DIAGNOSIS OF THE NEED TO IMPLEMENTATION THE "SIX SIGMA" METHODOLOGY IN MSMES OF MANUFACTURES IN THE CITY OF MILAGRO, ECUADOR

Actualmente, las micro, pequeñas, medianas empresas “MIPYMES” en su constante búsqueda por ofrecer servicios de calidad, deben implementar mejoras continuas en sus procesos. Uno de los sectores que muestra constantes variantes en sus métodos es el sector manufacturero, que en su afán de innovar constantemente debe incluir nuevas metodologías para mejorar su productividad, por esta razón, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar mediante la metodología “Six Sigma” como una alternativa de solución para las MIPYMES manufactureras ubicadas en la ciudad de Milagro, Provincias del Guayas, Ecuador, con la finalidad de obtener la entera satisfacción del cliente teniendo un proceso de producción con alta calidad. Se empleó una metodología descriptiva, mediante la aplicación de encuestas y posterior análisis descriptivo a los gerentes propietarios de las MIPYMES, encontrándose que más el 60 % de ellos desean aplicar la metodología en sus procesos de producción. Palabras Claves: Six Sigma, MIPYMES, Sector Manufacturero, Calidad. Referencias [1] F. Ortiz Z, E. Brito A y M . Ovalles, “Sistema de medición de la capacidad de innovación tecnológica aplicado a una empresa manufacturera”, Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología, 11, pp. 013-020, 2007. [2]T. F. Herrera, "Aplicación de Seis Sigma en una empresa productora de Cemento.," Escenarios, vol. 9, nº 1, pp. 7-17, 2011. [3]L. Socconini, "Lean manufacturing: paso a paso", México: Norma, 2008. [4]S. Marash, "Six Sigma: Business Results Through Innovation", Quality Congress. ASQ´s World Conference on Quality and Improvement Proceedings, pp. 627, 2002 [5]F. Gómez Fraile, J. F. Vilar Barrio y M. Tejero Monzón, "Seis Sigma", Madrid: Fundación Confemental, 2003 [6]R. Schroeder, K. Linderman, C. Liedke y A. Choo, "Six Sigma: Definition and urderlying theory," Journal of Operations Management, nº 26, pp. 536-554, 2008. [7]J. Mast y J. Lokkerbol, “An analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC method from the perspective of problem solving”, International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 139, Issue 2, pp 604-614, 2012. [8]K. Linderman, R.G. Schroeder, S. Zaheer y A.S. Choo, “Six Sigma: a goal-theoretic perspective”, Journal of Operations Management, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 193-203, 2003.Currently, MSMEs in their constant search for quality services must implement continuous improvements in their processes. One of the sectors that shows constant variations in its methods is the manufacturing sector, which in its eagerness to innovate constantly must include new methodologies to improve its productivity, for this reason, the present investigation aims to evaluate the Six Sigma methodology as an alternative of solution for the manufacturing MSME located in the city of Milagro, Province of Guayas, Ecuador, with the purpose of obtaining the complete satisfaction of the client having a production process with high quality. A descriptive methodology was used, through the application of surveys and subsequent descriptive analysis to the owner managers of MSMEs, finding that more than 60% of them want to apply the methodology in their production processes. Keywords: Six Sigma, MSME, Manufacturing Sector, Quality. References [1] F. Ortiz Z, E. Brito A and M . Ovalles, “Sistema de medición de la capacidad de innovación tecnológica aplicado a una empresa manufacturera”, Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología, 11, pp. 013-020, 2007. [2]T. F. Herrera, "Aplicación de Seis Sigma en una empresa productora de Cemento.," Escenarios, vol. 9, nº 1, pp. 7-17, 2011. [3]L. Socconini, "Lean manufacturing: paso a paso", México: Norma, 2008. [4]S. Marash, "Six Sigma: Business Results Through Innovation", Quality Congress. ASQ´s World Conference on Quality and Improvement Proceedings, pp. 627, 2002 [5]F. Gómez Fraile, J. F. Vilar Barrio and M. Tejero Monzón, "Seis Sigma", Madrid: Fundación Confemental, 2003 [6]R. Schroeder, K. Linderman, C. Liedke and A. Choo, "Six Sigma: Definition and urderlying theory," Journal of Operations Management, nº 26, pp. 536-554, 2008. [7]J. Mast and J. Lokkerbol, “An analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC method from the perspective of problem solving”, International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 139, Issue 2, pp 604-614, 2012. [8]K. Linderman, R.G. Schroeder, S. Zaheer and A.S. Choo, “Six Sigma: a goal-theoretic perspective”, Journal of Operations Management, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 193-203, 2003

