Influence of design and construction on building durability and maintenance

Uzročnik nevaljalog stanja objekta i gradiva nije jedino starost objekta. Postoje drugi čimbenici odnosno pogreške koji uvjetuju nevaljalo stanje objekta i potrebu za dodatnim mjerama održavanja i poboljšanja. Ovi čimbenici izravno su povezani s načinom projektiranja i izvedbe odnosno pogreškama koje pri tome nastaju, a čiji uzročnici su sudionici u gradnji. Ove pogreške vidljive su u obliku pukotina, promjene boje i sastava gradiva te samog urušavanja, vrlo brzo nakon završetka objekta. U radu su prikazani primjeri izbora statičkog sustava objekta s ciljem umanjenja mogućnosti nastanka pogreške u završenom objektu. Dodatno, navedene su i objašnjene najčešće vrste istih te su dane smjernice za njihovo sprječavanjeThe time is not the only factor influencing the poor condition of the building and built in materials. There are other factors or flaws that condition the poor building state and the necessity for increased measures for maintenance and rehabilitation. Those factors are related to design and construction process of the building i. e. to flaws made in it, and they are caused by participants in construction. In a very short time after the building is constructed, those flaws are observed in the form of cracks, changed material structure and color, up to very collapse itself. In this paper an example is given about the proper selection of the structural system with aim to reduce the probability of flaws appearance in complete building. Additionally, the most common types of flaws are stated

ALLOCATION OF COSTS FROM COST ESTIMATE ITEMS TO ACTIVITIES IN SCHEDULE

U diplomskom radu se analizira raspodjela novčanih iznosa iz stavki troškovnika na aktivnosti u planu. Na temelju odabranih troškovnika dvijuobiteljskih kuća i jedne jednog javnog objekta vrtića izrađena je struktura radova i utvrđene su liste aktivnosti. U svakoj listi aktivnosti naznačeno je u kojem slučaju je stavka troškovnika jednaka aktivnosti u planu, a u kojem slučaju se stavka troškovnika podijelila na više aktivnosti u planu. Na temelju lista aktivnosti izrađeni su dinamički planovi. Troškovi radova pridruženi su aktivnostima u planu vodeći računa da ugovoreni iznos stavki troškovnika odgovara sumi troškova aktivnosti u planu. Zaključuje se da se stavke troškovnika dijele na više aktivnosti u planu u slučaju složenih stavki, onih koje u opisu i obračunu troškova obuhvaćaju više grupa radova. U obrađenim primjerima su to betonski radovi, tesarski radovi, zidarski radovi i armirački radovi, a radovi koji se ne dijele su zemljani radovi, krovopokrivački radovi i limarski radovi.The graduation thesis analyzes the distribution of monetary amounts from cost items to activities in the plan. Based on the selected cost estimates of two family houses and one building of kindergaten, the structure of works was prepared and lists of activities were determined. Each list of activities indicates in which case the cost item is equal to the activity in the plan, and in which case the cost item was divided into several activities in the plan. Based on the list of activities, dynamic plans were made. The costs of the works are associated with the activities in the plan, taking into account that the agreed amount of the cost items corresponds to the sum of the costs of the activities in the plan. It is concluded that the cost items are divided into several activities in the plan in the case of complex items, those that in the description and calculation of costs include several groups of works. In the processed examples, these are concrete works, carpentry works, masonry works and reinforcement works, and the works that are not divided are earthworks, roofing works and sheet metal works

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES OF SUSPENDED, SUPPORTED AND REINFORCED BRIDGES

Ovaj rad obrađuje statički određene sustave, langerove grede, ovješene i poduprte sustave koji se načešće primjenjuju u mostogradnji. Navedeni statički sustavi bit će opterećeni s pet tipova opterećenja od kojih su dva simetrična i dva antisimetrična te sila koja djeluje indirektno. Napravit ćemo analizu za te modele te pokazati utjecaj načina djelovanja opterećenja na odgovore ovih sustava i utjecaj statičkog sustava na odgovore.This work analyzes static determined systems, langers, suspended and supported beams who have most used in building bridges. This systems will be loaded with five type of load of which is two simtric and two antisimetric and force who work indirectly. This work will have analyzes for this static systems and show influence way of action this load on this systems and influence of static systems on this loads

