2,378 research outputs found
Mesoscale modeling of the rheology of pressure sensitive adhesives through inclusion of transient forces
For optimal application, pressure-sensitive adhesives must have rheological
properties in between those of a viscoplastic solid and those of a viscoelastic
liquid. Such adhesives can be produced by emulsion polymerisation, resulting in
latex particles which are dispersed in water and contain long-chain acrylic
polymers. When the emulsion is dried, the latex particles coalesce and an
adhesive film is formed. The rheological properties of the dried samples are
believed to be dominated by the interface regions between the original latex
particles, but the relation between rheology and latex particle properties is
poorly understood. In this paper we show that it is possible to describe the
bulk rheology of a pressure-sensitive adhesive by means of a mesoscale
simulation model. To reach experimental time and length scales, each latex
particle is represented by just one simulated particle. The model is subjected
to oscillatory shear flow and extensional flow. Simple order of magnitude
estimates of the model parameters already lead to semi-quantitative agreement
with experimental results. We show that inclusion of transient forces in the
model, i.e. forces with memory of previous configurations, is essential to
correctly predict the linear and nonlinear properties.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure
Analyzing powers in inclusive pion production at high energy and the nucleon spin structure
Analyzing powers in inclusive pion production in high energy transversely
polarized proton-proton collisions are studied theoretically in the framework
of the quark recombination model. Calculations by assuming the SU(6)
spin-flavor symmetry for the nucleon structure disagree with the experiments.
We solve this difficulty by taking into account the %We overcome this
difficulty by taking into account the realistic spin distribution functions of
the nucleon, which differs from the SU(6) expectation at large , %but
coincides with a perturbative QCD constraint on the ratio of the unpolarized
valence distributions, as . We also discuss the kaon spin
asymmetry and find in the polarized proton-proton
collisions at large .Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, late
Generating expressive speech for storytelling applications
Work on expressive speech synthesis has long focused on the expression of basic emotions. In recent years, however, interest in other expressive styles has been increasing. The research presented in this paper aims at the generation of a storytelling speaking style, which is suitable for storytelling applications and more in general, for applications aimed at children. Based on an analysis of human storytellers' speech, we designed and implemented a set of prosodic rules for converting "neutral" speech, as produced by a text-to-speech system, into storytelling speech. An evaluation of our storytelling speech generation system showed encouraging results
Utilisation conjointe de trains d'ondes LiDAR vert et infrarouge pour la bathymétrie des eaux de trÚs faible profondeurs
La bathymétrie et la topographie des surfaces immergées sont des connaissances essentielles pour la gestion durable des riviÚres et des espaces littoraux. Parmi les techniques permettant de les obtenir, le LiDAR bathymétrique apparaßt prometteur par sa capacité à relever de grandes surfaces en un temps limité, avec une forte résolution spatiale et de maniÚre continue entre zones émergées et immergées. Bien que certaines études aient porté sur la précision de cette technique dans les zones cÎtiÚres de profondeur modérée, peu se sont intéressées aux eaux trÚs peu profondes (<3m). Dans cette étude, une nouvelle méthode de traitement de formes d'ondes LiDAR pour les trÚs faibles profondeurs est proposée. Cet algorithme s'appuie sur le traitement conjoint des trains d'ondes vert et proche-infrarouge (PIR). La densité et la précision des données résultantes sur les eaux cÎtiÚres trÚs peu profondes sont ensuite analysées. Les résultats de ces développements et analyses sont présentés sur des données acquises sur le Golfe du Morbihan (France) par le Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM) en 2005 avec un systÚme SHOALS qui fournit les formes d'ondes Raman, PIR et vert. Ce travail met l'accent sur la comparaison de la qualité entre les données bathymétriques livrées issues du traitement des signaux par l'opérateur et celles issues de l'algorithme de traitement proposé. Pour la validation des résultats, une méthode spécifique est utilisée ici afin de faciliter la comparaison de mesures altimétriques réalisées entre des points GPS de référence et des empreintes LiDAR (diamÚtre de l'ordre de 2m). Dans les trÚs faibles profondeurs d'eau, l'algorithme proposé extrait 41% de mesures supplémentaires par rapport aux données livrées, avec un biais de mesure comparable (environ 5cm) et un écart-type des erreurs plus faible (26,1cm contre 41,1cm). 55% de ces mesures supplémentaires sont situés à une profondeur comprise entre 1,5m et 2m. De plus, l'algorithme proposé améliore la profondeur minimale détectable de 80cm par rapport aux données livrées (1m contre 1,8m)
