Al límite del principio de autoria: la propiedad intelectual de la Inteligencia Artificial

Desde hace algún tiempo la tecnología está generando contenidos susceptibles de ser catalogados como obras —música, teatro, cine, literatura, pintura, etc.— protegibles por la propiedad intelectual (PI) y/o el copyright. Son las llamadas computer-generated works (CGW), con exponentes como El retrato de Edmond de Belamy o The Next Rembrandt. Esta realidad nos interpela, por un lado, sobre la vigencia del principio de autoría "no hay obra sin autor y no hay autor sin obra" y, por el otro, sobre si las soluciones que ofrece el derecho comparado son (o no) suficientes o adecuadas. En el camino, nos interrogaremos sobre otras creaciones no humanas: las de los animales y las de los transhumanos (híbridos, cíborgs) creadores de obras, y analizaremos tanto el objeto (la obra) como el sujeto (el autor) para terminar con la defensa de una propiedad intelectual basada en la centralidad de la figura antropocentrista del autor y relegando la protección de otras formas de creación a marcos diferentes.Des de fa algun temps, la tecnologia està generant continguts susceptibles de ser catalogats com a obres —música, teatre, cinema, literatura, pintura, etc.— protegibles per la propietat intel·lectual (PI) o el copyright. Són les anomenades computer-generated works (CGW), amb exponents com El retrat d'Edmond de Belamy o The Next Rembrandt. Aquesta realitat ens interpel·la, d'una banda, sobre la vigència del principi d'autoria "no hi ha obra sense autor i no hi ha autor sense obra" i, d'altra banda, sobre si les solucions que ofereix el dret comparat són (o no) suficients o adequades. Pel camí, ens interrogarem sobre altres creacions no humanes: les dels animals i les dels transhumans (híbrids, cíborgs) creadors d'obres, i n'analitzarem tant l'objecte (l'obra) com el subjecte (l'autor) per acabar amb la defensa d'una propietat intel·lectual basada en la centralitat de la figura antropocentrista de l'autor i relegant la protecció d'altres formes de creació a diferents marcs.For some time now, technology has been generating content that can be categorized as works – music, theatre, cinema, literature, painting, etc. – that are eligible for intellectual property (IP) and/or copyright protection. These are known as computer-generated works (CGW), with examples such as the Edmond de Belamy portrait or The Next Rembrandt. This raises questions, on the one hand, about the validity of the authorship principle, i.e., there is no work without an author and no author without a work, and on the other hand, whether the solutions provided by comparative law are (or are not) sufficient or appropriate. In the thesis, we also explore other non-human creations: those of animals and transhumans (hybrids, cyborgs). We will analyze both the object (the work) and the subject (the author), concluding with a defense of intellectual property based on the centrality of the anthropocentric figure of the author, and relegating the protection of other forms of creation to different frameworks.Societat de la informació i el coneixemen

Surgeons' perspectives on artificial intelligence to support clinical decision-making in trauma and emergency contexts: results from an international survey

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining traction in medicine and surgery. AI-based applications can offer tools to examine high-volume data to inform predictive analytics that supports complex decision-making processes. Time-sensitive trauma and emergency contexts are often challenging. The study aims to investigate trauma and emergency surgeons' knowledge and perception of using AI-based tools in clinical decision-making processes. Methods: An online survey grounded on literature regarding AI-enabled surgical decision-making aids was created by a multidisciplinary committee and endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). The survey was advertised to 917 WSES members through the society's website and Twitter profile. Results: 650 surgeons from 71 countries in five continents participated in the survey. Results depict the presence of technology enthusiasts and skeptics and surgeons' preference toward more classical decision-making aids like clinical guidelines, traditional training, and the support of their multidisciplinary colleagues. A lack of knowledge about several AI-related aspects emerges and is associated with mistrust. Discussion: The trauma and emergency surgical community is divided into those who firmly believe in the potential of AI and those who do not understand or trust AI-enabled surgical decision-making aids. Academic societies and surgical training programs should promote a foundational, working knowledge of clinical AI