37 research outputs found

    Oppositional Journalism in Turkey: The Yarin Newspaper

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    Yarın gazetesinin yayınlandığı dönemlerde Türk basın tarihi bir asırlık bir ömrü tamamlamış bulunmaktaydı. Fakat yaşanan gelişmeler basını sık sık başlangıç noktasına geri götürdü. İlk gazete de birçok yenilik gibi Batının etkisinde çıkartıldı. Türkiye, bir taraftan yenilikleri yerleştirmeye katkıda bulunan, diğer taraftan kamuoyu oluşturma aracı olan ilk basın organları ile tanışmaya başladı. Basın-yayın geliştikçe de basını yakından ilgilendiren düzenlemeler geldi. Bazen basın özgürlüğü lehine bazı yasal düzenlemeler yapılırken, bazen de yasaklamalarla karşılaşıldı. Türk basını, Milli Mücadele dönemine amir düzenleme olarak 1909 tarihli matbuat kanunu ile girdi. Bu dönemde basın organları temelde ikiye ayrıldılar. Bir kısmı milli mücadeleyi destekleyenlerden oluşurken, diğer kısmını ise milli mücadele karşısındakilerden oluşmaktaydı. Basını, Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra hükümet yanlıları ve muhalif basın olarak adlandırılabilecek Ankara ve İstanbul basını olarak ikiye ayırabiliriz. 1925 Takrir-i Sükûn Kanunu ile basın sıkı bir şekilde denetim altına alındı. Bundan birkaç yıl sonra basında muhalif sesler yeniden çıkmaya başladı. Cumhuriyet Türkiye'sinin ikinci çok partili siyasal yaşam denemesinin gerçekleştirdiği Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası denemesi sırasında tekrar muhalefet basını oluştu. 1931 tarihli yeni basın kanunu ile basındaki muhalif sesler tekrar kısıldı. Bu durum 1946 yılına kadar devam etti. İkinci dünya savaşının sonucunda oluşan yeni dengeler gereği basında yeniden farklı sesler çıkmaya başladı.History of Turkish journalism had completed a life of a century during the eras in wich the Yarin Newspaper was being published, but the developments often took the journalism to the starting point. Like the other developments, the first newspaper was published under the influence of the West. Turkish society started to meet the first press media wich on the one hand contributed to accommodating the innovations and on the other hand created public opinion. As the press-media developed, the regulations regarding the press were made. While some legal regulations were created in favor of freedom of press, sometimes there were some cencorship and bans. Turkish press-media entered the period of National Independence War with the Press Law dated 1909 as a principle regulation. During this period press-media were separated into two. Some supported the national independence movement, whereas the others opposed it. We can also separate the Turkish press-media after the declarition of the Turkish Republic into two: Ankara and Istanbul press, wich can be called pro-goverment and oppositional press. With the 'Takrir-i Sükûn' Law, dated 1925, the Turkish press-media was controlled heavily. Nevertheless, oppositional voices started to increase after few years. Oppositional press-media was formed during the period of 'Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası' in wich multi-party political life was experienced for the second time in Republican Turkey. With the new press law, dated 1931, oppositional voices in press-media were supressed. This situation continued until 1946. As a result of the new balances wich were formed after the end of the WWII, the different voices started to increase again

    THE RELATIONSHIP BEETWEEN R&D AND EXPORT DECISION OF TURKISH FIRMS

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    13th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development (ESD) -- APR 14-16, 2016 -- Barcelona, SPAINWOS: 000389417100064The relationship between Research and Development (R&D) decision has been of great interest in the firm level studies. Expanding R&D expenditure within firms is regarded as one of the main strategies to deal with globalization challenge. Theoretical and empirical studies link a positive relationship between R&D ability and export capability of firms. This paper focuses on two types of relationships depicted in literature. In the first place we attempt to examine how the firm's R&D decision and export decision are determined based on the firm's specific characteristics, namely labor productivity, firm size, age, skill, capital intensity, and foreign ownership of the company. Secondly, we consider the interaction between R&D and export decisions for Turkish manufacturing firms, using World Bank Enterprise Survey, conducted in a cross-section study of 2013 through face to face interviews. To test the aforementioned relationships, we utilize Bivariate Probit estimation approach. This method is particularly useful for taking the consideration of two-dimensional nature of the data. Our main findings present that R&D and the firm's export decision are positively correlated in Turkey. Besides government subsidies increase the probability of firm's export decision as expected. Furthermore, both export and R&D decisions differ on the basis of firm characteristics.Varazdin Dev & Entrepreneurship Agcy, Univ

    IMPACT OF OIL PRICE ON TURKISH MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES

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    13th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development (ESD) -- APR 14-16, 2016 -- Barcelona, SPAINWOS: 000389417100001Turkish economy is heavily dependent on oil and natural gas, as the latest figures from International Energy Agency (IEA) show that Turkey imports 90% of its total liquid fuels. Therefore a more volatile oil price can have consequences on macroeconomic variables in Turkey. It is empirically evident that an increase in oil prices followed by deterioration in macro economic variables while a decrease in oil price has relatively lower expansionary effect on macro economic variables. This paper analyzes the economic effects of oil price on the major Turkish macro economic variables, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) on the basis of quarterly data from 2003Q1 to 2015Q3. Firstly, ADF, KPSS, PP unit root tests and Zivot-Andrews, Lumsdaine Papell unit root tests allowing for structural breaks are used to characterize the time series. Additionally, Granger causality test is performed to give a clearer picture of how these variables are related. The results show that Gross Domestic Product, Oil Price and Consumer Price Index are stationary, while Real Effective Exchange Rate have unit root in Turkey. Test results indicate that, there is a casual relationship from oil price to GDP and to CPI. Furthermore, there exist a bidirectional causality between GDP and CPI in Turkey.Varazdin Dev & Entrepreneurship Agcy, Univ

    The relationship between FDI, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption in Asia-Pacific economic cooperation countries

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    This paper investigates the relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investment for a sample of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Countries (APEC) countries from 1981:Q1 to 2021:Q1 employing panel data methodology. We identify cross-sectional dependence and hence utilize the cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller panel unit root test for appropriate estimation. The cointegration test developed by Westerlund (2008) reveals a long-run equilibrium between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investment. Long-run parameter estimates based on Common Correlated Effect Mean Group indicate that an increase in FDI inflows has a negative impact on air quality, supporting the pollution haven hypothesis. The cointegration test results also show that the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on CO2 emissions varies by country in the estimation sample. In contrast to the mixed evidence on the effects of other variables, the increase in energy consumption is positively and significantly affecting CO2 emissions in all APEC countries. Emirmahmutoglu and Kose Econ Model 28:870-876, (2011)'s panel causality test results show a bidirectional relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions in Japan. Furthermore, there is a bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and energy consumption in Australia, China, Japan, and Singapore. Overall, empirical evidence suggests that APEC countries should adhere to strict regulations and invest in environmental-friendly clean technologies to attract foreign direct investment

    Are long-run income and price elasticities of oil demand time-varying? New evidence from BRICS countries

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    This study investigates and estimates long-run time-varying income and price elasticities of oil demand in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). A time-varying cointegration (TVC) approach allowing for the smooth changes in the parameters is employed, using quarterly data covering the period from 1990:Q1 to 2018:Q4. TVC tests confirm the variation in the long-run parameters over time for all countries by rejecting the null hypothesis of time-invariant cointegration. Moreover, results reveal that time-varying parameters of income and oil prices are inelastic for all counties' oil markets. BRICS's oil demand is significantly affected by the real economic activity, although the evidence on inelastic income implies oil as a necessary commodity. The sign of time-varying price elasticities implies oil as an ordinary good for Brazil, Russia, and China whereas an inferior good in some intervals for India and South Africa. The evidence on the insignificance of price elasticities in most of the analysis periods indicates that regulation of oil product prices cannot control domestic oil demand. Hence, one can infer that taxes imposed on petroleum product prices are not an effective policy instrument to reduce greenhouse emissions. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

