A reference interval study for common biochemical analytes in Eastern Turkey: a comparison of a reference population with laboratory data mining.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to define the reference intervals (RIs) in a Turkish population living in Northeast Turkey (Erzurum) for 34 analytes using direct and indirect methods. In the present study, the regional RIs obtained were compared with other RI studies, primarily the nationwide study performed in Turkey. Materials and methods: For the direct method, 435 blood samples were collected from a healthy group of females (N = 218) and males (N = 217) aged between 18 and 65 years. The sera were analysed in Ataturk University hospital laboratory using Roche reagents and analysers for 34 analytes. The data from 1,366,948 records were used to calculate the indirect RIs using a modified Bhattacharya method. Results: Significant gender-related differences were observed for 17 analytes. There were also some apparent differences between RIs derived from indirect and direct methods particularly in some analytes (e.g. gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, LDL-cholesterol and iron). The RIs derived with the direct method for some, but not all, of the analytes were generally comparable with the RIs reported in the nationwide study and other previous studies in Turkey.There were large differences between RIs derived by the direct method and the expected values shown in the kit insert (e.g. aspartate aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and vitamin B12). Conclusions: These data provide region-specific RIs for 34 analytes determined by the direct and indirect methods. The observed differences in RIs between previous studies could be related to nutritional status and environmental factors

Do Avanafil and Zaprinast Change Some Selected Cytokine Levels In Ovariectomized Rat’s Liver?

Studies reported that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5Is) positively contributed to bone-mineral-density and thickness in rats with ovariectomy, which have the same condition with postmenapozal period. To explain the positive contribution mechanism on bone mineral density of PDE-5Is, we investigated the effect of zaprinast and avanafil on levels of some pro -or anti-resorptive cytokines in ovariectomized-rats. Albino female rats (8 months and 250-350 g) were used and four groups of equal-number were randomly assigned (n=6). Groups; was the sahm operated, positive control (OVX), Zaprinast and OVX, Avanafil and OVX groups, respectively. The levels of Estrogen, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA kits, in liver of rats. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were high in groups with OVX compared to sham group, while IL-10 levels were low. Also, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were low in zaprinast and especially avanafil-treated groups with OVX and were similar to the sahm group values (p=0.001 for IL-1β, p=0.045 for IL-6, p=0.008 for IL-8, p=0.006 for IL-10, p=0.026 for TNF-α). Zaprinast and especially avanafil inhibited IL-1β, 8 and TNF-α and increased the IL-10 levels compared to the OVX group. This may support opinion that PDE-5Is enhance bone mineralization by inhibiting proresorptive cytokines

Evaluation of the analytical performances of Cobas 6500 and Sysmex UN series automated urinalysis systems with manual microscopic particle counting

Introduction: Automated urinalysis systems are valuable tools in clinical laboratories, especially those with a high work load. The objective of this study was to compare the analytical performance of Sysmex UN series urine analyser, which may become a new one in our laboratory, with the Cobas 6500 automated urine analyser, which is used in our laboratory for a long time. For comparisons, manual microscopical examination was accepted as reference method. Materials and methods: A total of 470 urine samples were tested in the two automated urinalysis systems, and urine sediment testing with manual microscopy was applied to a 100 pathological samples of the total 470. The diagnostic performance of the two automated urine analysers was compared with each other and manual microscopy. Results: Differences were determined between automated and manual microscopy in some pathological samples. The resultant regression equations were as follows. Comparison of Cobas U701 with Sysmex UF-5000: y = - 0.57 (- 0.85 to - 0.29) + 0.95 (0.92 to 0.99) x for RBC, and y = - 0.11 (- 0.54 to 0.29) + 0.89 (0.84 to 0.98) x for WBC; comparison of Cobas U701 with manual microscopy: y = - 0.45 (- 0.85 to 0.21) + 1.00 (0.92 to 1.07) x for WBC; and comparison of Sysmex UF-5000 with manual microscopy: y = - 0.74 (- 1.09 to - 0.57) + 0.87 (0.85 to 0.91) x for WBC. Conclusions: We can conclude that the new Sysmex UN series urine analyser can be safely used in our laboratory. Although the results showed good to moderate concordance, the microscopy results of the automated platforms should be confirmed by manual microscopy, particularly in pathological samples

Effect of different polymerization type on water sorption and solubility of adhesive resın cements

incelenmesidir. Gereç ve yöntem: Mevcut çalışmada 2 farklı self-etch adeziv rezin siman (Duo-Link B, Clearfil Esthetic Cement C) ve 2 farklı self adeziv rezin siman (RelyX U200 Automix R, Maxcem Elite M) test edildi. Her bir adeziv rezin siman için 24 adet örnek hazırlandı ve kullanılan polimerizasyon yöntemine göre 3 farklı gruba ayrıldı; ışıkla polimerizasyon, iki kez ışıkla polimerizasyon ve kimyasal polimerizasyon. Su emilimi ve suda çözünürlük testi ISO 4049:2009 standardına göre yapıldı. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi ile analiz edildi ve Tukey testi anlamlı farklılıkları tespit etmek için kullanıldı (α=0.05). Bulgular: Adeziv rezin simanlar arasında su emilimi ve suda çözünürlük değerleri anlamlı olarak farklıydı (p<0.05). M grubu en yüksek su emilimi değerine sahipken (p<0.05), C grubu en düşük değere sahipti (p<0.05). Suda çözünürlük açısından, en fazla kütle kaybı M grubunda belirlendi. B ve R grupları negatif suda çözünürlük değerleri gösterirken, C ve M grupları pozitif çözünürlük değerleri gösterdi. C ve R grupları için polimerizasyon yöntemleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar belirlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç: M grubu hariç diğer rezin simanların su emilimi ve suda çözünürlük değerleri ISO standartlarıyla uyumluydu. Polimerizasyon yöntemi R grubunun su emilimini, C grubunun ise su emilimini ve suda çözünürlüğünü etkiledi.Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different polymerization types on water sorption and solubility of adhesive resin cements. Material and methods: Two self-etch adhesive resin cements (Duo-Link B, Clearfil Esthetic Cement C) and two selfadhesive resin cements (RelyX U200 Automix R, Maxcem Elite M) were tested in the present study. Twenty-four specimens were prepared for each adhesive resin cement and divided into 3 groups according to the polymerization type used: lightcuring, double light-curing, and self-curing. The water sorption and solubility were determined according to ISO 4049:2009. Data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance, and the post-hoc Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: The water sorption and solubility were significantly different among the adhesive resin cements (p<0.05). M group had the highest water sorption values (p<0.05), while C group had the lowest values (p<0.05). Concerning the water solubility, the highest mass loss was noted for M group. B and R groups have exhibited negative solubility; C and M groups positive solubility. Significant differences were noted among the polymerization type in the C and R groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The water sorption and solubility of resin cements were in accordance with ISO requirement, except M group for water sorption. The polymerization type affected water sorption and solubility of C group, and water sorption of R group

Do avanafil and zaprinast exert positive effects on bone tissue via the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase-G signaling pathway in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis?

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5Is) exert positive effects on bone healing and mineralization by activation the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase-G (NO/cGMP/PKG) signaling pathway. In this study, the effects of zaprinast and avanafil, two PDE-5Is, on the NO signaling pathway, estrogen levels, selected bone formation and destruction marker levels, whole-body bone mineral density (WB-BMD), right femur trabecular bone thickness (RF-TBT) and epiphyseal bone width, angiogenesis in the bone-marrow, and selected oxidative stress parameter levels were investigated in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Twenty four adult rats (8 months old) were equally divided into four groups. The first group was the sham operated group. Groups 2, 3 and 4 included ovariectomized rats. At six months after ovariectomy, the 3rd and 4th groups were administered 10 mg/kg zaprinast and avanafil daily as a single dose for 60 days, respectively. Increases in the activity of the NO/cGMP/PKG signalling-pathway, C-terminal collagen peptide levels, angiogenesis in the bone marrow, RF-TBT, epiphyseal bone width and WB-BMD were observed compared to the ovariectomized positive control group (OVX), while the pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline levels were decreased in the OVX+zaprinast and OVX+avanafil groups (p&lt;0.05). The malondialdehyde, ubiquinone10/ubiquinol10 and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine/106deoxyguanosine levels were also increased in the ovariectomized groups compared to the sham group (p&lt;0.05). Based on these results, the levels of bone atrophy and some markers of oxidative stress were increased due to acute estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy, but zaprinast and avanafil administration significantly prevented these change

Comparison of Cobas 6500 and Iris IQ200 fully-automated urine analyzers to manual urine microscopy.

Introduction: Urine screening is achieved by either automated or manual microscopic analysis. The aim of the study was to compare Cobas 6500 and Iris IQ200 urine analyzers, and manual urine microscopic analysis. Materials and methods: A total of 540 urine samples sent to the laboratory for chemical and sediment analysis were analyzed on Cobas 6500 and Iris IQ200 within 1 hour from sampling. One hundred and fifty three samples were found to have pathological sediment results and were subjected to manual microscopic analysis performed by laboratory staff blinded to the study. Spearman’s and Gamma statistics were used for correlation analyses, and the McNemar test for the comparison of the two automated analyzers. Results: The comparison of Cobas u701 to the manual method yielded the following regression equations: y = - 0.12 (95% CI: - 1.09 to 0.67) + 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.95) x for WBC and y = 0.06 (95% CI: - 0.09 to 0.25) + 0.66 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.73) x for RBC. The comparison of IQ200 Elite to manual method the following equations: y = 0.03 (95% CI: - 1.00 to 1.00) + 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66 to 1.00) x for WBC and y = - 0.22 (95% CI: - 0.80 to 0.20) + 0.40 (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.50) x for RBC. IQ200 Elite compared to Cobas u701 yielded the following equations: y = - 0.95 (95% CI: - 2.13 to 0.11) + 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.44) x for WBC and y = - 1.20 (95% CI: - 1.80 to -0.30) + 0. 80 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.00) x for RBC. Conclusions: The two analyzers showed similar performances and good compatibility to manual microscopy. However, they are still inadequate in the determination of WBC, RBC, and EC in highly-pathological samples. Thus, con?rmation by manual microscopic analysis may be useful

ADEZİV REZİN SİMANLARIN SU EMİLİMİ VE SUDA ÇÖZÜNÜRLÜĞÜ ÜZERİNE FARKLI POLİMERİZASYON YÖNTEMLERİNİN ETKİSİ

incelenmesidir. Gereç ve yöntem: Mevcut çalışmada 2 farklı self-etch adeziv rezin siman (Duo-Link B, Clearfil Esthetic Cement C) ve 2 farklı self adeziv rezin siman (RelyX U200 Automix R, Maxcem Elite M) test edildi. Her bir adeziv rezin siman için 24 adet örnek hazırlandı ve kullanılan polimerizasyon yöntemine göre 3 farklı gruba ayrıldı; ışıkla polimerizasyon, iki kez ışıkla polimerizasyon ve kimyasal polimerizasyon. Su emilimi ve suda çözünürlük testi ISO 4049:2009 standardına göre yapıldı. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi ile analiz edildi ve Tukey testi anlamlı farklılıkları tespit etmek için kullanıldı (α=0.05). Bulgular: Adeziv rezin simanlar arasında su emilimi ve suda çözünürlük değerleri anlamlı olarak farklıydı (p<0.05). M grubu en yüksek su emilimi değerine sahipken (p<0.05), C grubu en düşük değere sahipti (p<0.05). Suda çözünürlük açısından, en fazla kütle kaybı M grubunda belirlendi. B ve R grupları negatif suda çözünürlük değerleri gösterirken, C ve M grupları pozitif çözünürlük değerleri gösterdi. C ve R grupları için polimerizasyon yöntemleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar belirlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç: M grubu hariç diğer rezin simanların su emilimi ve suda çözünürlük değerleri ISO standartlarıyla uyumluydu. Polimerizasyon yöntemi R grubunun su emilimini, C grubunun ise su emilimini ve suda çözünürlüğünü etkiledi.Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different polymerization types on water sorption and solubility of adhesive resin cements. Material and methods: Two self-etch adhesive resin cements (Duo-Link B, Clearfil Esthetic Cement C) and two selfadhesive resin cements (RelyX U200 Automix R, Maxcem Elite M) were tested in the present study. Twenty-four specimens were prepared for each adhesive resin cement and divided into 3 groups according to the polymerization type used: lightcuring, double light-curing, and self-curing. The water sorption and solubility were determined according to ISO 4049:2009. Data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance, and the post-hoc Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: The water sorption and solubility were significantly different among the adhesive resin cements (p<0.05). M group had the highest water sorption values (p<0.05), while C group had the lowest values (p<0.05). Concerning the water solubility, the highest mass loss was noted for M group. B and R groups have exhibited negative solubility; C and M groups positive solubility. Significant differences were noted among the polymerization type in the C and R groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The water sorption and solubility of resin cements were in accordance with ISO requirement, except M group for water sorption. The polymerization type affected water sorption and solubility of C group, and water sorption of R group

Serum apelin and ADMA levels in type 2 diabetics with and without vascular complications

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic and chronic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, and that is the major causes of various micro and macrovascular complications. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), formed by the hydrolysis of proteins containing methylated arginine residues, is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which oxidize L-arginine to citruline and nitric oxide (NO), related to hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Apelin is a recently discovered peptide, present in a number of tissues and play role in insulin sensitivity improvement. In this study, our aim was to determine the levels of apelin and ADMA with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients with or without vascular complications. Methods: This study included (a total of) 59 diabetic patients. Of the patients, 30 were diabetic with complications, and 29 without complications. In serum samples obtained from the patients, serum ADMA and apelin levels were measured with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: Our study totally enrolled 59 patients in two groups. No significant differences were found in sex, age, HbA1c and glucose levels among groups. Apelin and ADMA levels of group with complications were lower than those of group without complications, but no statistically significant difference of apelin and ADMA levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study have been showed no statistically significant relationship present between ADMA-apelin levels and complications of T2DM. Further studies involving larger patients populations and healthy controls should be done to clarify the pathogenetic significance of apelin and ADMA in diabetic vascular complications. (C) 2016 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved