A review of modular strategies and architecture within manufacturing operations

This paper reviews existing modularity and modularization literature within manufacturing operations. Its purpose is to examine the tools, techniques, and concepts relating to modular production, to draw together key issues currently dominating the literature, to assess managerial implications associated with the emerging modular paradigm, and to present an agenda for future research directions. The review is based on journal papers included in the ABI/Inform electronic database and other noteworthy research published as part of significant research programmes. The research methodology concerns reviewing existing literature to identify key modular concepts, to determine modular developments, and to present a review of significant contributions to the field. The findings indicate that the modular paradigm is being adopted in a number of manufacturing organizations. As a result a range of conceptual tools, techniques, and frameworks has emerged and the field of modular enquiry is in the process of codifying the modular lexicon and developing appropriate modular strategies commensurate with the needs of manufacturers. Modular strategies and modular architecture were identified as two key issues currently dominating the modular landscape. Based on this review, the present authors suggest that future research areas need to focus on the development and subsequent standardization of interface protocols, cross-brand module use, supply chain power, transparency, and trust. This is the first review of the modular landscape and as such provides insights into, first, the development of modularization and, second, issues relating to designing modular products and modular supply chains

Anisotropic Fermi Contour of (001) GaAs Holes in Parallel Magnetic Fields

We report a severe, spin-dependent, Fermi contour anisotropy induced by parallel magnetic field in a high-mobility (001) GaAs two-dimensional hole system. Employing commensurability oscillations created by a unidirectional, surface-strain-induced, periodic potential modulation, we directly probe the anisotropy of the two spin subband Fermi contours. Their areas are obtained from the Fourier transform of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. Our findings are in semi-quantitative agreement with the results of parameter-free calculations of the energy bands.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGROVE DIAMONDBACK TERRAPINS (MALACLEMYS TERRAPIN RHIZOPHORARUM) INHABITING ALTERED AND NATURAL MANGROVE ISLANDS

The Mangrove Diamondback Terrapin, (Malaclemys terrapin rhizophorarum) is dependent on a very broad array of the services provided by the mangrove ecosystem. We sought to evaluate both the turtles and their habitat by an integrated assessment of physical, chemical, and physiological parameters. Extreme site fidelity of the turtles to mangrove habitat was evident along with a strong female biased sex ratio. We provide blood serum values and microbial cultures as baselines from these turtles in the wild. Salmonella sp., a potentially zoonotic pathogen, was isolated from one female. Ultimately, the health of these turtle populations may be reflective of the integrity of the mangrove system on which they depend

Formation of a high quality two-dimensional electron gas on cleaved GaAs

We have succeeded in fabricating a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) on the cleaved (110) edge of a GaAs wafer by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A (100) wafer previously prepared by MBE growth is reinstalled in the MBE chamber so that an in situ cleave exposes a fresh (110) GaAs edge for further MBE overgrowth. A sequence of Si-doped AlGaAs layers completes the modulation-doped structure at the cleaved edge. Mobilities as high as 6.1×10^5 cm^2/V s are measured in the 2DEG at the cleaved interface