Smith Wright Mercantile Store Ledger 1841 – 1845: Documenting the Content and History of Archival Materials

While earning a Graduate Certificate in Archives and Special Collections through The University of Southern Mississippi, a practicum at an archive or special collection was required. This obligation was fulfilled at the Billups-Garth Archives in the Local History Room of the Columbus-Lowndes Public Library in Columbus, Mississippi, during the spring of 2012. As part of the practicum requirements, archival collections were processed and research was conducted to document the context and history of a specific collection that is the focus of this study

Strawberry growth and fruit characteristics in response to coal bottom ash root media

Commercial production of strawberry fruit during the off season offers greenhouse operators an alternative crop. Quality of such fruit may be influenced by production system. A series of studies evaluated various aspects of greenhouse production of strawberry fruit. In a study of commercially available strawberry seed rate of germination for cv. \u27Sweetheart\u27, was enhanced by cutting the seed coat. Total germinated after 20 days was equal for the cut, the 4x and 8x sand paper scarification treatments. For cv. \u27Fresca\u27 the germination percentage was higher in plugs with Sunshine plug mix and Grodan Orchid Greenmix when compared to rockwool (RW) and rockwool plus coal bottom ash (CBA). In a nutriculture study of cv. \u27Fresca\u27 strawberries, vegetative growth was enhanced in CBA compared to RW. The next study of nutriculture grown cv. \u27Fresca\u27 found no significant differences in production measurements (days to first flower, days to first fruit, total number of flowers, and primary fruit fresh weight) due to substrate or nutrient solution strength. This study also found that color characteristics, internal/external chroma and hue, were responsive to both substrate and nutrient solution strength. The cv. \u27Fresca\u27 leaf and petiole tissue analysis showed above the recommended levels for calcium, boron, iron, manganese. Boron increased significantly in the Ft. Martin CBA grown plants. Repeating the nutriculture study with Ft. Martin CBA and RW control with commercially available cultivars (Cardinal, Crimson King, Earliglow, Honeoye, Surecrop, and Ozark Beauty) the number of crowns, number of leaves per plant, and fruit color measurements were determined by cultivar. Leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and leaf dry weight were reduced by the CBA. Leaf and petiole tissue analysis found supra-optimal levels of boron in all samples except \u27Earliglow\u27 in rockwool which had reduced boron. Gas chromatography flavor analysis for cv. \u27Fresca\u27 found the Pleasants and Ft. Martin CBA grown strawberries to be completely different from those grown in Albright CBA and the RW control. Cultivars, Cardinal and Honeoye, exhibited interaction with the media for flavor profiles. These studies show strawberry plant responses to varied cultural conditions and indicate the need for further nutrient/media studies and their link with flavor compound production

Liquids: Laterals and Rhotics or Much More?

