Rapid synthesis of biocompatible silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Rosa damascena petals and evaluation of their anticancer activity

AbstractObjectiveTo optimize the process parameters involved in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (G-SNPs) by aqueous extract of Rosa damascena petals and to evaluate the biocompatibility and anti cancer activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549).MethodsThe process variables that include concentration of extract, mixing ratio of reactants, silver salt concentration and interaction time were analyzed. The compatibility of the G-SNPs was verified by incubating with erythrocytes and the anticancer property of the G-SNPs against A549 cells was performed by MTT assay.ResultsFormation of G-SNPs was confirmed by the visual change in the colour of the reaction mixture from pale yellow to brown yellow. Surface plasmon resonance of synthesized G-SNPs was observed at 420 nm; the size of G-SNPs were analyzed by DLS and found to be in the range of (84.00±10.08) nm. Field emission scanning electron microscope and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the G-SNPs were fairly spherical. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed the characteristic peaks of G-SNPs. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed a signal of silver around 3 keV. The synthesized G-SNPs exhibited anticancer activity as evidenced by the MTT assay. IC50 value of G-SNPs was found to be 80 μg/mL.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that G-SNPs can be synthesized rapidly within first minute of the reaction; they are biocompatible and possess anticancer activity against human lung adenocarcinoma

Synthesis, spectral correlation analysis and evaluation of biological activities of some substituted hydrazones

Some novel substituted hydrazone derivatives of amino guanidine have been synthesized with different substituted benzaldehydes by condensation method. The synthesized hydrazones were characterized by their physical constants, UV, IR and NMR spectra. The spectral data have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants and Swain–Lupton parameters. From the result of statistical analysis, the effects of substituents on the spectral data have been predicted. The antimicrobial activities of these synthesized hydrazone compounds have been screened by Bauer-Kirby method using human pathogenic bacteria and fungal species. The antimicrobial activities of all synthesized hydrazone compounds have shown significant activity

Synthesis, Evaluation of Substituent Effect and Antimicrobial Activities of Substituted (E)-1-(3-bromo-4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Compounds

A series of ten substituted (E)-1-(3-bromo-4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds were synthesized by Crossed-Aldol condensation of 3-bromo-4-marpholino acetophenone with various substituted and unsubstituted benzaldehydes in presence of sodium hydroxide. The entire ten compounds are novel and these have been newly synthesized compounds. The synthesized substituted 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one were characterized by their physical constants and UV, IR, NMR spectral data. These observed UV absorption maximum (λmax nm) value. The group frequencies of infrared absorption (cm-1) of νCO s-cis and s-trans, deformation modes of νCH out of plane and in-plane, νCH=CH out of plane, ν>C=C<out of plane values, 1H chemical shifts (ppm) vinyl protons, 13C chemical shifts (ppm) carbonyl carbons and vinyl carbons values were correlated with various Hammett substituent constants, and Swain-Lupton parameters using single and multi-regression analyses. From the results of statistical analysis, the effects of substituents on the functional group frequencies were studied. The antimicrobial activities of these synthesized substituted (E)-1-(3-bromo-4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones have been screened using Kirby-Bauer method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v9i1.85

Eco-friendly Synthesis, Spectral Correlation Analysis, and Antimicrobial Activities of Substituted (E)-1-benzylidene-2-(3-nitrophenyl)hydrazines

In the present study, a series of ten substituted (E)-1-benzylidene-2-(3-nitrophenyl)hydrazine compounds have been synthesized by condensation of  3-nitrophenylhydrazine with various substituted benzaldehydes using SiO2-H3PO4 catalyst under solvent free condition. This method involves shorter reaction time (5-10 minutes) with excellent yield (80-90%). The structures of the synthesized (E)-1-benzylidene-2-(3-nitrophenyl)hydrazines have been characterized by their physical constants, UV, FT-IR and NMR spectral data. The characterized UV, FT-IR and NMR spectral data have been correlated with Hammett constants using single-linear and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of single-linear and multi-linear regression analysis the effect of substituents on the spectral data have been discussed.  The antimicrobial activities of all the (E)-1-benzylidene-2-(3-nitrophenyl)hydrazine compounds have been tested using Bauer-Kirby method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i5.86

Synthesis, Evaluation of Substituent Effect and Antimicrobial Activities of Substituted (E)-1-(3-bromo-4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Compounds

A series of ten substituted (E)-1-(3-bromo-4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds were synthesized by Crossed-Aldol condensation of 3-bromo-4-marpholino acetophenone with various substituted and unsubstituted benzaldehydes in presence of sodium hydroxide. The entire ten compounds are novel and these have been newly synthesized compounds. The synthesized substituted 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one were characterized by their physical constants and UV, IR, NMR spectral data. These observed UV absorption maximum (λmax nm) value. The group frequencies of infrared absorption (cm-1) of νCO s-cis and s-trans, deformation modes of νCH out of plane and in-plane, νCH=CH out of plane, ν>C=C<out of plane values, 1H chemical shifts (ppm) vinyl protons, 13C chemical shifts (ppm) carbonyl carbons and vinyl carbons values were correlated with various Hammett substituent constants, and Swain-Lupton parameters using single and multi-regression analyses. From the results of statistical analysis, the effects of substituents on the functional group frequencies were studied. The antimicrobial activities of these synthesized substituted (E)-1-(3-bromo-4-morpholinophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones have been screened using Kirby-Bauer method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v9i1.85

