Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Towards a Muon Collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.Comment: 118 pages, 103 figure

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Erratum: Towards a muon collider

The original online version of this article was revised: The additional reference [139] has been added. Tao Han’s ORICD ID has been incorrectly assigned to Chengcheng Han and Chengcheng Han’s ORCID ID to Tao Han. Yang Ma’s ORCID ID has been incorrectly assigned to Lianliang Ma, and Lianliang Ma’s ORCID ID to Yang Ma. The original article has been corrected

rTMS on DLPFC and autonomic facial feedback increase prosocial behavior

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Potenziamento neurocognitivo, mindfulness e comportamenti di guida: riduzione dello stress, aumento dell\u2019efficacia attentiva e controllo della distraibilit\ue0 nei drivers

Le statistiche a livello nazionale hanno evidenziato come la distrazione sia la causa pi\uf9 frequente di sinistri stradali. Dal punto di vista psicologico, il comportamento di guida \ue8 la risultante dell\u2019interazione fra pi\uf9 variabili psicologiche e neurofisiologiche, come il carico di stress e le funzioni cognitive, ed altri fattori situazionali, quali condizioni metereologiche e di traffico. Maggiori livelli di funzionamento cognitivo e minori carichi di stress sono associati ad una guida pi\uf9 funzionale in termini di sicurezza poich\ue9 contribuiscono a ridurre la distraibilit\ue0 e l\u2019assunzione di rischi. Dalla letteratura emerge che training con tecniche di mindfulness mediate da wearable devices si rivelano efficaci in termini di potenziamento neurocognitivo e di regolazione affettiva e dello stress. L\u2019incremento dell\u2019abilit\ue0 di regolazione attentiva e la diminuzione dello stress percepito rilevati a seguito di tali training, potrebbero riflettersi positivamente nelle pratiche di guida, con la possibile riduzione e prevenzione di comportamenti disfunzionali. Lo scopo della presente ricerca \ue8 di testare l\u2019efficacia di un protocollo di integrazione fra pratiche di mindfulness e neurotecnologie indossabili che svolgono la funzione di neurofeedback su un campione di guidatori, osservandone l\u2019impatto sul comportamento alla guida. Cinquanta partecipanti senza livelli clinicamente significativi di stress sono stati assegnati casualmente al gruppo sperimentale e di controllo attivo. La condizione sperimentale consisteva in un mindfulness NeuroFeedback Training (NFT) di 21 giorni con sessioni di durata incrementale. Un\u2019analisi pre- e post-trattamento ha previsto l\u2019integrazione di tre ordini di misure multilivello: psicometriche; comportamentali, neuropsicologiche e di fitness to drive; neurofisiologiche, sia centrali che autonomiche. In particolare, strumenti come il Driver Behavior Questionnaire, e di performance (come un task Go/No-Go in realt\ue0 virtuale immersiva o il dispositivo Active Box per la rilevazione del comportamento alla guida), sono stati impiegati per valutare il comportamento di guida effettivo nella quotidianit\ue0. Una riduzione della faticabilit\ue0, dello stress percepito e delle violazioni al volante emergono nel gruppo sperimentale paragonato al gruppo di controllo nella fase post-trattamento. Inoltre, a livello neurofisiologico \ue8 stato rilevato un aumento di indici di potenziamento delle abilit\ue0 di risposta attentiva alla guida, quali un aumento del potenziale elettrofisiologico (EEG) evento-relato N200 in aree frontali durante un compito attentivo e un aumento dell\u2019indice EEG AlphaBeta ratio in aree parietali in condizione di riposo. Complessivamente, il gruppo assegnato alla condizione di mindfulness con NFT riporta un aumento dell\u2019efficienza neurale e comportamentale in termini di velocit\ue0 di orientamento dell\u2019attenzione, elaborazione delle informazioni, controllo esecutivo e riduzione della faticabilit\ue0 e stress percepiti alla guida

Special Report on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinical EEG and Research and Consensus Recommendations for the Safe Use of EEG

Introduction: The global COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy, daily life, and mental/physical health. The latter includes the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in clinical practice and research. We report a survey of the impact of COVID-19 on the use of clinical EEG in practice and research in several countries, and the recommendations of an international panel of experts for the safe application of EEG during and after this pandemic. Methods: Fifteen clinicians from 8 different countries and 25 researchers from 13 different countries reported the impact of COVID-19 on their EEG activities, the procedures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and precautions planned or already implemented during the reopening of EEG activities. Results: Of the 15 clinical centers responding, 11 reported a total stoppage of all EEG activities, while 4 reduced the number of tests per day. In research settings, all 25 laboratories reported a complete stoppage of activity, with 7 laboratories reopening to some extent since initial closure. In both settings, recommended precautions for restarting or continuing EEG recording included strict hygienic rules, social distance, and assessment for infection symptoms among staff and patients/participants. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic interfered with the use of EEG recordings in clinical practice and even more in clinical research. We suggest updated best practices to allow safe EEG recordings in both research and clinical settings. The continued use of EEG is important in those with psychiatric diseases, particularly in times of social alarm such as the COVID-19 pandemic.SCOPUS: ed.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Special report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical EEG and Research and consensus recommendations for the safe use of EEG

Introduction. The global COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy, daily life, and mental/physical health. The latter includes the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in clinical practice and research. We report a survey of the impact of COVID-19 on the use of clinical EEG in practice and research in several countries, and the recommendations of an international panel of experts for the safe application of EEG during and after this pandemic.Methods. Fifteen clinicians from 8 different countries and 25 researchers from 13 different countries reported the impact of COVID-19 on their EEG activities, the procedures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and precautions planned or already implemented during the reopening of EEG activities.Results. Of the 15 clinical centers responding, 11 reported a total stoppage of all EEG activities, while 4 reduced the number of tests per day. In research settings, all 25 laboratories reported a complete stoppage of activity, with 7 laboratories reopening to some extent since initial closure. In both settings, recommended precautions for restarting or continuing EEG recording included strict hygienic rules, social distance, and assessment for infection symptoms among staff and patients/participants.Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic interfered with the use of EEG recordings in clinical practice and even more in clinical research. We suggest updated best practices to allow safe EEG recordings in both research and clinical settings. The continued use of EEG is important in those with psychiatric diseases, particularly in times of social alarm such as the COVID-19 pandemic.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: S. Campanella was funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.N.R.S., Belgium) and the Brugmann Foundation (CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium). C. Babiloni is supported by the European Committee for the development of the H2020-EU.1.3.1.H2020-MSCA-ITN-ETN-2017-2020 (ID 721281) project with the short title "Blood Biomarker-based Diagnostic Tools for Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease (BBDiag). M Balconi was founded by Catholic University of Milan (Italy), Grant for Research, D1.1. 2019. V. Betti was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programGrant Agreement No. 759651. L. Bianchi and G. Di Lorenzo were partially funded by a Grant from the Ministry of Defence. M. Brunovsky was supported by the project LO1611, with a financial support from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the NPU I program and by the project PROGRES Q35 of the 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. C. Escera was supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR2017-974), the ICREA Academia Distinguished Professorship Award, and the Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2017-0729). D. Fisher was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Research Nova Scotia. B. Guntekin was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK (grant number 214S111). R. Ishii was funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 19K08017 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. M. Kiang was supported by the Miner's Lamp Innovation Fund in the Prevention and Early Detection of Severe Mental Illness, and an Academic Scholar Award, at the University of Toronto (Department of Psychiatry); and a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-168989)