Interaction between Poly(9,9-bis(6′-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene phenylene) Bromide and DNA as Seen by Spectroscopy, Viscosity, and Conductivity: Effect of Molecular Weights and DNA Secondary Structure

The interaction between three poly(9,9-bis(6-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene phenylene) bromide (HTMA-PFP) samples of different molecular weights (Mn = 14.5, 30.1 and 61.3 kg/mol) and both dsDNA and ssDNA secondary structures has been studied using UV−visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies (including steady-state, time-resolved, and anisotropy measurements for the latter), viscosity, and electrical conductivity in 4% (v/v) DMSO−water mixtures. At low nucleic acid concentrations, formation of a 1:1 complex in terms of HTMA-PFP repeat units and DNA bases occurs. This interaction results in quenching of polymer emission. For higher molar ratios of DNA to HTMA-PFP, corresponding to charge neutralization, a second process is observed that is attributed to aggregate formation. From the changes in the absorption spectra, the polymer aggregation constant and the aggregate absorption spectra were calculated by applying an iterative method. Polymer aggregation dramatically quenches HTMA-PFP fluorescence in the region of the electroneutrality point. Under these conditions, the ratio of the emission intensity at 412 nm (maximum) to that at 434 nm (I412/I434) reaches a minimum, the electrical conductivity decreases, and the viscosity of the solution remains constant, showing that the DNA concentration can be determined through various HTMA-PFP physicochemical properties. With respect to the photophysical parameters (emission quantum yield, shape and shift of emission spectra), no significant differences were observed between dsDNA and ssDNA or with conjugated polymer or DNA molecular weight. The two short-lived components in the fluorescence decays are attributed to the presence of aggregates. Aggregates are also suggested to be responsible for the decrease in the fluorescence anisotropy through interchain exciton migration

Fast determination of harmala alkaloids in edible algae by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry

The use of algae as a foodstuff is rapidly expanding worldwide from the East Asian countries, where they are also used for medical care. Harmala alkaloids (HAlk) are a family of bioactive compounds found in the extracts of some plants, including wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), an edible marine invasive algae. HAlks are based on a characteristic β-carboline structure with at least one amino ionizable group. In this work, we report the successful separation of a mixture of six HAlks (harmine, harmaline, harmol, harmalol, harmane, and norharmane) by capillary electrophoresis ion-trap mass spectrometry (CE-IT-MS) in less than 8 min. Optimum separation in fused-silica capillaries and detection sensitivity in positive-ion mode were achieved using a background electrolyte (BGE) with 25 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate (pH 7.8) and 10 % (v/v) methanol, and a sheath liquid with 60:40 (v/v) isopropanol–water and 0.05 % (v/v) formic acid. The separation method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, and reproducibility. Later, a sample pretreatment was carefully optimized to determine HAlks in commercial wakame samples with excellent recovery and repeatability. For the complex wakame extracts, the MS–MS fragmentation patterns of the different HAlks were useful to ensure a reliable identification. The complete procedure was validated using the standard-addition calibration method, determining matrix effects on the studied compounds. Harmalol, harmine, and harmaline were naturally present in the samples and were quantified at very low concentrations, ranging from 7 to 24 μg kg−1 dry algae.Fil: Tascon, Marcos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Benavente, Fernando. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Sanz Nebot, Victoria M.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Gagliardi, Leonardo Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Pinturas (i); Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin