The Problem of Tonal Disunity in Sergeĭ Rachmaninoff\u27s All-Night Vigil, op. 37

Recent English-language scholarship has given considerable attention to the issue of tonal disunity, particularly the concepts of tonal pairing, directional tonality, and double-tonic complex. Relatively little attention, however, has been given to Russian music, specifically liturgical repertoires, where tonal centricity has historically been weaker than in most tonal music. This dissertation investigates tonal disunity in Russian sacred works, with special emphasis on Rachmaninoff\u27s All-Night Vigil (1915). This work, though in many ways tonal, relies largely on the structural principles of Russian sacred repertoire, a reliance that is especially evident in movements that challenge traditional Western norms of monotonality. The order of the chapters is defined by a motion from theory to analysis. After a brief historical introduction to Russian liturgical music and the Vigil (Chapter 1), Chapter 2 offers a study of the Russian concept of mutability (peremennost\u27), which refers to tonal or modal decentralization, and provides a larger theoretical context by discussing related concepts that originate in English- and German-language sources. Chapter 3 applies all these concepts in the analysis of church music of Rachmaninoff\u27s time (and slightly earlier). Chapters 4 through 6 focus on three movements from the Vigil that defy monotonal reading, using Schenkerian analytical technique. Movement 12 exhibits relative mutability (pairing of relative keys) at all levels, including the background; movement 1 displays multiple centers related to a proto-harmonic structure (Andreĭ Miasoedov\u27s term); and movement 2 has a relative-mutable structure extremely decentralized by the weakness and indefiniteness of closure. Further specific contributions of this work include (1) experimentation with the Schenkerian analysis of non-monotonal works, a task that has not yet been undertaken for this specific repertoire; (2) a study of cadence in Russian church music; (3) the occasional combination of Schenkerian (linear) and Riemannian (functional) analytical approaches; (4) a theoretical development of the recent Russian notion of proto-harmony; and (5) the introduction of the term common church practice to refer to the anonymous repertoire routinely used in the Russian Orthodox Church

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel derivatives of dithiodiglycolic acid prepared via oxidative coupling of thiols.

Human thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme which plays a crucial role in regulating numerous redox signalling pathways within the cell. While its functioning is important in all cells, levels of TrxR1 expression are higher in cancer cells, possibly as an adaptation to much higher levels of reactive oxygen species and the need for more extensive DNA synthesis. This makes TrxR1 an attractive target for cancer therapy development. Inspired by the structure of disulphide compounds which have advanced through various stages of clinical development, we designed a series of dithiodiglycolic acid derivatives. These were prepared from respective thiol synthons using an iodine- or benzotriazolyl chloride-promoted oxidative disulphide bond formation. Inhibition of TrxR present in cell lysates from human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and rat liver cells indicated several compounds with a potential for TrxR inhibition. Some of these compounds were also tested for growth inhibition against two human cancer cell lines and normal human keratinocytes

The Black Sea Region Energy Cooperation: Current Trends and Prospects

The Black Sea region is one of the most complex regions in terms of energy development. It hosts several major powers and some developing countries that need to cut energy costs. In general, the region is controversial. It is influenced by external actors, and therefore regional stability is very difficult to achieve. In addition, institutional players such as the EU, the Belt and Road Initiative, the Black Sea Trade and Development Bank, etc., have their own vision of the future of the Black Sea region. The article is aimed at assessing the regional balance of power and estimating the interests of the countries of the region. Based on this assessment, the authors have classified the countries in the region, predicted potential alliances, and provided recommendations on how the countries should behave in the region. The key findings comprise the rejection of the two hypotheses: the countries of the region cooperate mainly through similar institutions; and the countries of the region can efficiently cooperate within the framework of a single strategy. The novelty of the article is in a new look on the regional distribution of power and new strategies for cooperation between countries in the region.Keywords: The Black Sea region, energy sector, strategy, institutions, balance of powerJEL Classifications: F59, Q48DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11247</p

Effectiveness of empirical <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy with furazolidone in Russia: results from the European Registry on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Management (Hp-EuReg)

