Temporomandibular Joint Pain

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial articulation between mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa in the temporal bone. Any structural and/or functional changes can affect the TMJ and related structures. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal disorders mainly characterised by regional pain in the facial and preauricular area and/or limitations/interference of jaw movement. TMD has multifactorial aetiology, which includes biology, and environmental social, emotional, and cognitive factors. TMD is more common orofacial pain condition and nondental origin. Factors associated with TMD include other pain condition, auto-immune disorder and psychiatric illness. The clinical conditions may present with limitation in opening and closing mouth, pain and articular noise. So this chapter mainly deals with the classification of TMJ disorder, diagnosis and management particularly TENS and ultrasound therapy for TMJ disorder

Population distribution analyses reveal a hierarchy of molecular players underlying parallel endocytic pathways.

Single-cell-resolved measurements reveal heterogeneous distributions of clathrin-dependent (CD) and -independent (CLIC/GEEC: CG) endocytic activity in Drosophila cell populations. dsRNA-mediated knockdown of core versus peripheral endocytic machinery induces strong changes in the mean, or subtle changes in the shapes of these distributions, respectively. By quantifying these subtle shape changes for 27 single-cell features which report on endocytic activity and cell morphology, we organize 1072 Drosophila genes into a tree-like hierarchy. We find that tree nodes contain gene sets enriched in functional classes and protein complexes, providing a portrait of core and peripheral control of CD and CG endocytosis. For 470 genes we obtain additional features from separate assays and classify them into early- or late-acting genes of the endocytic pathways. Detailed analyses of specific genes at intermediate levels of the tree suggest that Vacuolar ATPase and lysosomal genes involved in vacuolar biogenesis play an evolutionarily conserved role in CG endocytosis

DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN AMONG GERIATRIC PATIENTS ADMITTED IN MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the drug utilization pattern in terms of defined daily dose (DDD) among geriatric patients admitted in medicalintensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Retrospective medical record analysis was performed for the geriatric patients (age ≥65 years) admitted in MICU from 1st January 2012 to30th June 2012. The relevant data were collected in a proforma. The drugs were categorized by anatomical therapeutic classification and their DDDwas calculated.Results: Diabetes mellitus was the most common cause for admission. Parenteral preparations (51.12%) constituted the largest share among allthe drugs prescribed. Pantoprazole - A02BC02 with DDD 25.3 was the most commonly prescribed parenteral drug (23.5%). Amlodipine - C08CA01with DDD 29.0 was the most commonly prescribed oral drug (27.6%). Average number of drugs per patient was 9.37±0.27. Average number ofantimicrobials prescribed per patient was 1.26±0.09. Ceftriaxone was the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drug.Conclusion: This study shows the most common causes of admission among geriatric patients in MICU setup and the pattern of drugs used. Drugutilization studies of this type may ultimately help in improving the quality of healthcare given to the geriatric patients.Keywords: Anatomical therapeutic chemical classification, Defined daily dose system, Drug utilization pattern, Geriatric patients

A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Vaccines, Adverse Reactions, and the Imperative of Early Diagnosis

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disorder and is defined by the existence of circulating G immunoglobulins (IgG) against basement membrane antigens BP180 and BP230, the immunobullous skin disorder characteristically presents with intense bullae and intense generalized pruritis, where the immune system attacks a thin layer of tissue below the outer layer of skin. Most of the BP cases are due to autoantibodies against proteins arranged at the dermal-epidermal junction, BP is also caused by systemic medications. Either the presence of certain triggering factors in the covid vaccine or the dissimilarity between the vaccine structure and the basement membrane antigens, had activated the B-cell immunity and therefore the production of antibodies, which is the main cause behind the activation of BP. A classic case of this condition is presented here to highlight and to create awareness about the symptoms occurred after COVID-19 vaccination. A 41-year-old female patient presented with BP caused after the administration of 1st dose of covid vaccine

Enhancing the Shelf Life of Palak and Coriander through Modified Atmosphere Packaging under Diverse Storage Environments

Aim: Green leafy vegetables are renowned for their rich vitamin and mineral content as well as their nutritional value. However, these vegetables are highly perishable due to their accelerated rates of respiration and transpiration. The process of packing and the choice of packaging materials play a crucial role in extending their shelf life. The main aim of this study was to prolong the shelf life of two prominent leafy greens, Palak (Beta vulgaris L. var. bengalensis) and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), using Modified Atmospheric Packaging (MAP) and various packaging materials. Study Design: The study employed an FCRD experimental design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, HC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore during the year 2023. Methodology: Freshly harvested Palak and Coriander were collected, sorted, and prepared as 250-gram samples. Two packaging materials (LDPE and PP) and three gas compositions (G1, G2, G3) was employed. The vegetables were stored under both ambient (35±5°C) and refrigerated (5°C) conditions and their physiological loss in weight (PLW %) was monitored. The observations were taken every day up to the spoilage of the produce. Results: According to the research findings, vegetables could remain fresh under ambient storage for up to 4 days and under refrigeration for up to 15 days. In ambient storage conditions, Palak exhibited the longest shelf life in treatment T3 - G3M1 (4% O2, 5% CO2, LDPE), followed by T5 - G2M2 (6% O2, 5% CO2, PP). Meanwhile, Coriander showed better shelf life in treatment T2 - G2M1 (6% O2, 5% CO2, LDPE), followed by T6 - G3M2 (4% O2, 5% CO2, PP). Under refrigerated storage conditions, Palak exhibited an extended shelf life in treatment T9 - G3M1 (4% O2, 5% CO2, LDPE), followed by T12 - G3M2 (4% O2, 5% CO2, PP). For Coriander, the best results were achieved with treatment T12 - G3M2 (4% O2, 5% CO2, PP), followed by T8 - G2M1 (6% O2, 5% CO2, LDPE). Conclusion: Proper packaging and gas composition significantly increased the shelf life of these leafy greens, offering potential benefits for both producers and consumers. Palak had a longer shelf life when stored under refrigerated conditions, up to 14 days, while Coriander could be kept fresh for up to 12 days in the refrigerator. Gas composition G3 (4% O2, 5% CO2) was found to be effective and LDPE was generally the preferred packaging material in extending the shelf life of the vegetables

Assessment of polyetheretherketone crown in patients: An original research

Introduction: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has a long history of usage in implant abutments, but it has not seen much applications in tooth-supported prosthetics. The purpose of this research was to examine the clinical performance of PEEK crowns as well as the level of patient satisfaction with them. The pilot study was designed as an in vivo longitudinal examination. Material and Methods: Twenty patients each received a PEEK crown during the procedure. In total, 22 implants were inserted, with 11 going into the maxilla and 9 into the mandible. One operator was responsible for carrying out each phase of the procedure. The resin cement was used to lute the crowns that were produced. Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the crowns were placed, they were evaluated for various parameters using Modified Ryge's Criteria. These evaluations were performed at intervals of 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. In addition, a questionnaire was used at the same time to assess the level of satisfaction felt by patients. Fisher's exact test was utilized in the process of analyzing the data that were gathered. Results: According to the findings, 92.5% of the crowns met the modified version of Ryge's criterion for a satisfactory rating. Three crowns had a fracture recorded. There was some chipping off observed in five of the crowns. There was not any significant difference in the other factors that were examined. The periodontal health of these three patients showed a slight degree of variance (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The capacity of PEEK crowns to create high-quality prostheses that were deemed satisfactory with a reasonably low rate of fracture during the relative mean duration of 1 year was established by the application of Modified Ryge's Criteria. The PEEK crowns demonstrated their ability to produce quality prostheses

Urban Rural Comparisons of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Burden among Adolescent Girls in a Hospital Setting in India

Background. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disorder characterized by varying clinical presentations. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine urban and rural differences in the burden of polycystic ovarian syndrome among Indian adolescent females aged 12 to 19 years. Methods. A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one month (August-September 2013) at Balaji Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. The final sample included 126 study participants located in various urban (50%, n=63) and rural (50%, n=63) settings. Information was gathered on sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, clinical history, occurrence of acne and hirsutism, serum testosterone levels, obstetric history, family history of chronic diseases, menstrual history, physical activity, and dietary intake. Results. Eighteen percent of the participants were confirmed of having PCOS by recent guidelines of Rotterdam Consensus for adolescent diagnosis of PCOS (presence of all three elements). Majority of the individuals with PCOS had an average age of 16 (SD = 2) (P=.02) years with an average age of menarche 12 years (SD = 1). Conclusion. The proportion of participants diagnosed with PCOS was higher among urban participants in comparison to rural participants