    Evaluation of Cardiac Functions of Patients with Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome

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    We sought to investigate whether echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging identifies myocardial dysfunction in children with benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS). This cross-sectional study enrolled 75 children with BJHS and 70 healthy children. We performed detailed echocardiography in individuals with BJHS without inherited connective tissue disorders. Any congenital or acquired cardiac disease was excluded by clinical and echocardiographic examination. Both groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and body mass index. The diameter of the aortic annulus and sinus valsalva were wider in patients with BJHS. There was no significant differences in ejection fraction or mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion between the two groups. Pulsed-wave Doppler-derived E/A ratios in mitral and tricuspid valves were similar in both groups. Deceleration time of early mitral inflow was prolonged in patients with BJHS. Mitral and tricuspid annulus Ea velocity were significantly lower in children with BJHS. Ea, Aa, and Ea/Aa ratios in the interventricular septum, left ventricle posterior wall, and right ventricle free wall were lower in patients with BJHS than in the control group. The E/Ea ratio was greater in patients with BJHS than in the control group. Isovolumic relaxation time and right-ventricular (RV) and left-ventricular (LV) myocardial performance indices (MPIs) were greater in patients with BJHS. This study showed the diastolic dysfunction in patients with BJHS. In addition, we detected increased LV and RV MPI. We believe that BJHS may affect proteins of the myocardial cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

    A rare cause of acute abdominal distention: opening of the pancreatic duct into hydatic cyst

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    WOS: 000390310900027PubMed ID: 27606660Introduction. Hydatid cyst, which is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is mostly seen in the liver and lungs although it may also rarely be found in any organ or soft tissue. This study presents an interesting case of pancreatic hydatid cyst in which the pancreatic duct opened into this cyst. Case report. A 10-year-old boy presented to our clinic with significant abdominal distension and pain in the epigastric region which had started 10 days previously. Serum amylase level was 3709 U/L and hemagglutination inhibition for hydatid disease was 1/160. At abdominal computed tomography, two separate lesions and ascites were determined, a CE2 hydatid cyst in the region of the tail of the pancreas and a CE1 hydatid cyst in the left lobe of the liver. Percutaneous drainage was applied to the cyst in the pancreatic tail, and the patient was started on albendazole. The drainage catheter was removed, and the patient has since been followed-up on an outpatient basis with no complications

    Percutaneous cholecystostomy for delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis: analysis of a single-centre experience and literature review

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    Introduction : Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has been used as a relatively safe and efficient temporising measure in the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in high-risk patients with serious co-morbidity and in elderly patients. Aim : To assess the effectiveness, possible advantages, and complication of delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) following PC in patients with AC. Material and methods : A total of 52 LC for AC were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of patients who had PC followed by LC (PCLC group, n = 12), and the second group consisted of patients who had conservative treatment followed by LC (non-PCLC group, n = 40). Eight of these patients were males and four were female. The groups were statistically compared regarding their demographic, comorbidity, hospital stay, conservation, and complication rates. PC was performed via the transhepatic route under ultrasound guidance using local anaesthesia. Results : Percutaneous cholecystostomy was technically successful in 12 patients with no attributable mortality or major complications. Upon the regression of cholecystitis and the decrease in APACHE-II scores, the PC catheter was unplugged and elective LC was scheduled for after 8 weeks. Ninety-two percent had complete resolution of symptoms within 48 h of intervention while 8% had partial resolution. All of the patients in PCLC and non-PCLC groups recovered well from cholecystectomy. Conclusions : This study suggests that PCLC would not significantly improve the outcome of LC as assessed by conversion and morbidity rate and hospital stay compared with non-PCLC. Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a valid alternative for patients with acute cholecystitis. And our study shows that the laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a good option in high-risk patients who have been treated by percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis
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