488 research outputs found
Endowments and new institutions for long-term observations
Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 20, 4 (2007): 10-14.An ever-increasing volume of publications
on the changing ocean environment
underscores the requirement for
long-term observations to understand
and predict ocean and climate change.
Such observations must be globally
distributed and carried out over long
time periods. But a means of obtaining
those observationsâparticularly in
the oceanâis not in place today. There
is no global system of routinely funded,
long-term, high-quality measurements
to provide the necessary understanding
of climate in general and the ocean
in particular. The scientific literature
is full of examples of tantalizing short
records that do not illuminate the physical
problems. Long-term biological
measurements are in an even more limited
state of development. With society
demanding better forecasts, and the need
to quantify the human role in climate
change, it is more important than ever
that we find ways to establish the necessary
institutional basis for and achieve
the proper levels of funding for long-term
measurements
Rapid Earthquake Characterization Using MEMS Accelerometers and Volunteer Hosts Following the M 7.2 Darfield, New Zealand, Earthquake
We test the feasibility of rapidly detecting and characterizing earthquakes with the QuakeâCatcher Network (QCN) that connects lowâcost microelectromechanical systems accelerometers to a network of volunteerâowned, Internetâconnected computers. Following the 3 September 2010 M 7.2 Darfield, New Zealand, earthquake we installed over 180 QCN sensors in the Christchurch region to record the aftershock sequence. The sensors are monitored continuously by the host computer and send trigger reports to the central server. The central server correlates incoming triggers to detect when an earthquake has occurred. The location and magnitude are then rapidly estimated from a minimal set of received groundâmotion parameters. Full seismic time series are typically not retrieved for tens of minutes or even hours after an event. We benchmark the QCN realâtime detection performance against the GNS Science GeoNet earthquake catalog. Under normal network operations, QCN detects and characterizes earthquakes within 9.1 s of the earthquake rupture and determines the magnitude within 1 magnitude unit of that reported in the GNS catalog for 90% of the detections
BET inhibitors induce apoptosis through a MYC independent mechanism and synergise with CDK inhibitors to kill osteosarcoma cells
Osteosarcoma (OS) survival rates have plateaued in part due to a lack of new therapeutic options. Here we demonstrate that bromodomain inhibitors (BETi), JQ1, I-BET151, I-BET762, exert potent anti-tumour activity against primary and established OS cell lines, mediated by inhibition of BRD4. Strikingly, unlike previous observations in long-term established human OS cell lines, the antiproliferative activity of JQ1 in primary OS cells was driven by the induction of apoptosis, not cell cycle arrest. In further contrast, JQ1 activity in OS was mediated independently of MYC downregulation. We identified that JQ1 suppresses the transcription factor FOSL1 by displacement of BRD4 from its locus. Loss of FOSL1 phenocopied the antiproliferative effects of JQ1, identifying FOSL1 suppression as a potential novel therapeutic approach for OS. As a monotherapy JQ1 demonstrated significant anti-tumour activity in vivo in an OS graft model. Further, combinatorial treatment approaches showed that JQ1 increased the sensitivity of OS cells to doxorubicin and induced potent synergistic activity when rationally combined with CDK inhibitors. The greater level of activity achieved with the combination of BETi with CDK inhibitors demonstrates the efficacy of this combination therapy. Taken together, our studies show that BET inhibitors are a promising new therapeutic for OS
Biliary reconstructive techniques and associated anatomic variants in adult living donor liver transplantations: The adultâtoâadult living donor liver transplantation cohort study experience
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140020/1/lt24872.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140020/2/lt24872_am.pd
L-Edge Spectroscopy of Dilute, Radiation-Sensitive Systems Using a Transition-Edge-Sensor Array
We present X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray
scattering (RIXS) measurements on the iron L-edge of 0.5 mM aqueous
ferricyanide. These measurements demonstrate the ability of high-throughput
transition-edge-sensor (TES) spectrometers to access the rich soft X-ray
(100-2000eV) spectroscopy regime for dilute and radiation-sensitive samples.
Our low-concentration data are in agreement with high-concentration
measurements recorded by conventional grating-based spectrometers. These
results show that soft X-ray RIXS spectroscopy acquired by high-throughput TES
spectrometers can be used to study the local electronic structure of dilute
metal-centered complexes relevant to biology, chemistry and catalysis. In
particular, TES spectrometers have a unique ability to characterize frozen
solutions of radiation- and temperature-sensitive samples.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
âLook into the Book of Lifeâ: Muslim musicians, Sufism, and postmodern spirituality in Britain
Spirituality has been theorised as a characteristic of late-modern society, a consequence of individualisation and of a relativized marketplace of religion. Drawing on findings from ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Muslim musicians in the UK, the author claims that spirituality can indeed be considered a postmodern discourse of belief â with trans-religious applicability â but that at the same time it can be articulated from within a clear understanding of group/religious membership. The concepts of âspiritual capitalâ and âexpressive communalismâ are used to explain the ways through which a postmodern discourse of spirituality is utilised by Muslim musicians from within contemporary networks of Sufism in the West. The author suggests that the cosmopolitan and inclusive nature of these types of Sufism in Britain â particularly amongst third and fourth generation Muslims â represents a frontier of religious change in the UK and a challenge to traditional forms of religious authority, discourse and membership
Improved assembly and variant detection of a haploid human genome using single-molecule, high-fidelity long reads
The sequence and assembly of human genomes using long-read sequencing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of structural variation and genome organization. We compared the accuracy, continuity, and gene annotation of genome assemblies generated from either high-fidelity (HiFi) or continuous long-read (CLR) datasets from the same complete hydatidiform mole human genome. We find that the HiFi sequence data assemble an additional 10% of duplicated regions and more accurately represent the structure of tandem repeats, as validated with orthogonal analyses. As a result, an additional 5 Mbp of pericentromeric sequences are recovered in the HiFi assembly, resulting in a 2.5-fold increase in the NG50 within 1 Mbp of the centromere (HiFi 480.6Â kbp, CLR 191.5Â kbp). Additionally, the HiFi genome assembly was generated in significantly less time with fewer computational resources than the CLR assembly. Although the HiFi assembly has significantly improved continuity and accuracy in many complex regions of the genome, it still falls short of the assembly of centromeric DNA and the largest regions of segmental duplication using existing assemblers. Despite these shortcomings, our results suggest that HiFi may be the most effective standalone technology for de novo assembly of human genomes
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