Ammonia emission in cowshed

Gamybos sąlygomis nustatyta savitoji amoniako emisija trijų tipų karvidėse: apšiltintoje rišamų karvių, neapšiltintoje boksinėje su atvirais mėšlo takais ir boksinėje su grotelėmis dengtais mėšlo kanalais ir apšiltintu stogu. Tvartiniu laikotarpiu NH3 emisija iš gyvulio vietos rišamų karvių ir boksinėje karvidėje su grotelėmis dengtais mėšlo kanalais buvo vienoda - apie 29 g per parą, o neapšiltintoje boksinėje kur kas mažesnė - 17 g per parą. NH3 emisijai didelę įtaką turėjo tvarto oro temperatūra. Temperatūrai nuo 0° C pakilus iki 15° C, emisija iš gyvulio vietos nuo 20 g suintensyvėja iki 30 g per parą, t. y. 1,5 karto. Amoniako emisija per 220 dienų tvartinį laikotarpį iš gyvulio vietos neapšiltintoje karvidėje 3,7 kg, o apšiltintoje - 6,4 kgUnder production conditions ammonia emission was studied in three types of cowshed: in an insulated of tied cows, in an uninsulated cowshed with laying boxes and open manure tracks, and in a cowshed with the insulated roof, boxes and partly slatted floor. During the housing period the NH3 emission from an animal place in the cowshed with the partly slatted floor was the same - approximately 29 g per day, and in the uninsulated cowshed it was greatly less (17 g per day). NH3 emission was greatly influence by the cowshed air temperature. When the temperature rises from 0°C to 15°C, the emission from an animal place increased from 20 g per day, i. e. 1,5 times. Ammonia emission during a 220-d housing period from animal place in an uninsulated cowshed is 3,7 kg, and in an insulated one 6,4 kgVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Veiksniai, lemiantys mikromicetų gausą ir mikotoksinų gamybą grūduose iš ekologinių ir chemizuotų ūkių

In August–September 2003, samples of wheat and barley after harvest were randomly taken from 11 organic and 13 conventional farms in Lithuania. The results of mycological tests indicated that wheat from organic farms was contaminated with fungi by 70.5% (p 0.05) less as compared with wheat from conventional farms. Grains taken from both types of farms were contaminated with fungi from the Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and other genera. The most toxic fungi belong to the genera Fusarium and Alternaria. From wheat of organic farms 22 while from wheat of conventional farms 12 fungal species were isolated. Barley from organic farms 22 fungal species and from conventional farms 20 species. DON and ZEN were most frequent in grain from different farms. 100% of wheat samples from organic and conventional farms contain DON and ZEN. Small amounts of aflatoxins and ochratoxins, up to 0.8 and 0.3 µg kg-1 respectively, were found in samples of wheat from organic farms

Mentha arvensis L. ir Zingiber officinale R. eterinių aliejų antimikrobinis aktyvumas

Tyrimo tikslas – Mentha arvensis L. ir Zingiber officinale R. eterinių aliejų antimikrobinių savybių nustatymas, siekiant įvertinti jų tinkamumą mažinti gyvūnų aplinkos užterštumą mikroorganizmais. Mentha arvensis L. ir Zingiber officinale R. eteriniai aliejai testuoti naudojant Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, Enterococcus faecium Schleifer ir Kilpper-Bälz, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula, Escherichia coli Castellani ir Chalmers, Proteus mirabilis Hauser bakterijų kultūras, taip pat mieles Candida albicans Berkhout. Nustatytos minimalios tirtų eterinių aliejų slopinančios koncentracijos siekė nuo 0,1 iki 50,0 %. Eterinio aliejaus Mentha arvensis L. minimali slopinanti koncentracija siekė nuo 0,1 iki 0,8 % Proteus mirabilis Hauser ir Candida albicans Berkhout bakterijų kultūroms. Zingiber officinale R. eterinio aliejaus minimali slopinanti koncentracija siekė 50,0 % šioms bakterijų kultūroms: Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, Enterococcus faecium Schleifer ir Kilpper-Bälz, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula, Escherichia coli Castellani ir Chalmers, Proteus mirabilis Hauser ir Candida albicans Berkhout mielėmsThe aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils in vitro for a possible application to reduce the content of microorganisms in the air of animal farms. The essential oils Mentha arvensis L. and Zingiber officinale R. were screened against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, Enterococcus faecium Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula, Escherichia coli Castellani and Chalmers, Proteus mirabilis Hauser and yeast Candida albicans Berkhout. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the active essential oils were tested using broth dilution assay at concentrations ranging from 0.1–50.0%. The oils showed a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity: concentrations of 0.1–0.8% of Mentha arvensis L. reduced the total bacterial counts of Proteus mirabilis Hauser and Candida albicans Berkhout. The dilution method revealed that essential oil Zingiber officinale R. only at high bacteriocidal concentrations was able to stop the bacterial growth. Zingiber officinale R. at 50.0% completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, Enterococcus faecium Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula, Escherichia coli Castellani and Chalmers, Proteus mirabilis Hauser and yeast Candida albicans BerkhoutLietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas. Veterinarijos akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Veiksniai, lemiantys mikromicetų gausą ir mikotoksinų gamybą grūduose iš ekologinių ir chemizuotų ūkių

In August–September 2003, samples of wheat and barley after harvest were randomly taken from 11 organic and 13 conventional farms in Lithuania. The results of mycological tests indicated that wheat from organic farms was contaminated with fungi by 70.5% (p 0.05) less as compared with wheat from conventional farms. Grains taken from both types of farms were contaminated with fungi from the Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and other genera. The most toxic fungi belong to the genera Fusarium and Alternaria. From wheat of organic farms 22 while from wheat of conventional farms 12 fungal species were isolated. Barley from organic farms 22 fungal species and from conventional farms 20 species. DON and ZEN were most frequent in grain from different farms. 100% of wheat samples from organic and conventional farms contain DON and ZEN. Small amounts of aflatoxins and ochratoxins, up to 0.8 and 0.3 µg kg-1 respectively, were found in samples of wheat from organic farms

Įvairių konservantų palyginamieji tyrimai

Santr. anglVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Ūkininkaujantiems ekologiškai : [seminarų medžiaga

Aut. nurodyti antr. lap. kt. pusėjeVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Microbiological activity of blended essential oil of medicinal plants Zingibe officinale L. and Cymbopogon citratus L

Essential oils of Zingibe officinale L. and Cymbopogon citratus L. were obtained from a commercial source. They were blended at different ratios (from 0.005% to 50.0%). For microbiological activity of essential oils blends two Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus DSM-No. 799, Enterococcus faecium DSM-No. 2918) and three Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM-No. 939, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis DSM-No. 788) bacteria species as well as yeast Candida albicans DSM-No. 1386 were used. Microorganisms species were obtained from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (Germany). These five germs are commonly used for the evaluation of disinfectant agents. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of essential oils were carried out using gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric detector (Shimadzu GC-2010 Japan) equipped with the capillary column. The Zingibe officinale L. (major essential oils components zingiberene and bisabolene) combined with Cymbopogon citratus L. (major components neral, geraniol) -exhibited the most potent activity against microorganisms. Our result suggested that the mixed functional groups of the major component may be justified for the assessment of their bioactivity. Cymbopogon citratus L. and Zingibe officinale L. presented antimicrobial activity for St. aureus, P. mirabilis, C. albicans, E. coli (MIC=0.05%). As used concentration Cymbopogon citratus L. and Zingibe officinale L. 0.005% percent of growing bacteria St. aureus (82.22±8.96) (p<0.05); P. mirabilis (94.0±3.08) (p<0.05); C. albicans (62.68±22.18) (p<0.05); E. coli (97.24±2.98) (p<0.05). Combination of Cymbopogon citratus L. and Zingibe officinale L. presented a low antimicrobial activity against two microorganisms - minimal bactericidal concentration against P. aeruginosa at a 8.0%, against E. faecium at a 50.0%. [...]Biochemijos katedraBotanikos sodasLietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas. Veterinarijos akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

A FUSARIOTOXINS IN FEED OF DAIRY COWS AND CARRY-OVER TO MILK AND IMPACT ON RAW MILK QUALITATIVE INDICATORS

The research aims of this study were to determine and to evaluate the effect of feed contaminated with different concentrations of fusariotoxins (zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) on the quality of milk investigate concentration zearalenone in cow milk samples. Feed and milk samples were collected from dairy farms which were the high Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in milk. Feed samples were tested by TLC (Romer Labs methods). The zearalenone (ZEA) in the milk was measured by ELISA test, RIDASCREEN® Zearalenon (R-Biopharm AG). The milk qualitative indicators testing was conducted by public enterprise „Pieno tyrimai“ (Lithuania). From 12 dairy cow farms, which have high TBC and SCC, were selected feed samples for detection of fusariotoxins. Average ZEA concentration in feed was 496.25±51 µg/kg (p&lt;0.05), DON average concentration in feed was 65.31±12 µg/kg (p&lt;0.05). Higher amount TBC in milk samples were in those farms where was detection ZEA and DON concentration. As a result, we can assume that the higher TBC in milk samples than 221±20 thous. CFU/ml was find in farms where in feed samples was detected the higher ZEA concentration than 700±50 µg/kg (p&lt;0.05). The highest levels than 650±42 of SCC in milk were found when the feed samples were contaminated ZEA - 700±50 µg/kg (p&lt;0.05) and more. It can also be observed that the higher the ZEA concentration in the sample is, the higher the amount of SCC follows. Comparing concentration ZEA in feed and in milk established percent from 0.01 to 0.31 % (p&lt;0.05). The highest levels of SCC and TBC were found in samples with high concentrations of ZEA. In 16 % milk samples we detected ZEA, concentration was from 0.08 µg/l to 0.4 µg/l. &nbsp

Microbiological activity of blended essential oil of medicinal plants Malaleuca alternifolia L. and Cymbopogon Citrarus L

Biochemijos katedraBotanikos sodasLietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas. Veterinarijos akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Ekologinio žemės ūkio plėtros moksliniai aspektai

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij