Superintendent Mildred E. Doyle, educational leader, politician, woman

This study recognized the administration of Mildred E. Doyle, Superintendent of Knox County, Tennessee, Schools, 1946-1976. It was the first academic effort to examine the administration of the woman who held the elective superintendency during years which saw Knox County emerge from secluded Appalachian rurality to metropolitan growth. Two purposes guided the research: l. To present an historical account of selected antecedents and of selected significant events in the development of school during the years of the Subject’s tenure as Superintendent of Knox County Schools; and 2. To identify and assess factors portrayed in the historical account which contributed to her attaining, maintaining, and losing the superintendency. The historical account focused on the Subject, daughter of a politically active family in rural South Knox County. It followed her development as a young woman, active in local women’s athletics, sharing her father\u27s interest in political affairs. The study included an account of her educational career from 1924 to 1946 when she became Superintendent of Schools in Knox County. Events of historical significance in the development of schools were identified by selected respondents representing Knox County Court, Knox County Board of Education, members of Knox County Schools central office staff, and school principals. Regarded as particularly worthy of note were programs for personnel development, curriculum improvement, school food service, and buildings and facilities. Events which preceded the Subject\u27s loss of office were included. Identification and assessment of factors which contributed to Miss Doyle\u27s attaining, maintaining, and losing the superintendency considered only those factors related to the County\u27s social organization, to the political situation, and to the Subject\u27s leadership. It was determined that factors which contributed to the Subject\u27s attaining the position included the power structure\u27s preference for emergent leadership within local educational generalists, her father\u27s political support, and her own professional qualifications. Factors which contributed to her continued reelection included the stability of her relationship with the local power structure, her own developing political expertise, and her exhibited leadership strengths. Four major factors contributed to Miss Doyle\u27s loss of the 1976 election: rapid population growth with attendant social stress, growing instability in local political party affiliation, the Subject\u27s advanced age, and change in her behavior patterns which did not meet community expectations

Phospholipase D1 as a Regulator of Morphogenesis in Candida albicans

Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes play significant roles in phospholipid metabolism, secretion, and lipid signal transduction. The yeast Candida albicans possesses a PLD activity that is designated PLD1. This enzyme has been implicated in the regulation of dimorphic transition. In vivo assays using sphinganine, propranolol, and staurosporine were used to test the importance of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG), two downstream products of PLDI activity. A concentration of 5 µM sphinganine was sufficient to decrease the appearance of germ tubes with no effect on culture doubling times. However, at higher concentrations sphinganine was inhibitory to cell growth. Propranolol concentrations up to 1 mM were able to inhibit germ tube formation without increasing doubling times. Increasing concentrations of propranolol (e.g. 2 mM) did inhibit yeast cell growth. Varying concentrations of staurosporine had no effect on either germ tube formation or cell growth. In vitro assays demonstrated a decrease in the conversion of PA to DAG with increasing amounts of propranolol. Since DAG kinase assays showed that DAG levels were not affected, in vivo, by the presence of propranolol, phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity was measured in the presence of propranolol. No significant change in PAPase function was observed. Wildtype albicans, SC5314, showed numerous, invasive hyphae when plated on Spider medium, in contrast to a confirmed pld1Δ mutant which showed no visible hyphae. DAG kinase assays comparing DAG levels between the wild type and mutant strain showed significantly higher levels in the null mutant. These results suggest that C. albicans may be compensating for a loss of PLD-derived DAG, possibly through up-regulation of phospholipase C (PLC). The enzymes monoacyl-glycerol-acyl-transferase (MAGAT) and inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase (IPC synthase) may participate in replacement of the DAG pool. The data also implicate PA, not DAG, as the enzyme needed for morphogenesis

Ultrastructure of the Chorionic Villi in the Term Baboon (Papio sp.) Placenta

The purpose of this paper is to describe the ultrastructure of the chorion frondosum of the baboon fetal placenta at or near term gestation. There is a void or, at best, only limited ultrastructural information in almost all fields of the biological sciences. The area of placentation is no exception. Since the ultimate goal of many scientific endeavors is the contribution to the vital field of human health, this investigator feels that much information can be gained through the utilization and study of the nonhuman primates in scientific research. The baboon (Papio sp.) has been shown to be quite similar to the human from many aspects. Some work has been done on the biological structure and ultrastructure of primate fetal placentae, however, most of it has been limited to man. Ramsey and Harris have reported their observations on the macaque fetal placenta. The literature on the histological structure of the baboon placenta during the fetal period of gestation is also quite limited. Breschet and Turner reported limited observations on single specimens; Coventry described the placenta of a baboon killed at 4 months of gestation; Hilleman described a specimen obtained near term; Houston and Hendrickx have reported their observations on the fetal vasculature of full-term baboon placentae; and recently Houston reported a detailed consideration of observations on the development of the baboon placenta during the fetal period of gestation. As can be noted, the literature on the histological structure of the baboon fetal placenta is limited and there have been no reported observations on the ultrastructure of the baboon fetal placenta. Several detailed considerations on the fine structure of hemochorial placentae, especially of the human placenta, have been published and are useful in the comparison of the baboon term chorion frondosum with that of the human. It is felt that the ultrastructure as well as the histological structure of the nonhuman primates must be investigated and described. This would benefit not only comparative studies, but also basic research by contributing to our foundation of knowledge. Only in this way can the bases be set from which other scientific researchers can investigate and elucidate the normal as well as the pathological processes involving and/or related to placentation, and ultimately contribute these to the benefit of man. The purpose of this paper is to describe the ultrastructure of the chorion frondosum of the baboon fetal placenta at or near term gestation

The Database Marketplace 2002: The Database Universe

After acquiring the UnCover document delivery service in 2000, Ingenta developed a new Library Gateway service for document delivery. Users search one of two databases. One contains online full-text articles from 5400+ titles. The other database, for traditional document delivery, has citations from 20,000+ periodical titles, with articles supplied by the British Library Document Supply Centre and the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

The Database Marketplace 2001: Racing at Full Speed

In both car racing and in the information industry, large multinational companies are major players. Though we don\u27t yet wear the names of information companies like Thomson and Reed Elsevier on our T-shirts, their brands are on many of our products. In the last seven years, Thomson purchased Findlaw, Dialog, and Information Access Company, to add to holdings that already included Gale Group, ISI, and Westlaw

The art of conjuring E-content: content disappears, companies solidify their primary businesses, technology connects and expands databases. (Database marketplace 2003)

ANY MAGICIAN WOULD be proud of the database industry. Disappearing acts, metamorphoses, and even a bit of pure trickery characterized this magical year. The dirtiest trick award goes to the divine/RoweCom/Faxon debacle. This show unfolded over several months and continues, as both RoweCom and parent company divine have filed for bankruptcy. EBSCO having recently acquired what\u27s left of RoweCom\u27s subscription businesses worldwide and is working with publishers to strike a deal that will help libraries pull their undelivered serials out of the bankruptcy hat. But divine is also the parent company of NorthernLight. This highly touted web search engine has already discontinued its article sales service, Special Collection. Factiva has offered Special Collection\u27s corporate customers a subset of Factiva\u27s content to replace the lost service

Shopping for information: industry behemoths, niche sellers, and boutique shops compete for library dollars

Both librarians and end users have more shopping options than ever when it comes to finding information. From small boutiques with specialized products to the one-stop shopping of megastores, the database marketplace of 2005 resembles retail shopping. But some worry that the information marketplace will be subject to the same uncertain market conditions of the retail world, where it\u27s difficult for small stores to compete when megachains come to town

Homeless street children in Nepal : use of allostatic load to assess the burden of childhood adversity.

As challenges to child well-being through economic disadvantage, family disruption, and migration or displacement escalate world wide, the need for cross-culturally robust understanding of childhood adversity proportionately increases. Toward this end, developmental risk was assessed in four contrasting groups of 107 Nepali children ages 10–14 years that represent distinctive, common conditions in which contemporary children grow up. Relative cumulative burden (allostatic load) indexed by multiple dimensions of physical and psychosocial stress was ascertained among homeless street boys and three family-based groups, from poor urban squatter settlements, urban middle class, and a remote rural village. Biomarkers of stress and vulnerability to stress included growth status, salivary cortisol, antibodies to Epstein–Barr virus, acute phase inflammatory responses (alpha1-antichymotrypsin), and cardiovascular fitness and reactivity (flex heart rate and pressor response). Individual biomarkers of risk and allostatic load differed markedly among groups, were highest in villagers, and varied by components of allostatic load. Such data suggest a need for critical appraisal of homelessness and migration as a risk factor to youth, given prevailing local conditions such as rural poverty, and represents the only multidimensional study of childhood allostatic load and developmental risk in non-Western settings