Kuzey Ege ve Marmara Denizleri Kıyısal Alan Yüzey Suyunda TPH Kirliliğinin Karşılaştırılması: Prens Adaları ve Gökçeada örnekleri

Bu çalışmada 2017 yılı boyunca Gökçeada çevresinden 15 ayrı istasyondan mevsimlik ve Prens Adaları’ ndan ise yerleşim ve ulaşımın olduğu 4 adadan birer noktadan olmak üzere aylık alınan yüzey suyu örneklerinde toplam petrol hidrokarbon (TPH) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Örnekler, diklorometan ile ekstraksiyondan sonra ekstraktı temizleme düzeneğinden geçirilerek, spektroflourimetrede örneklerin absorbans ölçümleri yapılmış ve kalibrasyon eğrisi kullanılarak da TPH konsantrasyonları hesaplanmıştır. TPH düzeyleri Gökçeada’ da 0.24 µg L-1 - 8.94 µg L-1 aralığındayken, en yüksek değer adaya ulaşımın sıklaştığı yaz döneminde ve limana yakın olan Kaleköy istasyonunda tespit edilmiştir. Prens Adaları’ nda ise 0.8 µg L-1 - 8 µg L-1 aralığında bulunmuştur. En yüksek değer yine yaz döneminde ve adalar içerisinde en kalabalık olan ve ulaşımın en sık olduğu Büyükada istasyonunda ölçülmüştür. Bu bulgularla hem bu iki bölgelerle ilgili veri sağlanmış, hem de veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Prens Adaları, konumu itibariyle yoğun kirletici faaliyetlerin etkisi altında olduğundan yüksek değerlere sahip olsa da, Gökçeada’ nın da son zamanlarda tercih edilmesiyle ulaşımın artması ve Türk Boğazlar Sistemi’ nin çıkışına yakın olması nedeniyle, adanın zamana bağlı artan kirlilik potansiyeline sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur.&nbsp;</p

Conglomerateness: Size and Monopoly Control

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of sildenafil citrate on cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity. Thirty-two female rats were divided into four groups. Group 1: saline control; group 2: cisplatin; group 3: sildenafil citrate; and group 4: cisplatin plus sildenafil citrate group. In groups 2 and 4, the rats were injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin intraperitoneally (i.p.). In groups 3 and 4, the rats were injected with 1.4 mg/kg sildenafil citrate i.p. The ovaries were removed two weeks later in all groups. Histopathologic examination, follicle counting and classification were performed. The expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was detected immunohistochemically in the ovarian tissues. Sildenafil alleviated cisplatin-induced histopathological changes in the ovarian tissue. Primordial, secondary and tertiary follicles were diminished in group 2 compared with group 1 (p <0.05). Pretreatment with sildenafil citrate preserved primordial follicle count in group 4 compared with group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). According to our results, immunoreactivity intensity of AMH was lower in group 2 compared with group 1 (92.4 +/- 3.97 versus 88.8 +/- 1.77) but not significantly, whereas immunoreactivity intensity of AMH was higher in group 4 compared with group 2 (88.8 +/- 1.77 versus 94.1 +/- 2.36; p<0.05). Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with sildenafil citrate is beneficial for protecting the ovaries from cisplatin-induced damage. Sildenafil citrate can be a choice for fertility preservation

The Effect of Leachate on the Compacted and Consolidated Clay Soils

Solid waste landfills constitute a potential major threat to groundwater quality. Water present in the waste, rainwater infiltration during and/or after the landfilling process and groundwater penetration can result in the generation of leachate. Leachate is a kind of waste liquid consisting of waste contaminants. Clay soils are natural matters to minimize the permeability of natural soil liners in landfill areas. Some contaminants in the leachate can alter compacted clay soils and cause increasing or decreasing permeability. This study investigates effects of leachate on the permeability of the compacted and consolidated clay soils, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of these clay soils as liners in preventing groundwater contamination. To determine removal capability of compacted and consolidated clay soils, some metal ions (Fe(II), Mn(II)) are also measured in influent and effluent of the lab-scale reactor. According to results of this study, Fe(II) and Mn(II) removal efficiency increases with time. Fe(OH)3 and MnO2 precipitations on the clay soil particles increase oxidation rate depending on the autocatalytic effect. Also, in the beginning, some decrease has been observed in the compacted and consolidated clay soils permeability associated with the contamination. However, as time goes by, these results show that leachates may cause an increase in the permeability