Allocation of costs from cost estimate items to activities in schedule

U diplomskom radu se analizira raspodjela novčanih iznosa iz stavki troškovnika na aktivnosti u planu. Na temelju odabranih troškovnika dvijuobiteljskih kuća i jedne jednog javnog objekta vrtića izrađena je struktura radova i utvrđene su liste aktivnosti. U svakoj listi aktivnosti naznačeno je u kojem slučaju je stavka troškovnika jednaka aktivnosti u planu, a u kojem slučaju se stavka troškovnika podijelila na više aktivnosti u planu. Na temelju lista aktivnosti izrađeni su dinamički planovi. Troškovi radova pridruženi su aktivnostima u planu vodeći računa da ugovoreni iznos stavki troškovnika odgovara sumi troškova aktivnosti u planu. Zaključuje se da se stavke troškovnika dijele na više aktivnosti u planu u slučaju složenih stavki, onih koje u opisu i obračunu troškova obuhvaćaju više grupa radova. U obrađenim primjerima su to betonski radovi, tesarski radovi, zidarski radovi i armirački radovi, a radovi koji se ne dijele su zemljani radovi, krovopokrivački radovi i limarski radovi.The graduation thesis analyzes the distribution of monetary amounts from cost items to activities in the plan. Based on the selected cost estimates of two family houses and one building of kindergaten, the structure of works was prepared and lists of activities were determined. Each list of activities indicates in which case the cost item is equal to the activity in the plan, and in which case the cost item was divided into several activities in the plan. Based on the list of activities, dynamic plans were made. The costs of the works are associated with the activities in the plan, taking into account that the agreed amount of the cost items corresponds to the sum of the costs of the activities in the plan. It is concluded that the cost items are divided into several activities in the plan in the case of complex items, those that in the description and calculation of costs include several groups of works. In the processed examples, these are concrete works, carpentry works, masonry works and reinforcement works, and the works that are not divided are earthworks, roofing works and sheet metal works

ALLOCATION OF COSTS FROM COST ESTIMATE ITEMS TO ACTIVITIES IN SCHEDULE

U diplomskom radu se analizira raspodjela novčanih iznosa iz stavki troškovnika na aktivnosti u planu. Na temelju odabranih troškovnika dvijuobiteljskih kuća i jedne jednog javnog objekta vrtića izrađena je struktura radova i utvrđene su liste aktivnosti. U svakoj listi aktivnosti naznačeno je u kojem slučaju je stavka troškovnika jednaka aktivnosti u planu, a u kojem slučaju se stavka troškovnika podijelila na više aktivnosti u planu. Na temelju lista aktivnosti izrađeni su dinamički planovi. Troškovi radova pridruženi su aktivnostima u planu vodeći računa da ugovoreni iznos stavki troškovnika odgovara sumi troškova aktivnosti u planu. Zaključuje se da se stavke troškovnika dijele na više aktivnosti u planu u slučaju složenih stavki, onih koje u opisu i obračunu troškova obuhvaćaju više grupa radova. U obrađenim primjerima su to betonski radovi, tesarski radovi, zidarski radovi i armirački radovi, a radovi koji se ne dijele su zemljani radovi, krovopokrivački radovi i limarski radovi.The graduation thesis analyzes the distribution of monetary amounts from cost items to activities in the plan. Based on the selected cost estimates of two family houses and one building of kindergaten, the structure of works was prepared and lists of activities were determined. Each list of activities indicates in which case the cost item is equal to the activity in the plan, and in which case the cost item was divided into several activities in the plan. Based on the list of activities, dynamic plans were made. The costs of the works are associated with the activities in the plan, taking into account that the agreed amount of the cost items corresponds to the sum of the costs of the activities in the plan. It is concluded that the cost items are divided into several activities in the plan in the case of complex items, those that in the description and calculation of costs include several groups of works. In the processed examples, these are concrete works, carpentry works, masonry works and reinforcement works, and the works that are not divided are earthworks, roofing works and sheet metal works