79 research outputs found
Extensions of Functors From Set to V-cat
We show that for a commutative quantale V every functor from Set to V-cat has an enriched left-Kan extension. As a consequence, coalgebras over Set are subsumed by coalgebras over V-cat. Moreover, one can build functors on V-cat by equipping Set-functors with a metric
Extending Set Functors to Generalised Metric Spaces
For a commutative quantale V, the category V-cat can be perceived as a category of generalised metric spaces and non-expanding maps. We show that any type constructor T (formalised as an endofunctor on sets) can be extended in a canonical way to a type constructor TV on V-cat. The proof yields methods of explicitly calculating the extension in concrete examples, which cover well-known notions such as the Pompeiu-Hausdorff metric as well as new ones.
Conceptually, this allows us to to solve the same recursive domain equation X â
TX in different categories (such as sets and metric spaces) and we study how their solutions (that is, the final coalgebras) are related via change of base.
Mathematically, the heart of the matter is to show that, for any commutative quantale V, the âdiscrete functor Set â V-cat from sets to categories enriched over V is V-cat-dense and has a density presentation that allows us to compute left-Kan extensions along D
L'effet de l'intégration des TIC sur la motivation à apprendre la grammaire de l'anglais au collégial
La prĂ©sente Ă©tude de cas vise Ă Ă©valuer lâeffet des nouvelles technologies de lâinformation et communication (TIC) et notamment des sites internet dĂ©diĂ©s Ă la grammaire (SIG) de lâanglais langue seconde (ALS) sur la motivation des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants de niveau III en ALS au collĂ©gial. Le cadre thĂ©orique Ă©laborĂ© prend en considĂ©ration trois Ă©lĂ©ments importants dĂ©rivĂ©s de notre objectif de recherche, notamment la motivation, lâenseignement explicite et les TIC. Notre recherche revient Ă superposer ces trois concepts et observer lâeffet des SIG sur la motivation des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants de niveau III Ă apprendre la grammaire de lâALS dans un contexte dâenseignement et dâapprentissage explicite. La mĂ©thodologie que nous avons choisie pour cette recherche est de type qualitatif, car nous chercherons Ă analyser les perceptions des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants qui ont participĂ© Ă lâĂ©tude de cas sur divers facteurs de motivation. Pour la collecte des donnĂ©es de notre Ă©tude, nous avons privilĂ©giĂ© la mĂ©thode des entrevues semi-dirigĂ©es auxquelles 9 Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants provenant des cours du niveau III en ALS au collĂ©gial ont participĂ©. Le guide dâentrevue que nous avons construit en nous basant sur notre cadre de rĂ©fĂ©rence comporte 25 questions Ă rĂ©ponses ouvertes. Cet instrument de collecte des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© validĂ© et testĂ© avant son utilisation. Lâanalyse thĂ©matique du contenu a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© quatre thĂšmes en relation avec notre objectif de recherche. Les rĂ©sultats de lâanalyse thĂ©matique des donnĂ©es nous ont permis de constater que les Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants considĂšrent lâenseignement explicite de la grammaire de lâALS comme Ă©tant nĂ©cessaire pour lâatteinte de leurs buts dâapprentissage. En ce qui concerne lâutilisation des SIG pour lâapprentissage de la grammaire de lâALS, lâĂ©tude dĂ©montre un certain degrĂ© de dĂ©motivation causĂ©e par la rĂ©troaction implicite et la rĂ©pĂ©titivitĂ© des activitĂ©s dâapprentissage proposĂ©es sur les SIG. Ainsi, des sentiments de frustration et dâĂ©checs rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s influencent de façon nĂ©gative lâintĂ©rĂȘt des Ă©tudiantes et des Ă©tudiants pour lâactivitĂ© dâapprentissage ainsi que leur perception de sa valeur. Par contre, en utilisant divers types dâexercices sur la mĂȘme structure, en combinaison avec la rĂ©troaction explicite sur les SIG, leur intĂ©rĂȘt augmente grĂące Ă un sentiment de dĂ©fi et de nouveautĂ©. Aussi, les participantes et participants Ă notre Ă©tude ont eu de forts sentiments dâautonomie grĂące Ă lâapprentissage de la grammaire de lâALS Ă lâaide des SIG. Le fait de pouvoir choisir les SIG et les activitĂ©s dâapprentissage par eux-mĂȘmes leur donne une perception de contrĂŽle qui contribue Ă augmenter leur motivation. Le sentiment dâautonomie est aussi influencĂ© positivement par la rĂ©troaction explicite. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent aussi que les SIG renforcent les sentiments dâauto-efficacitĂ© qui augmentent le niveau de motivation. En somme, nous pouvons conclure que lâutilisation des SIG pour lâenseignement et lâapprentissage de la grammaire de lâALS a un effet positif sur la motivation si certaines conditions sont respectĂ©es
ASSOCIATION OF CARIES EXPERIENCE WITH SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS AMONG ADULTS OF DIFFERENT AGES FROM IASI COUNTY, ROMANIA
The purpose of the present study is to determine the possible occurrence of SES disparity in caries experience (DMFT) in young adult and adult samples, and to establish whether differences in oral hygiene behaviors or prevenâ tive attitude can cause this disparity. Materials and method: A crossâsectional study, conducted over 10 months in 2011, involved completion of a structured quesâ tionnaire with information about the demographic profile, educational status, income, occupation, dental visits, reaâ son of the visits, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, underlying systemic diseases, smoking. Oral health status was obtained through clinical examination, using the World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form (Basic Oral Health Surveys, 1997). The examination was conducted by a single, trained, calibrated examiner (dentist). Results: The study was conducted on a sample group formed of 327 young adults (229 females and 98 males; mean age: 21.99 years, SD: 2.30) with ages between 18â26 years, and on 161 adults (97 females and 64 males; mean age: 34.96 years, SD: 5.59) with ages between 27â 45 years. The prevalence of dental caries in young adults was 96.3% (females: 72.7%, males: 27.3%). The mean value of DMFT/S for females and males was 8.24 (4.99)/13.67 (8.86), and 7.02 (6.15)/11.77 (10.70), respectively. Signifiâ cant differences were observed in caries prevalence and experience between sexes (p<0.05). The prevalence of denâ tal caries in adults was 97.5% (females: 61.8%, males: 38.2%). The mean value of DMFT/S for females and males was 9.44 (4.32)/16.86 (10.40) and 8.45 (5.19)/15.64 (12.02), respectively. No significant difference was noticed in the prevalence between sexes (p<0.05). The authors found out that the mean values of caries experience (DMF) and of decayed and missing components have a significant increâ ase in subjects with medium and low SES levels, comparaâ tively with those with a high SES level. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries registred high values in both groups. Oral health behaviors were found to be highly associated with the socioâeconomic level of young adults, while the most recent dental visit and toothâbrushing frequency were not significantly associated with SES in the case of adults
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