A Norfolk gentlewoman and Lydgatian patronage: Lady Sibylle Boys and her cultural environment

A study of a medieval gentlewoman, Lady Sibylle Boys, and her cultural context, including her patronage of poetry by John Lydgate, the 'Epistle to Sibylle' and 'Treatise for Lauandres'

Richard Salthouse of Norwich and the scribe of the Book of Margery Kempe

“Salthows” or Salthouse has long been acknowledged as the scribe of the unique surviving manuscript of The Book of Margery Kempe. This article proposes a detailed biographical background of Salthouse, identified as Richard Salthouse of Norwich. The connections between Salthouse, Kempe, and the city of Norwich are explored, to deepen our understanding of the context in which Kempe’s reputation developed and the context in which the manuscript of the The Book of Margery Kempe was written

Reflections on Chaucer, Pedagogy, and the Profession of Medieval Studies

A discussion of diversity and UK Higher Education through the lens of Medieval Studies

THE CHARACTERISTICS. BEHAVIOUR AND HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTIVITY OF ESTUARINE SUSPENDED PARTICLES

Natural Environment Research Council Institute for Marine Environmental Research Prospect Place, The Hoe. Plymouth. U.K. PL1 3D

From Nidaros to Jerusalem; from Feginsbrekka to Mount Joy

An account of the phenomenon of the Montjoie or Mount Joy, from the Norwegian city of Trondheim to Jerusalem

Pilgrimage and textual culture

Pilgrimage formed a central motif of medieval culture and shaped a defining aesthetic of early literature. Despite this centrality, research remains in a preliminary state for many of the actual texts, manuscripts, and books connected to pilgrimage and how they contributed to the exchange and translation of knowledge and ideas. This special issue considers issues of reading and writing before, during, and after medieval pilgrimages, as well as the methodological and historical issues at stake for both pilgrim writers and modern scholars. In particular, the articles address the vexed issue of where—and how much—reading and writing took place around historically attested pilgrimages. By employing insights from literature, history, bibliography, geography, and anthropology, this collection aims not only to understand the past, but also to examine how current biases might affect interpretation of that past. From this multidisciplinary perspective, deeper insight is offered into how pilgrims’ libraries shaped not only pilgrimage, but medieval culture in general

A zone of preferential ion heating extends tens of solar radii from Sun

The extreme temperatures and non-thermal nature of the solar corona and solar wind arise from an unidentified physical mechanism that preferentially heats certain ion species relative to others. Spectroscopic indicators of unequal temperatures commence within a fraction of a solar radius above the surface of the Sun, but the outer reach of this mechanism has yet to be determined. Here we present an empirical procedure for combining interplanetary solar wind measurements and a modeled energy equation including Coulomb relaxation to solve for the typical outer boundary of this zone of preferential heating. Applied to two decades of observations by the Wind spacecraft, our results are consistent with preferential heating being active in a zone extending from the transition region in the lower corona to an outer boundary 20-40 solar radii from the Sun, producing a steady state super-mass-proportional $\alpha$-to-proton temperature ratio of $5.2-5.3$. Preferential ion heating continues far beyond the transition region and is important for the evolution of both the outer corona and the solar wind. The outer boundary of this zone is well below the orbits of spacecraft at 1 AU and even closer missions such as Helios and MESSENGER, meaning it is likely that no existing mission has directly observed intense preferential heating, just residual signatures. We predict that {Parker Solar Probe} will be the first spacecraft with a perihelia sufficiently close to the Sun to pass through the outer boundary, enter the zone of preferential heating, and directly observe the physical mechanism in action.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal on 1 August 201

Volume 35, AMT-1 Cruise Report and Preliminary Results

This report documents the scientific activities on board the Royal Research Ship (RRS) 'James Clark Ross' during the irst Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT-1), 21 September to 24 October 1995. The ship sailed from Grimsby (England) for Montevideo (Uruguay) and then continued on to Stanley (Falkland Islands). The primary objective of the AMT program is to investigate basic biological processes in the open Atlantic Ocean over very broad spatial scales. For AMT-1, the meridional range covered was approximately 50 deg N to 50 deg S or nearly 8,000 nmi. The measurements to be taken during the AMT cruises are fundamental for the calibration, validation, and continuing understanding of remotely sensed observations of biological oceanography. They are also important for understanding plankton community structure over latitudinal scales and the role of the world ocean in global carbon cycles. During AMT-1 a variety of instruments were used to map the physical, chemical, and biological structure of the upper 200 m of the water column. Ocean color measurements were made using state-of-the-art sensors, whose calibration was traceable to the highest international standards. New advances in fluorometry were used to measure photosynthetic activity, which was then used to further interpret primary productivity. A unique set of samples and data were collected for the planktonic assemblages that vary throughout the range of the transect. These data will yield new interpretations on community composition and their role in carbon cycling. While the various provinces of the Atlantic Ocean were being crossed, the partial pressure of CO2 was related to biological productivity. This comparison revealed the areas of drawdown of atmospheric CO2 and how these areas relate to the surrounding biological productivity. These data, plus the measurements of light attenuation and phytoplankton optical properties, will be used as a primary input for basin-scale biological productivity models to help develop ecosystem dynamics models which will be important for improving the forecasting abilities of modelers. The AMT program is also attempting to meet the needs of international agencies in their implementation of Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Ocean Studies (SIMBIOS), a program to develop a methodology and operational capability to combine data products from the various ocean color satellite missions