Understanding the Policy Drivers and Effects of Voting Age Reform

A common feature of debates about lowering the voting age to 16 has been an absence of analytical research which might explain the historical or contemporary policy drivers for voting age reform or its potential effects. The following chapter provides the first such attempt to fill this gap in the literature, establishing and then applying a thematic analytical framework to explain the drivers of voting age reform. It advances a thesis which argues that there are at least four thematic models that we can apply to enhance our understanding of the policy origins, justifications, and impacts for reforming the age of enfranchisement. The chapter applies these models to understand policy drivers informing voting age reform in the UK over the past 50 years or so. The chapter concludes that contemporary voting age reform draws on the same policy drivers but that they differ from previous reductions of the age of enfranchisement in their context and importance

Distinct nonrandom patterns of chromosomal deletions in giant-cell lesions of bone

Cytogenetic analyses were performed on a bone giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) and on three bone giant cell tumors (GCT). The present GCRG case is the second to be described cytogenetically. A modal chromosome number of 46 was observed in all samples. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were detected in all cases. The numerical alterations most frequently observed involved the loss of chromosomes 17 and 18. Among the structural anomalies observed, there was preferential involvement of chromosomes 6 and 10. Three GCT cases presented del(10)(p13) and two cases presented del(6)(q25) (1 GCRG and 1 GCT). These breakpoints mapped on 10p and 6q may harbour genes of importance in the development of bone giant cell tumors