In phonology the classic division within the sonorant consonants is between nasal and liquid. Nasals by the nature of their articulation are easy to define and have generated a substantial literature (Cohn 1993, Piggott 1992, Huffman & Krakow 1993 among many others). Liquids are by contrast more difficult to define, demonstrate greater phonetic variability and there is far less literature on this class of segments,(Dixon 1972, Bhat 1975, Walsh Dickey 1997). This paper explores whether liquids can be defined both phonologically and phonetically and explores the link between representation and realisation of these sounds. In our discussion, we pay particular attention to the category “liquid” considering recent work on liquids (Walsh Dickey,1997 ) and how they elucidate our understanding of sonorants. We also present our own data from Woods Cree, an Algonquian language spoken in Canada. The data from this language raises interesting issues concerning potential mismatches between phonetics and phonology. This language traditionally lacks a liquid in its phonemic inventory and has clear evidence for a voiced dental fricative patterning as a non-nasal sonorant. Our findings suggest that non -nasal sonorant consonants need not be restricted to liquids and propose a number of possibilities as to the categorisation of these segments. We end our paper with a number of research questions that need to be addressedIn phonology the classic division within the sonorant consonants is between nasal and liquid. Nasals by the nature of their articulation are easy to define and have generated a substantial literature (Cohn 1993, Piggott 1992, Huffman & Krakow 1993 among many others). Liquids are by contrast more difficult to define, demonstrate greater phonetic variability and there is far less literature on this class of segments,(Dixon 1972, Bhat 1975, Walsh Dickey 1997). This paper explores whether liquids can be defined both phonologically and phonetically and explores the link between representation and realisation of these sounds. In our discussion, we pay particular attention to the category "liquid" considering recent work on liquids (Walsh Dickey,1997 ) and how they elucidate our understanding of sonorants. We also present our own data from Woods Cree, an Algonquian language spoken in Canada. The data from this language raises interesting issues concerning potential mismatches between phonetics and phonology. This language traditionally lacks a liquid in its phonemic inventory and has clear evidence for a voiced dental fricative patterning as a non-nasal sonorant. Our findings suggest that non -nasal sonorant consonants need not be restricted to liquids and propose a number of possibilities as to the categorisation of these segments. We end our paper with a number of research questions that need to be addressedn phonology the classic division within the sonorant consonants is between nasal and liquid. Nasals by the nature of their articulation are easy to define and have generated a substantial literature (Cohn 1993, Piggott 1992, Huffman & Krakow 1993 among many others). Liquids are by contrast more difficult to define, demonstrate greater phonetic variability and there is far less literature on this class of segments,(Dixon 1972, Bhat 1975, Walsh Dickey 1997). This paper explores whether liquids can be defined both phonologically and phonetically and explores the link between representation and realisation of these sounds. In our discussion, we pay particular attention to the category “liquid” considering recent work on liquids (Walsh Dickey,1997 ) and how they elucidate our understanding of sonorants. We also present our own data from Woods Cree, an Algonquian language spoken in Canada. The data from this language raises interesting issues concerning potential mismatches between phonetics and phonology. This language traditionally lacks a liquid in its phonemic inventory and has clear evidence for a voiced dental fricative patterning as a non-nasal sonorant. Our findings suggest that non -nasal sonorant consonants need not be restricted to liquids and propose a number of possibilities as to the categorisation of these segments. We end our paper with a number of research questions that need to be addresse

A SHORT NOTE ON CHANGES IN PRE-ASPIRATION IN WOODS CREE

Woods Cree has five pre-aspirated consonants which occur in coda position. While the coronal segments, ht and Jus, show little evidence of change, there is substantial evidence of weakening amongst the other three pre-aspirated segments. Data based on natural discourse with a small group of Woods Cree speakers show variation in the production of the pre-aspirated segments with hk and hp simplifying in one direction and hO in the other. This paper documents this change in the Woods Cree community of South Indian Lake, Manitoba

Lake St. Martin First Nation Community Members’ Experiences of Induced Displacement: “We’re like refugees”

In 2011, a massive flood occurred in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and provincial government officials decided to divert water to Lake St. Martin and First Nation land to protect urban, cottage, and agricultural properties. As a result of this artificial flood, all community members were evacuated, with infrastructures and housing at Lake St. Martin First Nation permanently destroyed. Three years later, 1,064 Lake St. Martin First Nation members reside in urban hotels and other temporary residences. Data from participatory videography and community workshops were analyzed using the sustainable livelihoods framework. Environmentally and developmentally induced displacement transformed an entire First Nation community into refugees in their homeland. Jurisdictional issues and racism prevented provisioning of services to meet their basic needs, help rebuild their lives, and relocate their community. Inclusive evacuation, relocation, and water-management policies and procedures are recommended.En 2011 a eu lieu une importante inondation dans la province canadienne du Manitoba. Les fonctionnaires du gouvernement provincial ont décidé de détourner les eaux vers le lac St-Martin et les terres des premières nations afin de protéger les propriétés urbaines, rurales et agricoles. En conséquence de cette inondation artificielle, tous les membres de la communauté ont été évacués, et les infrastructures et les habitations de la communauté autochtone du lac St-Martin ont été détruites de façon permanente. Trois ans plus tard, 1064 membres de la communauté autochtone du lac St-Martin habitent dans des hôtels urbains et d’autres habitations temporaires. Nous avons analysé les données de vidéographies participatives et des ateliers communautaires à l’aide d’une grille de moyen de subsistance durable. Les déplacements environnementaux et développementaux ont transformé toute une communauté autochtone en refugiés dans leur propre région. Des questions de juridictions et de racisme empêchent de fournir les services de base, d’aider à la reconstruction de leur vie, et de réinstaller leur communauté. Des évacuations inclusives, des déménagements, et des politiques et des procédures de gestion de l’eau sont recommandées

Service Quality in a Reduced payroll Environment: Applying Queuing Analysis to Customer Perception Case Study

This study was conducted in a national retail pharmacy company’s stores inWestern North Carolinato examine the impact of the reduction of store staffing, primarily pharmacists and service staff, on customers’ satisfaction with service time.    Customer arrival rates and service times for each queue were conducted to determine optimal staffing.  A random customer survey in multiple store locations provided customers’ perceptions of service quality. Analysis determined that over 30% of the customers surveyed were dissatisfied with service time. A regression analysis demonstrated a significant linear relationship (σ = 0.05) between total service time and customer satisfaction. Study results indicate that cutting staff could result in an unacceptable loss of a competitive advantage.  Payroll cost savings of less than $70,000 per year could result in lost revenue dollars in excess of$1,700,000 per year.  Thus reducing staff hours (decreasing payroll) in the short term may negatively impact long-term effectiveness and productivity

Single Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis Does Not Improve Vascular Endothelial Function in Chronically Treated Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Objective. To investigate vascular endothelial function (VEF) responses to a single low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis session in hypercholesterolemic patients undergoing chronic treatment. Methods. We measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), plasma lipids, vitamin E (α- and γ-tocopherol), markers of oxidative/nitrative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitro-γ-tocopherol (NGT)), and regulators of NO metabolism (arginine (ARG) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)) prior to (Pre) and immediately following (Post) LDL apheresis and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 d Post in 5 hypercholesterolemic patients (52 ± 11 y). Results. Relative to Pre, total cholesterol (7.8±1.5 mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol (6.2±1.2 mmol/L) were 61% and 70% lower (P<0.01), respectively, at Post and returned to Pre levels at 14 d. Brachial FMD responses (6.9 ± 3.6%) and plasma MDA, ARG, and ADMA concentrations were unaffected by LDL apheresis. Plasma α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and NGT concentrations were 52–69% lower at Post (P<0.01), and α-tocopherol remained 36% lower at 1 d whereas NGT remained 41% lower at d 3. Conclusions. Acute cholesterol reduction by LDL apheresis does not alter VEF, oxidative stress, or NO homeostasis in patients treated chronically for hypercholesterolemia

Influence of Primary Care Physician Availability and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Breast Cancer from 1988 to 2008: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. It is unclear how county-level primary care physician (PCP) availability and socioeconomic deprivation affect the spatial and temporal variation of breast cancer incidence and mortality.We used the 1988-2008 public-use county-based data from nine Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs to analyze the temporal and spatial disparity of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation on early-stage incidence, advanced-stage incidence and breast cancer mortality. The spatio-temporal analysis was implemented by a novel structural additive modeling approach.Greater PCP availability was significantly associated with higher early-stage incidence, advanced-stage incidence and mortality during the entire study period while socioeconomic deprivation was significantly negatively associated with early-stage incidence, advanced-stage incidence, and mortality up to 1992. However, the observed influence of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation varied by county.We showed important associations of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation with the three breast cancer indicators. However, the effect of these associations varied over time and across counties. The association of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation was stronger in selected counties

Research Priorities for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Long View

This article introduces the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Special Issue: Selected Papers From the 2022 Apraxia Kids Research Symposium. The field of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) has developed significantly in the past 15 years, with key improvements in understanding of basic biology including genetics, neuroscience, and computational modelling; development of diagnostic tools and methods; diversity of evidence-based interventions with increasingly rigorous experimental designs; and understanding of impacts beyond impairment-level measures. Papers in this special issue not only review and synthesize the some of the substantial progress to date but also present novel findings addressing critical research gaps and adding to the overall body of knowledge. A second aim of this prologue is to report the current research needs in CAS, which arose from symposium discussions involving researchers, clinicians, and Apraxia Kids community members (including parents of children with CAS). Four primary areas of need emerged from discussions at the symposium. These were: (a) What questions should we ask? (b) Who should be in the research? (c) How do we conduct the research? and (d) How do we move from research to practice? Across themes, symposium attendees emphasized the need for CAS research to better account for the diversity of people with CAS and improve the timeliness of implementation of high-level evidence-based practice across the lifespan. It is our goal that the articles and prologue discussion in this special issue provide an appreciation of advancements in CAS research and an updated view of the most pressing needs for future research

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication