Qualidade e dinâmica da matéria orgânica em solos tropicais sob adição de resíduo da indústria do açúcar

A depleção da matéria orgânica causada pelos sistemas de manejo de solos tem sido identificada como um problema crítico para a maior parte dos solos tropicais. A aplicação de resíduos orgânicos provenientes de atividades agroindustriais pode amenizar esse problema, devido à possibilidade de aumento da qualidade e quantidade da matéria orgânica. As substâncias húmicas têm papel importante na conservação do solo, mas a dinâmica das suas transformações é ainda pouco compreendida. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da adição de composto orgânico sobre dois solos tropicais mineralogicamente distintos (Latossolo e Cambissolo) durante dois anos. O composto empregado foi preparado com torta de filtro, um resíduo proveniente da produção de açúcar, e as amostras dos solos foram incubadas com doses equivalentes a 0, 40, 80 e 120 Mg ha-1. A adição do composto de torta de filtro alterou quantitativa e qualitativamente a dinâmica das substâncias húmicas, e essa alteração foi relacionada com a composição mineralógica dos solos. Observou-se que a mineralização do carbono total foi mais rápida no Cambissolo, que apresentou mineral do tipo 2:1 em sua constituição (ilita), enquanto os ácidos húmicos foram preservados por maior período de tempo no solo sem argilominerais do tipo 2:1 (Latossolo). Em ambos os solos, a adição do composto aumentou o conteúdo de ácidos fúlvicos, sugerindo a formação de moléculas hidrofílicas de pequenas dimensões. Os ácidos húmicos extraídos dos solos apresentaram decréscimo na intensidade de fluorescência ao longo do tempo, revelando importantes modificações químicas nesse compartimento de carbono reconhecido como estável.Soil organic matter depletion caused by agricultural management systems have been identified as a critical problem in most tropical soils. The application of organic residues from agro-industrial activities can ameliorate this problem by increasing soil organic matter quality and quantity. Humic substances play an important role in soil conservation but the dynamics of their transformations is still poorly understood. This study evaluated the effect of compost application to two contrasting tropical soils (Inceptisol and Oxisol) for two years. Soil samples were incubated with compost consisting of sugarcane filter cake, a residue from the sugar industry, at 0, 40, 80, and 120 Mg ha-1. Filter cake compost changed the humic matter dynamics in both content and quality, affecting the soil mineralogical composition. It was observed that carbon mineralization was faster in the illite-containing Inceptisol, whereas humic acids were preserved for a longer period in the Oxisol. In both soils, compost application increased fulvic acid contents, favoring the formation of small hydrophilic molecules. A decrease in fluorescence intensity according to the incubation time was observed in the humic acids extracted from amended soils, revealing important chemical changes in this otherwise stable C pool

Performance of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings in response to the application of humic acid and plant growth-promoting bacteria

Sugarcane cultivation using pre-sprouted seedlings has decreased the number of stalks used per hectare, increased the multiplication rate, improved seedling health, and increased planting uniformity. However, because this system has been only recently proposed, the number of studies evaluating this new technology is still scarce, particularly those examining the effect of the application of growth-promoting substances on seedling characteristics during the production phase. Here, we hypothesized that it is possible to combine the plant growth-promoting activity of humic acid (HA) with the inoculation of selected strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to improve the yield of sugarcane seedlings compared with the individual application of these two techniques. The potential of the combined use of HA and PGPB as agricultural inputs was evaluated by conducting an experiment with sugarcane micro cuttings in a greenhouse. Treatments included control, PGPB, HA, and PGPB with HA. At the end of the experiment (60 d after planting), the plants were subjected to biometric evaluation. The results indicated that it was possible to combine HA with selected strains of PGPB (Burkholderia sp.) to improve the yield of seedlings compared with individual HA and PGPB treatments. HA, PGPB, and HA + PGPB increased the total dry matter compared with the control by 23%, 25%, and 36%, respectively. Therefore, the use of HA-based plant regulators in combination with PGPB was more effective than the isolated use of these inputs for the treatment of micro cuttings and improvement of sugarcane seedling yield

Propriedades redox da matéria orgânica isolada de material ultrafiltrado das águas do rio Paraíba do Sul

Previous studies indicated that free radicals control organic matter redox activities. In the present study, organic matter of an ultra-filtrated material collected from seven samples taken seasonally from the Paraiba do Sul River for two years were titrated with an oxidizer (I2) in an inert atmosphere. Standard formal potential values for the electrode MO Ox, MO Red ranged from 0.754 to 0.786 V at a 25 ºC temperature. Organic matter oxidation capacity (COx) per carbon mass varied according to pH values, and changes in COx were related to rainfall and river flow intensities

Relationships between soil quality indicators, redox properties, and bioactivity of humic substances of soils under integrated farming, livestock, and forestry

ABSTRACT Once it is stabilized in the soil, organic matter minimizes limitations of Brazilian Oxisols, such as low cation exchange capacity, low nutrient availability, toxicity due to high aluminum content, and phosphate adsorption. Moreover, humified organic matter fractions are bioactive. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the biostimulant ability of compounds present in soil carbon stocks to develop sustainable technologies for tropical agriculture based on renewable natural resources. The objective of this research was to correlate some soil quality indicators, redox properties, and bioactivity of humic acids isolated from integrated farming, livestock, and forestry systems aiming to understand the mechanisms involved in plant stimulation by humified organic matter. Carbon stocks and their stability were determined from oxidation by dichromatometry and iodometry, respectively. Bioactivity was assessed using yield data of corn indicator plants. The results indicated that when native-like forests were reintroduced instead of pastureland, soil carbon stocks and their stability increased along with overall improvements in soil fertility, chemical and physical properties, and soil biodiversity. The bioactivity of humic substances isolated from soils used in integrated crop, livestock, and forestry management was higher than that of soils derived from pastures or eucalyptus alone

Initial performance of corn in response to treatment of seeds with humic acids isolated from bokashi

ABSTRACT The humified organic matter presents bioactivity similar to the auxinic effect. As bokashi is produced by a special process of humification, information is needed about the bioactive potential of its humic acids. The objective of this work was studying the initial performance of corn-indicator plants in response to the application of different concentrations of humic acids isolated from bokashi. The corn seeds were treated for 16 hours with solutions containing 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 80 mmol L-1 of C in the form of humic acids. Then, the seeds were planted in pots of 1 dm3 containing corrected and fertilized soil, in greenhouse. Growth characteristics of shoot and root systems were evaluated. The results showed that the humic acids extracted from bokashi had positive effects on the initial performance of corn