Outsourcing with Heterogeneous Firms

A general framework for the study of outsourcing is introduced that incorporates dynamics and heterogeneity among both upstream and downstream producers to mimic an exit approach (Hirschman, 1970) to building vertical relations. The environment is one of search friction and incomplete contracts, where final-good producers require a specialized input and, upon matching with a supplier, can only contract the quantity of input. The results imply an assorted matching between producers and suppliers, so that more productive producers pair with more productive suppliers in the long run. It is shown that most efficient producers have some propensity to outsource, but only when there is a thick enough density of highly productive suppliers. Average employment in this model might increase or decrease with outsourcing, which is an observed pattern in the data. Some other diversities in plant-level behavior are also present in the results.Outsourcing; Productivity; Heterogeneity; Search Friction; Incomplete Contracts; Exit Strategy

Neonatal meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumonia in Iran

Meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis in newborns and young infants (age<60 days) are the main causes of childhood mortality in developing countries. Even though streptococcus pneumonia is the most commonly detected microorganism in pediatric bacterial meningitis, it is rare in newborn infants. The following article reports a case of pneumococcal meningitis that was detected early in a newborn infant in 2013. A female baby was born by vaginal delivery with a birth weight of 2900 grams. She was symptomatic (poor feeding) from her first day of life, but she was admitted with a toxic status (dehydrated, lethargic, cyanotic, hypo tone, hypo reflex) to our referral center on her third day life. Her blood culture showed no growth of any organism and her urine culture was also negative, but the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture showed growth of streptococcus pneumonia. The maternal sepsis workup was normal. Despite all therapeutic management, unfortunately, the patient died on her fourth day after admission

A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies

Development sociology is an attractive field of research, as well as an interesting philosophical debate which a series of well known philosophers have concentrated upon, such as Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Faced with an impasse, historians and other social scientists set out on a novel journey to examine different aspects of this concept. Thus, this paper tries to elaborate the concept, to review the history, to discuss the main topics in mainstream research, and finally to make policy recommendations based on the discussions. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bakhtiari, S. (2016). A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 150–162