Synthesis, spectral LFER and antimicrobial activities of some (E)-N׳-(1-(substituted phenyl)ethylidene)benzohydrazides

About eleven substituted (E)-N׳-(1-(substituted phenyl) ethylidene) benzo- hydrazides have been synthesized. They are characterized by their analytical, ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectral data. The antibacterial and fungal activities of these chalcones have been evaluated

Design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope with a hybrid vibration isolation system

A spectroscopic imaging-scanning tunneling microscope (SI-STM) allows the atomic scale visualization of surface electronic and magnetic structure of novel quantum materials with high energy resolution. To achieve the optimal performance, low vibration facility is required. Here, we describe the design and the performance of an ultrahigh vacuum STM system supported by a hybrid vibration isolation system that consists of a pneumatic passive and a piezoelectric active vibration isolation stages. The STM system is equipped with a 1K pot cryogenic insert and a 9 Tesla superconducting magnet, capable of continuous SI-STM measurements for 7 days. A field ion microscopy system is installed for in situ STM tip treatment. We present the detailed vibrational noise analysis of the hybrid vibration isolation system and demonstrate the performance of our STM system by taking high resolution spectroscopic maps and topographic images on several quantum materials. Our results establish a new strategy to achieve an effective vibration isolation system for high-resolution STM and other scanning probe microscopy to investigate the nanoscale quantum phenomena

Fuzzy-based efficient control of DC microgrid configuration for PV-energized EV charging station

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as the leading-edge form of mobility. However, the integration of electric vehicles with charging stations is a contentious issue. Managing the available grid power and bus voltage regulation is addressed through renewable energy. This work proposes a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)-powered EV charging station with converter control technique. The controller unit is interfaced with the renewable energy source, bidirectional converter, and local energy storage unit (ESU). The bidirectional converter provides a regulated output with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) during charging and discharging. The fuzzy control is implemented to maintain a decentralized power distribution between the microgrid DC-link and ESU. The PV coupled to the DC microgrid of the charging station is variable in nature. Hence, the microgrid-based charging is examined under a range of realistic scenarios, including low, total PV power output and different state of charge (SOC) levels of ESU. In order to accomplish the effective charging of EV, a decentralized energy management system is created to control the energy flow among the PV system, the battery, and the grid. The proposed controller’s effectiveness is validated using a simulation have been analyzed using MATLAB under various microgrid situations. Additionally, the experimental results are validated under various modes of operation.Web of Science166art. no. 275

Predictors of unfavorable responses to therapy in rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis using an integrated approach of radiological presentation and sputum mycobacterial burden

INTRODUCTION: Despite the exalted status of sputum mycobacterial load for gauging pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and progress, Chest X-rays supplement valuable information for taking instantaneous therapeutic decisions, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though literature on individual parameters is overwhelming, few studies have explored the interaction between radiographic parameters denoting severity with mycobacterial burden signifying infectivity. By using a sophisticated approach of integrating Chest X-ray parameters with sputum mycobacterial characteristics, evaluated at all the three crucial time points of TB treatment namely pre-treatment, end of intensive phase and completion of treatment, utilizing the interactive Cox Proportional Hazards model, we aimed to precisely deduce predictors of unfavorable response to TB treatment. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We extracted de-identified data from well characterized clinical trial cohorts that recruited rifampicin-sensitive Pulmonary TB patients without any comorbidities, taking their first spell of anti-tuberculosis therapy under supervision and meticulous follow up for 24 months post treatment completion, to accurately predict TB outcomes. Radiographic data independently obtained, interpreted by two experienced pulmonologists was collated with demographic details and, sputum smear and culture grades of participants by an independent statistician and analyzed using the Cox Proportional Hazards model, to not only adjust for confounding factors including treatment effect, but also explore the interaction between radiological and bacteriological parameters for better therapeutic application. RESULTS: Of 667 TB patients with data available, cavitation, extent of involvement, lower zone involvement, smear and culture grade at baseline were significant parameters predisposing to an unfavorable TB treatment outcome in the univariate analysis. Reduction in radiological lesions in Chest X-ray by at least 50% at 2 months and 75% at the end of treatment helped in averting unfavorable responses. Smear and Culture conversion at the end of 2 months was highly significant as a predictor (p2 zones, were 3.05 (95% CI: 1.12–8.23) and 1.92 (95% CI: 0.72–5.08) respectively. Patients without cavitation, zonal involvement 2 zones and 3+ smear grade individually and independently forecasted a poorer TB outcome. The interaction model revealed that Zonal involvement confined to 2 zones, without a cavity and smear grade up to 2+, constituting “minimal disease”, had a better prognosis. Radiological clearance >50% along with smear conversion at the end of intensive phase of treatment, observed to be a reasonable alternative to culture conversion in predicting a successful outcome. These parameters may potentially take up key positions as stratification factors for future trials contemplating on shorter TB regimens