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Laser-driven acceleration of quasi-monoenergetic, near-collimated titanium ions via a transparency-enhanced acceleration scheme
Laser-driven ion acceleration has been an active research area in the past two decades with the prospects of designing novel and compact ion accelerators. Many potential applications in science and industry require high-quality, energetic ion beams with low divergence and narrow energy spread. Intense laser ion acceleration research strives to meet these challenges and may provide high charge state beams, with some successes for carbon and lighter ions. Here we demonstrate the generation of well collimated, quasi-monoenergetic titanium ions with energies âŒ145 and 180 MeV in experiments using the high-contrast(<10-9) and high-intensity (6Ă 1020 W cm-2) Trident laser and ultra-Thin (âŒ100 nm) titanium foil targets. Numerical simulations show that the foils become transparent to the laser pulses, undergoing relativistically induced transparency (RIT), resulting in a two-stage acceleration process which lasts until âŒ2 ps after the onset of RIT. Such long acceleration time in the self-generated electric fields in the expanding plasma enables the formation of the quasi-monoenergetic peaks. This work contributes to the better understanding of the acceleration of heavier ions in the RIT regime, towards the development of next generation laser-based ion accelerators for various applications
Fission yeast 26S proteasome mutants are multi-drug resistant due to stabilization of the pap1 transcription factor
Here we report the result of a genetic screen for mutants resistant to the microtubule poison methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) that were also temperature sensitive for growth. In total the isolated mutants were distributed in ten complementation groups. Cloning experiments revealed that most of the mutants were in essential genes encoding various 26S proteasome subunits. We found that the proteasome mutants are multi-drug resistant due to stabilization of the stress-activated transcription factor Pap1. We show that the ubiquitylation and ultimately the degradation of Pap1 depend on the Rhp6/Ubc2 E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and the Ubr1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Accordingly, mutants lacking Rhp6 or Ubr1 display drug-resistant phenotypes
Randomness Increases Order in Biological Evolution
n this text, we revisit part of the analysis of anti-entropy in Bailly and Longo (2009} and develop further theoretical reflections. In particular, we analyze how randomness, an essential component of biological variability, is associated to the growth of biological organization, both in ontogenesis and in evolution. This approach, in particular, focuses on the role of global entropy production and provides a tool for a mathematical understanding of some fundamental observations by Gould on the increasing phenotypic complexity along evolution. Lastly, we analyze the situation in terms of theoretical symmetries, in order to further specify the biological meaning of anti-entropy as well as its strong link with randomness
Beyond inverse Ising model: structure of the analytical solution for a class of inverse problems
I consider the problem of deriving couplings of a statistical model from
measured correlations, a task which generalizes the well-known inverse Ising
problem. After reminding that such problem can be mapped on the one of
expressing the entropy of a system as a function of its corresponding
observables, I show the conditions under which this can be done without
resorting to iterative algorithms. I find that inverse problems are local (the
inverse Fisher information is sparse) whenever the corresponding models have a
factorized form, and the entropy can be split in a sum of small cluster
contributions. I illustrate these ideas through two examples (the Ising model
on a tree and the one-dimensional periodic chain with arbitrary order
interaction) and support the results with numerical simulations. The extension
of these methods to more general scenarios is finally discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Axion-mediated dark matter and Higgs diphoton signal
We consider axion-mediated dark matter models motivated by Fermi gamma ray
line at 130 GeV, where anomaly interactions of an axion-like scalar mediate a
singlet Dirac fermion dark matter (DM) to electroweak gauge bosons. In these
models, extra vector-like leptons generate anomaly interactions for the axion
and can also couple to the SM Higgs boson to modify the Higgs-to-diphoton rate.
We can distinguish models by the branching fraction of the DM annihilation into
a photon pair, favoring the model with a triplet fermion. From the condition
that the lighter charged extra lepton must be heavier than dark matter for no
tree-level DM annihilations, we also show that the ratio of Higgs-to-diphoton
rate to the SM value is constrained by vacuum stability to 1.4(1.5) for the
cutoff scale of 10(1) TeV.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures, references adde
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