Geçmişte ve Günümüzde Lycium barbarum L.’un Kullanım Alanları

Solanaceae familyasına ait özellikle Lycium barbarum L. türünün meyvesi olarak bilinen “Goji berry”, besin değerinin yüksek olması sebebiyle son yıllarda ‘‘süper meyve’’ adıyla oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. L. barbarum çalı formunda çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Meyveleri tatlı ve keskin bir tada sahip, yaklaşık 2 cm derinliğinde elips şeklinde turuncu-kırmızı renkli yumuşak bir yapıya sahiptir. 2000 yılı aşkın süredir Çin ve Tibet’te geleneksel tıp ve gıda alanında kullanılan bitkinin kök, kabuk ve meyvelerinden tıbbi ilaçlar yapıldığı, yapraklarının ve tohumlarının da bazı şifalı bitkilerden bahseden kitaplarda yer aldığı anlatılmaktadır. Tibet’te yerliler tarafından ömrü uzattığı düşünülmekte ve ‘‘mutluluğun meyvesi’’ adıyla da bilinmektedir. Bitkinin dünyada “kurt üzümü” adıyla da bilinen meyveleri polisakkarit kompleksleri, karotenoidler, fenilpropanoidler gibi yüksek biyolojik aktiviteye sahip birçok bileşik grubu içermektedir. Bitkinin kurutulmuş meyveleri direkt tüketildiği gibi bitki çayı, meyve suyu, şarap, tentür yapımında ve yemeklerde olmak üzere dünyada farklı kullanımları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise L. barbarum bitkisinin geleneksel kullanım alanları ile ilgili bilgiler derlenmiştir

Kudret Narı (Momordica charantia Descourt.) Meyvesinden Saflaştırılan Peroksidaz Enzimi Kullanılarak Hibrit Nano Çiçekler Sentezlenmesi ve Direct Blue 1 Gideriminde Kullanılabilirlikleri

.Peroxidase enzymes are purified from different plant sources are used efficiently for the removal of dyes in industrial wastes. The fruit of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), an inexpensive and easily accessible vegetable, is an important source of peroxidase. In this study, total protein content was found to be 0.485 mg/mL and peroxidase activity was found to be 2360.9 EU/mg as a result of 50% protein precipitation made from green bitter gourd. However; total protein amount was 0.232 mg/mL and free peroxidase activity was determined as 7719.30 EU/mg as a result of 60% protein precipitation made from ripe bitter gourd. Peroxidase enzymes which were purified from bitter gourd in different growth stages under optimum conditions showed higher enzymatic activity compared to free forms when immobilized via enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflower synthesis method. The highest peroxidase activity was seen in mature fruit and hybrid nanoflower form (19661, 6 EU/mg). In addition, the usability of hybrid nanoflowers was investigated compared to the free purified peroxidase for removal of Direct Blue 1 dye widely used in textile industry. It was determined that hybrid nanoflower form synthesized especially by using ripe bitter gourd peroxidase had more dye removal.

A new approach for green synthesis and characterization of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) genotype extracts-Cu2 nanocomplexes (nanoflower) and their effective antimicrobial activity

.In this study, we have demonstrated the fabrication of novel organic-inorganic nanobio-antimicrobial agents called “nanoflowers” (NFs) and elucidate the increase in the antimicrobial activity of NFs. This is the first report that the NFs were formed of plant extracts as the organic components and copper (II) ions (Cu2+) as the inorganic component. The Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) methanol extracts from three genotypes including A. absinthium L. (Aa), A. vulgaris L. (Av) and A. ludoviciana Nutt. (Al) were selected in the NF synthesis. The effect of the plant extract concentrations on the morphology of NFs was examined. Most regular and uniform flower-shaped morpholo- gies were observed when a concentration of 0.1 mg mL-1 plant extract was used in the synthesis of NFs. The syntesized NFs were characterized with several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The NFs exhibited much antimicrobial activity against the pathogens even at low concentrations compared to the extracts. The MICs and MBCs values for NFs were found to be range between 0.4 to 40 μg mL-1 and 40 to 400 μg mL-1 while those values for Aa, Av and Al extracts were ranged from 500-2000 μg mL-1 and 1000-4000 μg mL-1 for the studied pathogens, respectively.

Ekstrakt lovorvišnje ublažava štetno djelovanje dimetoata na reproduktivnu funkciju i apoptozu stanica u testisu štakora

Dimethoate is an organophosphorus pesticide used against agricultural insects, which causes oxidative stress and damage in many organs, including the reproductive ones. Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) fruit is rich in vitamins and phenolic compounds with antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to investigate how effective its extract would be against dimethoate-induced testis and sperm damage in rats. Sixty animals were divided in six groups of 10. Group 1 (control) received only 1 mL of saline (0.9 % NaCl). Group 2 received 7 mg/kg of dimethoate in 1 mL of saline. Group 3 received 4 mg/kg of extract in 1 mL of saline. Group 4 received the extract 30 min before dimethoate administration. Group 5 received vitamin C (positive control, 100 mg/kg in 1 mL of saline) 30 min before dimethoate administration. Group 6 received only dimethoate for the first four weeks and then a combination of dimethoate and extract for another four weeks. All doses were administered daily by oral gavage. After eight weeks of treatment, the rats were euthanized and their reproductive organs removed. We took their body and reproductive organ weights and evaluated testicular oxidative stress, semen characteristics, sperm DNA damage, testicular apoptosis, and histopathological changes. Dimethoate significantly decreased body and reproductive organ weights, sperm motility and concentration, testicular superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-peroxidase activities and significantly increased lipid peroxidation, abnormal sperm rate, sperm DNA damage, testicular apoptosis, and caused histopathological lesions. Cherry laurel extract significantly countered many dimethoate-induced adverse effects, both as pre- and post-treatment, including reproductive organ weight, semen parameters, oxidant-antioxidant balance, sperm DNA integrity, testicular apoptosis, and histological structure. Our findings clearly suggest that the beneficial effects of the extract are associated with countering oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation in particular.Dimetoat je organofosforni insekticid koji uzrokuje oksidacijski stres i oštećuje mnoge organe, uključujući reproduktivne. Plod lovorvišnje (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) bogat je vitaminima i fenolnim spojevima s antioksidacijskim djelovanjem. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio utvrditi djelotvornost njegova ekstrakta protiv oštećenja testisa i spermija u mužjaka štakora izloženih dimetoatu. Njih 60 podijeljeno je nasumce u šest skupina od deset životinja. Prva je (kontrolna) skupina primala samo 1 mL fiziološke otopine (0,9 % NaCl), druga skupina 7 mg/kg dimetoata u 1 mL fiziološke otopine, treća skupina 4 mg/kg ekstrakta lovorvišnje u 1 mL fiziološke otopine, četvrta skupina ekstrakt 30 minuta prije primjene dimetoata, peta skupina vitamin C (pozitivna kontrola, 100 mg/kg u 1 mL fiziološke otopine) 30 min prije primjene dimetoata, a šesta skupina primala je dimetoat u prva četiri tjedna, potom kombinaciju dimetoata i ekstrakta lovorvišnje u sljedeća četiri tjedna. Sve navedene doze davane su svaki dan gavažom. Nakon osam tjedana primjene, štakori su eutanazirani, a njihovi reproduktivni organi odstranjeni. Izmjerena im je ukupna tjelesna masa i masa reproduktivnih organa te ocijenjen oksidacijski stres u testisima, značajke sjemena, oštećenja DNA spermija, apoptoza u testisima i histopatološke promjene. Dimetoat je značajno smanjio masu tijela i organa, gibljivost i koncentraciju spermija te aktivnost superoksid dismutaze i glutation-peroksidaze, a značajno povisio lipidnu peroksidaciju, postotak abnormalnih spermija, oštećenje DNA spermija, apoptozu u testisima te uzrokovao histopatološke promjene tkiva. Ekstrakt lovorvišnje značajno je ublažio te štetne učinke, bilo da je davan prije ili nakon dimetoata. Naši rezultati jasno upućuju na blagotvorno djelovanje toga ekstrakta, koje je povezano sa zaštitom od oksidacijskoga stresa, napose od lipidne peroksidacije

Novel Drug Targets with Traditional Herbal Medicines

Liquidambar orientalis Miller (AnatolianSweetgum Tree; Hamamelidaceae), alsocalled Anatolian sığla (sweetgum), is ecologically and economically important relictendemic species which primarily is utilizedfor its balsam which is used mainly in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Thewood of that tree is used for secondary purposes rather than oil. The oils of sweetgum arealso known as storax that is produced frompathological wound channels. The resin of L.orientalis is used as a topical parasiticide,expectorant, antiseptic, and for stomach ache,asthma bronchitis, skin diseases, etc.. Manypharmacological activity studies of sweetgumoil for these uses have been identifed in theliterature. Also, the chemical content of oilwas elaborated by different chromatographicmethods</p

Nanoflower synthesis formed at different pH based on Crocus sativus L. (Croci stigma, saffron) extract and its major components: a new approach for enhancing antioxidant, antimicrobial and catalytic activities

Herein, we have advanced a green process for the synthesis and characterization of hybrid nanoflowers using saffron extract, crocin and safranal which were involved as organic components in the creating formation of the nanoflowers, and Cu+2 ions which were involved as the inorganic component. The antimicrobial activities of saffron extract, crocin, safranal, and their Nfs were tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 1023, and the percentages of inhibition were calculated by minimum inhibitory concentration as well. The activities of nanoflowers were highly effective against all microorganisms than the saffron extract and its components, while only the crocin and crocin nanoflowers were ineffective against C. albicans. Similarly, 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl scavenging and catalytic activities of the nanoflowers were found to be more active than extracts and components. In the study, successful synthesis with saffron and its active components showed that they are promising antimicrobial and antioxidant agents

Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized from Vaccinium myrtillus L. against Multiple Antibiotic Resistance and Biolm Forming Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Despite new innovations and process improvements, biofilm forming bacterial infections still pose a serious threat to patients. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to have antibacterial properties and have been applied for surface manufacturing of many permanent medical devices at the same time. Therefore, we attempted to compare the performance of green synthesis of AgNPs and Vaccinium myrtillus L. plant extracts in terms of antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against multi drug resistant (MDR) biofilm forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli clinical strains. Materials and Methods: The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was determined by using disc diffusion and broth micro dilution method. Antibiofilm properties of nanoparticles have also been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Results: Both extract and AgNP showed comparable bactericidal (p<0,0001) and antibiofilm activity (p<0,0001), but the mode of bacterial interaction and the degree of damage were completely different. Conclusion: For the first time with this study, extracts and also nanoparticles obtained from V. myrtillus were found to be effective in strains that have high biofilm activity and multiple drug resistance. Biosynthesized AgNPs were found to reduce planktonic cells as well as biofilm growth in a dose dependent manner. The results also supported the antibiofilm potential of AgNPs. This finding thus provides an idea of the development of silver nanoparticle-based biomaterials for use as effective surface modifying agents

A new approach for green synthesis and characterization of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) genotype extracts -Cu2 nanocomplexes (nanoflower) and their effecitve antimicrobial activity

In this study, we have demonstrated the fabrication of novel organic-inorganic nanobio-antimicrobial agents called nanoflowers (NFs) and elucidate the increase in the antimicrobial activity of NFs. This is the first report that the NFs were formed of plant extracts as the organic components and copper (II) ions (Cu2+) as the inorganic component. The Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) methanol extracts from three genotypes including A. absinthium L. (Aa), A. vulgaris L. (Av) and A. ludoviciana Nutt. (Al) were selected in the NF synthesis. The effect of the plant extract concentrations on the morphology of NFs was examined. Most regular and uniform flower-shaped morphologies were observed when a concentration of 0.1 mg mL-1 plant extract was used in the synthesis of NFs. The syntesized NFs were characterized with several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The NFs exhibited much antimicrobial activity against the pathogens even at low concentrations compared to the extracts. The MICs and MBCs values for NFs were found to be range between 0.4 to 40 &#956;g mL-1 and 40 to 400 &#956;g mL-1 while those values for Aa, Av and Al extracts were ranged from 500-2000 &#956;g mL-1 and 1000-4000 &#956;g mL-1 for the studied pathogens, respectively. [Med-Science 2020; 9(1.000): 191-6