Opınıons of prımary and secondary school prıncıpals on dısplayıng ınstructıonal leadershıp behavıors (Iıstanbul provınce example)

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul ve ortaokul müdürlerinin öğretim liderliği davranışlarının sergilenmesine ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma nitel bir araştırmadır, araştırmanın deseni ise olgu bilim desenidir. Katılımcılar, İstanbul ili Avrupa yakasında 8 ilçede görev yapan 16 adet ilkokul ve ortaokul müdüründen oluşmaktadır. Katılımcı sayısının belirlenmesinde kuramsal örnekleme yaklaşımından, okulların belirlenmesinde ise kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Hallinger ve Murphy (1985) modeline dayalı olarak oluşturulan 11 adet açık uçlu sorudan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler, daha önceden belirlenmiş olan kod listesine göre düzenlenerek betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; okul amaçlarının belirlenmesi ve paylaşılması boyutunda okul müdürlerinin istekli davrandıkları; öğretimin denetimi ve değerlendirilmesi boyutunda sınıf gözlem sonuçlarının okul müdürleri tarafından verimli olarak değerlendirilmediği; öğretim zamanının korunması boyutunda okul müdürleri tarafından derse geç kalan öğrenciler için gerekli önlemlerin alınmadığı; öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişiminin sağlanması boyutunda okul müdürlerinin öğretmenlerle görüşmeye vakit ayırdıkları buna karşın onları yeterince teşvik edemedikleri görülmüştür.The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the principals of primary and secondary schools about their performing of instructional leadership behaviors. The research is based on qualitative research methods and the study group included 16 primary and middle school principals working in 8 districts in the European side of Istanbul. The schools were determined by the convenience sampling method. In this study, the interview form consisting of 11 open-ended questions based on Hallinger and Murphy (1985) model was used by the researcher . The data was analyzed according to the pre-determined code list and exposed to descriptive analysis. According to the results of primary and secondary school principals; school principals are willing to act in the defining and framing the school mission; that the results of the classroom observation are not considered as efficient by the school principals in the dimension of supervision and evaluation of teaching; that the necessary measures were not taken for the students who were late for class by the school principals in the dimension of protection of teaching time; In the dimension of providing professional development of teachers, school principals spent time to discuss with teachers but they could not encourage them enough

Opınıons of prımary and secondary school prıncıpals on dısplayıng ınstructıonal leadershıp behavıors (Iıstanbul provınce example)

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul ve ortaokul müdürlerinin öğretim liderliği davranışlarının sergilenmesine ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma nitel bir araştırmadır, araştırmanın deseni ise olgu bilim desenidir. Katılımcılar, İstanbul ili Avrupa yakasında 8 ilçede görev yapan 16 adet ilkokul ve ortaokul müdüründen oluşmaktadır. Katılımcı sayısının belirlenmesinde kuramsal örnekleme yaklaşımından, okulların belirlenmesinde ise kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Hallinger ve Murphy (1985) modeline dayalı olarak oluşturulan 11 adet açık uçlu sorudan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler, daha önceden belirlenmiş olan kod listesine göre düzenlenerek betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; okul amaçlarının belirlenmesi ve paylaşılması boyutunda okul müdürlerinin istekli davrandıkları; öğretimin denetimi ve değerlendirilmesi boyutunda sınıf gözlem sonuçlarının okul müdürleri tarafından verimli olarak değerlendirilmediği; öğretim zamanının korunması boyutunda okul müdürleri tarafından derse geç kalan öğrenciler için gerekli önlemlerin alınmadığı; öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişiminin sağlanması boyutunda okul müdürlerinin öğretmenlerle görüşmeye vakit ayırdıkları buna karşın onları yeterince teşvik edemedikleri görülmüştür.The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the principals of primary and secondary schools about their performing of instructional leadership behaviors. The research is based on qualitative research methods and the study group included 16 primary and middle school principals working in 8 districts in the European side of Istanbul. The schools were determined by the convenience sampling method. In this study, the interview form consisting of 11 open-ended questions based on Hallinger and Murphy (1985) model was used by the researcher . The data was analyzed according to the pre-determined code list and exposed to descriptive analysis. According to the results of primary and secondary school principals; school principals are willing to act in the defining and framing the school mission; that the results of the classroom observation are not considered as efficient by the school principals in the dimension of supervision and evaluation of teaching; that the necessary measures were not taken for the students who were late for class by the school principals in the dimension of protection of teaching time; In the dimension of providing professional development of teachers, school principals spent time to discuss with teachers but they could not encourage them enough

Gastric balloon to treat obesity: Filled with air or fluid?

BackgroundOur aim was to study the efficacy and safety of different types of intragastric balloon in morbidly obese patients

Population-based assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases: Cappadocia Cohort, Turkey

Background/Aims: the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms and diseases of the lower and upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) in a population-based sample. Materials and Methods: the cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in Cappadocia cohort comprising the Gülşehir and Avanos districts. the “Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire” was applied to persons over the age of 18 years. Results: the GI Symptom Questionnaire was applied to 3369 subjects, and height and body weight were measured in 2797 consenting subjects. of the participants, 61% were female and the mean patient age was 50±15 years. At least one GI symptom was present in 70.6% of the cohort. the most common upper GI symptoms were gastric bloating (31.0%) and heartburn (29.1%). the most common lower GI symptom was abnormal defecation (33.5). the prevalence of upper GIS and lower GIS diseases was 32.7% and 12.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of togetherness of upper and lower GIS diseases was 9.9%. Prevalence of GIS disease was approximately 3 times higher in females (p<0.001). All of the upper and lower GI symptoms and the prevalence of upper GIS disease increased in line with Body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: This first population-based, cross-sectional cohort study revealed that the prevalence of GIS diseases is critically high for optimal public health. Special attention must be paid to these diseases while planning health policies and reimbursements

Population-based assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases: Cappadocia Cohort, Turkey

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms and diseases of the lower and upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) in a population-based sample

The Abdominal Ultrasonography Results of Cappadocia Cohort Study of Turkey Reveals High Prevalence of Fatty Liver

Background: There is limited data about the prevalence of frequent gastrointestinal diseases in developing parts of the world based on community-based screening studies. Therefore, we aimed to present the detailed transabdominal ultrasonography results of the previ- ously completed Turkey Cappadocia cohort study, which included a population-based evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Cappadocia cohort. The transabdominal ultrasonography, anthropometric mea- surements, and disease questionnaires were applied to cohort persons. Results: Transabdominal ultrasonography was performed in 2797 subjects (62.3% were female and the mean age was 51 ± 15 years). Among them, 36% were overweight, 42% were obese, and 14% had diabetes mellitus. The most common pathological finding in trans- abdominal ultrasonography was hepatic steatosis (60.1%). The severity of hepatic steatosis was mild in 53.3%, moderate in 38.8%, and severe in 7.9%. Age, body mass index, liver size, portal vein, splenic vein diameter, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were significantly higher while physical activities were significantly lower in hepatic steatosis group. Ultrasonographic grade of hepatic steatosis was positively correlated with liver size, portal vein and splenic vein diameter, frequency of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Hepatic steatosis was observed in none of the underweight, 11.4% of the normal weights, 53.3% of the overweight, and 86.7% of the obese subjects. The percentage of hepatic steatosis cases with normal weight (lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) was 3.5%. The rate of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the entire cohort was 2.1%. Regression analysis revealed male gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.2), hypertension (HR: 1.5), and body mass index (body mass index: 25-30 HR: 9.3, body mass index >30 HR: 75.2) as independent risk factors for hepatic steatosis. The second most common ultrasonographic finding was gallbladder stone (7.6%). In the regression analysis, female gender (HR: 1.4), body mass index (body mass index: 25-30 HR: 2.1, body mass index >30 HR: 2.9), aging (30-39 age range HR: 1.5, >70 years HR: 5.8), and hypertension (HR: 1.4) were the most important risk factors for gallbladder stone. Conclusions: Cappadocia cohort study in Turkey revealed a high prevalence of hepatic steatosis (60.1%) while the prevalence of gall- bladder stones was 7.6% among the participants. The results of the Cappadocia cohort located in central Anatolia, where overweight and lack of physical activity are characteristic, showed that Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Chronic inflammation may contribute to cancer risk through the accumulation of specific products as a result of DNA damage. Endogenous antioxidant enzymes prevent the formation of these harmful products. Oxidative DNA damage and endogenous antioxidant defense were determined in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Plasma levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nitric oxide (NO) and plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase (G-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in patients with IBD by ELISA and spectrophotometric assay, respectively. Plasma levels of 8-OHdG, SOD, and G-Px activity were found to be increased in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.02, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas NO was unchanged. 8-OHdG level was found to be weakly correlated with age, NO, and SOD. The results show increased DNA damage in patients with IBD. This may explain the increased risk of developing colon cancer in these patients