Adaptation to temperature in caddis larvae (Trichoptera)

The occurrence of temperature acclimation was investigated in a range of caddis species. A closed bottle method was used for the majority of the respiration experiments, a flow-through respirometer being designed for the remaining experiments. Temperature acclimation was demonstrated in eight out of twelve species studied. Increased ability to compensate was associated with increased ecological distribution. The hydropsychids were shown to have a greater ability to acclimate than polycentropodids with similar distributions. No relationship was apparent between the interspecific differences in the respiration rate and the distribution of the species. For some species maintenance at a warmer temperature for 4-5 weeks caused a decrease in the undulatory activity of the larvae when compared, at a constant temperature, with larvae maintained at a cooler temperature. For eight of the ten species for which both sets of data were obtained the metabolic and undulatory data were compatible. A relationship between undulatory activity and distribution was suggested. For two cased caddis species a positive correlation was demonstrated between the number of gills and the body weight. Maintenance at the warmer of two temperatures over a period including a moult caused an increase in the number of gills on larvae and pupae. Intraspecific differences were found in the number of gills on larvae from different field sites, the number increasing with increased stream temperature. No relationship was demonstrated between the oxygen consumption of the larvae and the number of gills. No evidence was obtained for a difference in metabolism following maintenance of larvae at fluctuating temperatures of differing amplitudes. Decreased undulatory activity was demonstrated in larvae of Hydropsyche contubernalis maintained under conditions of greater temperature fluctuations. Field acclimatisation was demonstrated in two species, Sericostoma personatum and Potamophylax cingulatus, larvae from the warmer sites having a lower respiration rate than larvae of the same species from cooler sites, when both were measured at the same temperature

Good governance for sustainable WASH programming: lessons from two USAID-funded projects in Uganda

The USAID/Uganda Strengthening Decentralization for Sustainability (SDS) Program’s WASH component and the Northern Uganda Development of Enhanced Local Governance, Infrastructure, and Livelihoods (NUDEIL) Program brought innovative approaches to supplying WASH services and infrastructure through existing District Local Government systems in Southwestern and Northern Uganda respectively. The SDS Program’s WASH Component focused on increasing the flow of resources, both human and financial, into existing District programs. Increased numbers of trainers and informational resources for CLTS and hygiene education allowed Districts to increase their number of ODF communities. The NUDEIL program built infrastructure through the District Local Governments, all the way from planning to construction supervision. The program allowed war-affected Districts to build up their capacity for planning, procurement, engineering supervision, and training with technical guidance from the implementing partner to successfully complete a large number of water points, with trained hand pump mechanics and water user committees

Moving the Working Poor to Financial Self-Sufficiency

Working poor families face many barriers to financial self-sufficiency. In addition to information and skills leading to a better job, the working poor need information about federal, state, and community-level support available to them. This article provides an overview of the information needs of the working poor and offers five strategies Extension staff and others can use to facilitate the upward mobility of the working poor. The strategies include: 1) information outreach for the working poor, 2) information outreach for employers, 3) education and training for workers, 4) public awareness campaigns, and 5) collaborations for building community capacity

AMCIS 2002 Panels and Workshops III: How Will Media Technology Evolve as an Academic Discipline?

Media Technology (MT) is a new, multidisciplinary field that integrates the knowledge, expertise, resources, and creativity of diverse, established, fertile artistic disciplines (visual design, art, music, radio, television) with new technological disciplines (digital media, information systems, information technology, computer science, network engineering) through rapidly-evolving technologies. Its application in electronic commerce into what will become a full synthesis of information technology and sensory interaction will be made possible by approaches to presenting and exchanging information visually, aurally--and eventually in combination with all of the senses. This article reports on a panel held at AMCIS 2002 in Dallas TX. The panel discussed the need to develop a literacy and understanding in the IT discipline of the MT and its importance in keeping IT research relevant. The panel also discussed strategies for attaining MT literacy, integrating MT into the IT curriculum, and discussed two universities where it is being done

Call for transparency of COVID-19 models

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Expanding distribution of lethal amphibian fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in Europe

Emerging fungal diseases can drive amphibian species to local extinction. During 2010-2016, we examined 1,921 urodeles in 3 European countries. Presence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans at new locations and in urodeles of different species expands the known geographic and host range of the fungus and underpins its imminent threat to biodiversity