Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography of Miocene Deposits from the Marginal Area of Zumberak Mt. and the Samoborsko Gorje Mts. (Northwestern Croatia)

Miocene sediments rimming the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic–Palaeogene rocks, form Zumberak Mt. and the Samoborsko Gorje Mts. Spatial analysis of the setting and development of the surface Miocene stratigraphy, at the marginal areas of the Zumberak and Samoborsko Gorje Mts., allows four palaeogeographic areas to be distinguished: Zumberak, Plesivica–Sveta Jana, Samobor–Sveta Nedelja and Grdanjci. In the Miocene deposits (totaling 350 m), within the area of Zumberak, coarse-grained clastics from deltaic deposits of Pannonian age prevail. Here only, 50 m of sediments of Pliocene–Pleistocene age overlie the Miocene deposits whereas Mesozoic carbonates represent the basement. The Plesivica–Sveta Jana area is characterized by a 600 m sequence of Miocene deposits, mainly overlying Triassic dolomites, where finely-grained layers of marls and silts prevail. In this area, Miocene successions from the Badenian to the Pontian are characterized by a continuity of sedimentation with an inherited depositional environment. In the area of Samobor–Sveta Nedelja, the basement is diverse: Triassic dolomites, volcanogenic–sedimentary complex of Cretaceous age and a clastic–carbonate complex of Palaeogene age. The Miocene succession shows a regressive trend from the Badenian to the Pontian and the total thickness is estimated at 400 m. The area of Grdanjci differs considerably from the other Miocene palaeorelief. An approximately 50 m-thick series of coarse-grained clastics with coal is distinguished, of unclear stratigraphic age (Ottnangian?). Miocene sediments of the Grdanjci area are represented by both a transgressive type of conglomerates and shallow water limestones of Badenian age, with a total thickness of about 100 m. The development of the Miocene stratigraphy of the Zumberak and Samoborsko Gorje Mts. is generally correlative with that in the other parts of the Pannonian area, though it does exhibit local variations. Comparison of the Miocene palaeorelief of Zumberak Mt. with the Samoborsko Gorje Mts., together with neighbouring areas, enabled wider correlation with other parts of northern Croatia, and the more distant Western and Central Paratethys

On the local and global comparison of generalized Bajraktarevi\'c means

Given two continuous functions $f,g:I\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $g$ is positive and $f/g$ is strictly monotone, a measurable space $(T,A)$, a measurable family of $d$-variable means $m: I^d\times T\to I$, and a probability measure $\mu$ on the measurable sets $A$, the $d$-variable mean $M_{f,g,m;\mu}:I^d\to I$ is defined by $$M_{f,g,m;\mu}(\pmb{x}) :=\left(\frac{f}{g}\right)^{-1}\left( \frac{\int_T f\big(m(x_1,\dots,x_d,t)\big) d\mu(t)} {\int_T g\big(m(x_1,\dots,x_d,t)\big) d\mu(t)}\right) \qquad(\pmb{x}=(x_1,\dots,x_d)\in I^d).$$ The aim of this paper is to study the local and global comparison problem of these means, i.e., to find conditions for the generating functions $(f,g)$ and $(h,k)$, for the families of means $m$ and $n$, and for the measures $\mu,\nu$ such that the comparison inequality $$M_{f,g,m;\mu}(\pmb{x})\leq M_{h,k,n;\nu}(\pmb{x}) \qquad(\pmb{x}\in I^d)$$ be satisfied

Perioperative acute renal injury

Akutna bubrežna insuficijencija (ABI) je klinički sindrom koji je česta i ozbiljna komplikacija nakon velikih operativnih zahvata, te u velikoj mjeri doprinosi povećanju stope morbiditeta i mortaliteta, produljenom boravku pacijenata u bolnici, te višim troškovima liječenja. Podloga oštećenja bubrega je multifaktorska, te uključuje brojne preoperativne, intraoperativne i postoperativne faktore. Važan rizični faktor predstavljaju hitni operativni zahvati i opsežne operacije u kritičnih pacijenata s posebnim naglaskom na kardiokirurške operacije i transplantaciju organa. Široka uporaba nefrotoksičnih lijekova, kontrasta i diuretika u perioperacijskom periodu su odgovorni za značajan broj bolničkih ABI. Poznavanje mogućih uzroka insuficijencije, kao i razumijevanje njene patofiziologije olakšava nam ranu identifikaciju oštećenja bubrežne funkcije, pravovremenu primjenu terapije, te sprječavanje pojave komplikacija i daljnje progresije bolesti. Mehanizam s kojim ABI pridonosi povećanom mortalitetu još nije u potpunosti jasan, ali moguća objašnjenja su volumno preopterećenje, abnormalnosti u koagulaciji, povećana incidencija sepse s multiorganskim zatajenjem, te disfukcija vitalnih organa posredovana citokinima ili imunološkim sustavom. Kvalitetna preoperativna priprema, prepoznavanje i modifikacija rizičnih faktora od velike su važnosti za poboljšavanje ishoda pacijenata. Najbitniji čimbenici za uspješnu prevenciju oštećenja bubrega su pravilna nadoknada tekućine, održavanje euvolemije, sprječavanje prolongirane ishemije, te izbjegavanje hipotenzije i nefrotoksičnih lijekova tijekom cijelog perioperacijskog razdoblja. Unatoč napretku medicine na području intenzivne skrbi, dijalize i kirurških tehnika liječenje ABI je uglavnom suportivno, stoga je težište stavljeno na prevenciju bubrežnog oštećenja u rizičnih pacijenata. Novije studije uglavnom analiziraju patofiziologiju, preoperativne rizične faktore i rane biomarkere, te strategije perioperacijskog očuvanja bubrežne funkcije.Acute renal injury (ARI) is a clinical syndrome which is a common and serious complication after major surgeries and is largely associated with increased patient morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays and greater healthcare costs. The etiology of renal damage is multifactorial and includes many preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Important risk factors represent emergency surgery and major surgery in the critically ill patients with special attention on cardiac and transplantation surgeries. Common use of nephrotoxic drugs, contrast dye and diuretics in the perioperative period are responsible for a significant amount of in-hospital ARI. The knowledge of possible causes of insuficiency, as well as comprehension of her underlying pathophysiology facilitates early identification of renal damage, prompt treatment and also prevention of complications and further progression of disease. The mechanism by which ARI itself contributes to increased mortality remains not completely understood, but possible explanations are volume overload, an increased incidence of sepsis with multiorgan failure, abnormalities in coagulation and cytokine or immunemediated major organ dysfunction. Adequate preoperative preparation, recognition and modification of risk factors have great importance for improving patients outcome. The key factors for succesful prevention of renal damage are correct fluid management, the maintenance of euvolemia, prevention of prolonged ischemia and also avoidance of hypotension and nephrotoxic drugs during the entire perioperative period. Despite a growing body of literature on area of intensive care, dialysis and surgical techniques, the treatment of ARI remains mainly supportive, so the aim of management is prevention of renal damage in patients at risk of developing ARI. New studies mostly analyze the pathophysiology, preoperative risk factors, early biomarkers and the strategies employed for perioperative renal protection

Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages in a Restricted Environment - An Example from the Mljet Lakes (Adriatic Sea, Croatia)

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from a peculiar restricted marine environment, the Mljet Lakes (Mljet Island, Adriatic Sea, Croatia) have been studied. These lakes are drowned karst dolines, which are connected with the Adriatic Sea through a narrow, shallow channel. Occasional stagnant conditions in the marine lakes cause hypoxic and anoxic conditions in the bottom waters. Such stressed conditions are reflected in oligospecific benthic foraminiferal assemblages with a Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H) ranging from 0.8 to 1.0 and equitability index (E) ranging from 0.18 to 0.26, identified in samples from each marine lake. In the more dysoxic Malo Jezero, Haynesina depressula dominates an assemblage of 12 benthic foraminiferal species. In the less (and less frequently) hypoxic Veliko Jezero, we found an Asterigerinata mamilla assemblage with 18 foraminiferal species. A more diverse assemblage containing 55 different benthic foraminiferal species occupies an adjacent open-sea station. Long-term salinity measurements indicate that H. depressula tolerates higher salinity than formerly presumed (up to 38‰), and is well adapted to stressed hypoxic conditions