A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Vaccines, Adverse Reactions, and the Imperative of Early Diagnosis

Abstract

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disorder and is defined by the existence of circulating G immunoglobulins (IgG) against basement membrane antigens BP180 and BP230, the immunobullous skin disorder characteristically presents with intense bullae and intense generalized pruritis, where the immune system attacks a thin layer of tissue below the outer layer of skin. Most of the BP cases are due to autoantibodies against proteins arranged at the dermal-epidermal junction, BP is also caused by systemic medications. Either the presence of certain triggering factors in the covid vaccine or the dissimilarity between the vaccine structure and the basement membrane antigens, had activated the B-cell immunity and therefore the production of antibodies, which is the main cause behind the activation of BP. A classic case of this condition is presented here to highlight and to create awareness about the symptoms occurred after COVID-19 vaccination. A 41-year-old female patient presented with BP caused after the administration of 1st dose of covid vaccine