Background. First-line therapy does not always provide a high level of Helicobacter pylori eradication due to the increase of H. pylori resistance to antibiotics; therefore, it remains necessary to identify the most effective rescue treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empirical H. pylori furazolidone-containing regimens. Materials and methods. Adult H. pylori infected patients empirically treated with furazolidone-containing eradication regimens were registered in an international, prospective, multicenter non-intervention European registry on H. pylori management (Hp-EuReg). Data were collected at AEG-REDCap e-CRF from 2013 to 2021 and the quality was reviewed. Modified intention-to-treat (mITT) effectiveness analyses were performed. Results. Overall 106 patients received empirical furazolidone-containing therapy in Russia. Furazolidone was prescribed in a sequential scheme along with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor in 68 (64%) cases, triple regimens were prescribed in 28 (26%) patients and quadruple regimens in 10 (9.4%). Treatment duration of 7 days was assigned to 2 (1.9%) patients, 10-day eradication therapy in case of 80 (75%) and 14 days in 24 (23%) patients. Furazolidone was mainly used in first- (79%) and second-line (21%) regimens. The methods used to diagnose H. pylori infection were: histology (81%), stool antigen test (64%), 13C-urea breath test (6.6%), and rapid urease test (1.9%). The mITT effectiveness of sequential therapy was 100%; 93% with the triple therapy and 75.5% with quadruple therapy. Compliance was reported in 98% of cases. Adverse events were revealed in 5.7% of patients, mostly nausea (3.8%). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion. Furazolidone containing eradication regimens appear to be an effective and safe empirical therapy in Russia

Polyphony as a loosening technique in Mozart's «Haydn» quartets

This study explores the relationship between texture and form in Mozart's six string quartets dedicated to Haydn and claims that texture can act as a form-defining factor. Building on William Caplin's theory of formal functions and on his distinction between tight-knit and loose formal organization, I argue that polyphonic texture serves as a loosening device through grouping-structure conflicts and thus acts as one of the determinants of medial and sometimes concluding formal functionality. Polyphony is also used as a means of contrast, distinguishing two formal sections that use the same motivic material but that differ from each other with regard to textural and formal organization. I define and give examples of contrast pair, a concept that embraces questions of formal functionality, formal structure textural types, and motivic material. Therefore this concept allows one to combine two different, but compatible approaches: the theory of formal functions and motivic analysis.Cette étude explore la relation entre texture et forme dans les six quatuors à cordes de Mozart dédiés à Haydn, et soutient que la texture peut être un facteur déterminant de la forme. En m'inspirant des concepts de fonctions formelles de William Caplin et de la distinction qu'il apporte entre certaines organisations formelles très rigoureuses et d'autres moins structurées, je soutient que la texture polyphonique est utilisée comme élément relâchant lors de conflits groupes-structure, et ainsi agit comme un des éléments détérminants de fonctions formelles médianes, et parfois conclusive. La polyphonie est également employée comme moyen de contraste, en distinguant deux sections formelles utilisant le même matériau motivique mais qui diffèrent entre elles au niveau de la texture et de l'organisation formelle. Je définis et donne des exemples de paires de contrastes, un concept englobant les questions de fonctionnalité formelle, structure formelle, types de texture et matériau motivique. Ce concept permet donc de combiner deux approches différentes, mais compatibles: le théorie de la fonction formelle at l'analyse motivique

The Loosening Role of Polyphony: Texture and Formal Functions in Mozart’s “Haydn” Quartets

This essay demonstrates that texture can act as a form-defining factor by focusing on one specific textural type: imitative polyphony. Mozart’s six quartets dedicated to Haydn illustrate this claim. Building on William Caplin’s form-functional theory and his distinction between tight-knit and loose organization, imitative texture is shown to serve two purposes: as a loosening device, and as a means of textural and phrase-structural contrast. To deepen our understanding of polyphony’s formal and expressive roles, two new concepts are proposed: contrast pair and imitative presentation. The contrast-pair principle is then explored in select Viennese quartets by Mozart’s contemporaries.Cet article montre que la texture peut fonctionner comme un facteur déterminant la forme, en se penchant sur le cas de la texture de la polyphonie en imitation, dont les six quatuors de Mozart dédiés à Haydn en sont des exemples. En se basant sur la théorie de la forme fonctionnelle de William Caplin et sur sa distinction entre l’organisation serrée et l’organisation libre, on y montre que la texture peut servir deux objectifs : alléger l’organisation, et créer un contraste de texture et de structure de phrase musicale. Afin de mieux comprendre les rôles formels et expressifs de la polyphonie, on y propose deux nouveaux concepts : la paire contrastante et la présentation en imitation. Le principe de paire contrastante est ensuite exploré dans une sélection de quatuors viennois de contemporains de Mozart

Common European system of values as the basis of the agricultural enterprises staff motivation

The main problems related to the formation of the European system of values as the basis of agricultural enterprises staff motivation are examined. Considerable attention is paid to the study of base inherent values of Europeans and Ukrainians, of the basic development factors of rural areas in Ukraine and the EU’s countries. The article presents a study of the concept of European values. The main problems that are associated with the formation of the European system of values as the basis of motivation of personnel of agricultural enterprises. Special attention is paid to the study of the basic values that are inherent to the Europeans and the Ukrainians, key factors of development of rural territories of Ukraine and the EU. The expediency of introduction of the man-centered model of shared European values, the benefits of which determined the following: investments in human capital; government support of rural youth; providing preferential loans; free training; financing the purchase of means of production on terms of financial leasing; consulting services; payments to producers in using environmentally sound production methods; support activities in the field of culture, the streamlining of land and improve the landscape, which is a prerequisite for the formation of effective system of motivation of personnel of domestic agricultural enterprises

Common European system of values as the basis of the agricultural enterprises staff motivation

The main problems related to the formation of the European system of values as the basis of agricultural enterprises staff motivation are examined. Considerable attention is paid to the study of base inherent values of Europeans and Ukrainians, of the basic development factors of rural areas in Ukraine and the EU’s countries. The article presents a study of the concept of European values. The main problems that are associated with the formation of the European system of values as the basis of motivation of personnel of agricultural enterprises. Special attention is paid to the study of the basic values that are inherent to the Europeans and the Ukrainians, key factors of development of rural territories of Ukraine and the EU. The expediency of introduction of the man-centered model of shared European values, the benefits of which determined the following: investments in human capital; government support of rural youth; providing preferential loans; free training; financing the purchase of means of production on terms of financial leasing; consulting services; payments to producers in using environmentally sound production methods; support activities in the field of culture, the streamlining of land and improve the landscape, which is a prerequisite for the formation of effective system of motivation of personnel of domestic agricultural enterprises

Facile Access to Fe(III)-Complexing Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids in a Three-Component Format

Cyclic hydroxamic acids can be viewed as effective binders of soluble iron and can therefore be useful moieties for employing in compounds to treat iron overload disease. Alternatively, they are analogs of bacterial siderophores (iron-scavenging metabolites) and can find utility in designing antibiotic constructs for targeted delivery. An earlier described three-component variant of the Castagnoli&mdash;Cushman reaction of homophthalic acid (via in situ cyclodehydration to the respective anhydride) was extended to involve hydroxylamine in lieu of the amine component of the reaction. Using hydroxylamine acetate and O-benzylhydroxylamine was key to the success of this transformation due to greater solubility of the reagents in refluxing toluene (compared to hydrochloride salt). The developed protocol was found suitable for multigram-scale syntheses of N-hydroxy- and N-(benzyloxy)tetrahydroisoquinolonic acids. The cyclic hydroxamic acids synthesized in the newly developed format have been tested and shown to be efficient ligands for Fe3+, which makes them suitable candidates for the above-mentioned applications

Multicomponent Reactions Involving Diazo Reagents: A 5-Year Update

This review summarizes recent developments in multicomponent reactions of diazo compounds. The role of diazo reagent and the type of interaction between components was analyzed to structure the discussion. In contrast to previous reviews on related topics mostly focused on metal catalyzed transformations, a substantial amount of organocatalytic or catalyst-free methodologies is covered in this work