Veiksniai, lemiantys mikromicetų gausą ir mikotoksinų gamybą grūduose iš ekologinių ir chemizuotų ūkių

Abstract

In August–September 2003, samples of wheat and barley after harvest were randomly taken from 11 organic and 13 conventional farms in Lithuania. The results of mycological tests indicated that wheat from organic farms was contaminated with fungi by 70.5% (p 0.05) less as compared with wheat from conventional farms. Grains taken from both types of farms were contaminated with fungi from the Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and other genera. The most toxic fungi belong to the genera Fusarium and Alternaria. From wheat of organic farms 22 while from wheat of conventional farms 12 fungal species were isolated. Barley from organic farms 22 fungal species and from conventional farms 20 species. DON and ZEN were most frequent in grain from different farms. 100% of wheat samples from organic and conventional farms contain DON and ZEN. Small amounts of aflatoxins and ochratoxins, up to 0.8 and 0.3 µg kg-1 respectively, were found in samples of wheat from organic farms