Zonificación de riesgos climáticos para soporte del cultivo agrícola en el estado de Parana, Brasil

Ponencia presentada en: VI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Tarragona del 8 al 11 de octubre de 2008.[ES]El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar la zonificación de riesgo climático para las principales especies vegetales cultivadas en el estado de Paraná, Brasil. Para cada cultura fueron determinados los factores de riesgo que pueden afectar la producción, estableciéndose límites de deficiencia hídrica, heladas, temperaturas elevadas y excesos de lluvias en la cosecha, para especies anuales y perennes. Para cultivos anuales los riesgos fueron calculados por períodos de diez días, simulando épocas de siembra a partir del inicio de la estación y estableciéndose criterios de corte en fases sensibles del ciclo.[EN]The objective of this work was to perform the climatic risk zoning for the main plant species grown in the state of Paraná, Brazil. For each crop the risk factors that could reduce production were determined, through the establishment of thresholds for water deficit, frosts, high temperatures and excess of rainfall at harvest, for yearly and perennial species. For the yearly crops the risks were calculated each ten-day periods, simulating sowing dates from the beginning of the rainy season and establishing cutting criteria during sensitive phases of the crop cycle. The results were transferred to a Geographic Information System and mapped. The sowing times with risk lower than 20% for all the considered factors were indicated. For the perennial species the municipalities were classified as apt or inapt

Climatic risk zoning for corn and palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv: Marandu) cultivated in integrated crop-livestock systems in São Paulo state, Brazil

Climatic risk zoning allows the identification of areas of low risk of reduced crop productivity due to climatic events. In Brazil, losses to agriculture due to climate are mainly caused by drought. The objective of this research was to determine areas of low climatic risk for corn and palisade grass cultivated in integrated crop-livestock systems in Sao Paulo state. Corn varieties characterized by a 120-day growing cycle and soil with three different water holding capacities (sandy, medium and clayey soils) were considered. A daily water balance model was used to simulate planting dates between September and December. The water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) was calculated for critical phenological phases of both cultures (germination, emergence and tillering of palisade grass and flowering and grain filling of corn). The WRSI values, calculated for a minimum frequency of 80%, were located spatially using the SPRING v. 5.1 geographic information system and the most favorable periods for sowing in different areas were determined. The results showed that there are areas of low climatic risk for cultivation of corn and palisade grass in integrated crop-livestock production systems in Sao Paulo state. Although climatic risk in these areas also depends on soil type, the most favorable period for planting is between October and November