levels of Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF). Conclusions: MS patients in early stages of the disease and low brain damage presented higher connectivity levels during the execution to the PASAT, as interpreted as neuroplasticity processes that helps to preserve the cognitive functions
Gray matter atrophy is associated with funcional connectivity reorganization during the Pasat Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) execution in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Background and purpose:
We explored the relationship between gray matter atrophy and reorganization of functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis patients during execution of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).
Materials and methods:
Seventeen patients and 15 healthy controls were selected for the study. Atrophy was determined using voxel-based morphometry, and atrophy-related connectivity changes were assessed using psychophysiological interaction analysis. Group differences, and correlations with PASAT performance and radiological variables were also examined.
Results:
Gray matter atrophy in MS patients was circumscribed to the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus. Compared with controls, patients showed stronger connectivity between the left posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus, and the left middle temporal gyrus and left cerebellum. A regression analysis in controls showed a negative correlation between PASAT scores and functional connectivity between: (1) the left posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus, and left pre/postcentral gyri and left occipital gyrus, and (2) the right posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus, and bilateral cerebellum and left pre/postcentral gyri. Patients showed a negative correlation between brain parenchymal fraction and functional connectivity between the left posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus and left cerebellum.
Conclusion:
Patients with early MS and little brain damage presented more connectivity during PASAT execution, which may be interpreted as compensatory processes that help preserve cognitive functions.This
work
was
supported
by
the
Brainglot
project
of
the
CONSOLIDER-INGENIO
2010
Program
(grant
number
CSD2007-00012),
a
grant
from
MINECO
(PSI2010-20168),
a
grant
from
Universitat
Jaume
I
(P1
路
1B2011-09),
and
an
edu-
cational
grant
from
Biogen
Idec
to
CA
Psicothema
Resumen tomado de la publicaci贸nValidaci贸n de la versi贸n espa帽ola de la escala de toma de riesgos en dominios espec铆ficos (DOSPERT-30). Antecedentes: la escala de toma de riesgos en dominios espec铆ficos (DOSPERT-30) eval煤a la propensi贸n a comportamientos de riesgo, la percepci贸n del riesgo y los beneficios esperados en 5 dominios (茅tica, finanzas, salud/seguridad, recreativo y social). El objetivo del presente estudio fue validar una versi贸n espa帽ola de esta escala. M茅todo: tras realizar la adaptaci贸n mediante una traducci贸n inversa se aplic贸 el cuestionario a 826 participantes. Se explor贸 la relaci贸n con otros instrumentos (UPPS-P y SSS) y la estructura interna para aportar evidencias de validez. Se calcul贸 el coeficiente de fiabilidad ordinal para cada dimensi贸n y diferencias de g茅nero fueron consideradas. Resultados: se obtuvieron 铆ndices adecuados de ajuste a una estructura pentafactorial. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad para cada dimensi贸n fueron adecuados. Con respecto a las evidencias de validez, se encontr贸 relaci贸n con los factores de b煤squeda de sensaciones y urgencia positiva (UPPS-P) y con b煤squeda de emociones y desinhibici贸n (SSS). Las diferencias de g茅nero mostraron que los hombres tomaron m谩s riesgos, percibieron menos riesgo y esperaron m谩s beneficios en todos los dominios, exceptuando el social, donde la relaci贸n fue inversa. Conclusiones: la versi贸n espa帽ola del DOSPERT-30 presenta buenas propiedades psicom茅tricas y puede considerarse un buen instrumento para el estudio del comportamiento de riesgo.Universidad de Oviedo. Biblioteca de Psicolog铆a; Plaza Feijoo, s/n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126; [email protected]