Use of Decahydrodecaborate as Flame Retardants in Coatings

As the need to protect the environment continues to increase, there is a growing demand for non-halogenated flame retardants. Two different decaborate compounds were combined with triphenylphosphine oxide into polyurethane and characterized. The thermal stability and the potential flame retardancy of the new materials were tested via thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. The cone test provided heat release rates and smoke release rates. Per the results of these tests the combination of the new decaborate, and triphenylphosphine oxide showed potential for flame retardancy at minimal amounts of flame retardant

USE OF DECAHYDRODECABORATE AS FLAME RETARDANTS IN POLYURETHANES

There is a growing need for non-halogenated flame retardants due to the toxicity and environmental impacts that are exhibited by current ones. The polyurethane industry is one that has expressed a need for flame retardants in many of its industrial and commercial applications. For these reasons, two different decaborate compounds, tetramethyl and tetrabutyl ammonium decahydrodecaborate, were synthesized and incorporated into polyurethane films for testing. The compounds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, Carbon-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy, and Boron-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (11B-NMR) spectroscopy. The compounds were incorporated into a polyol mixture at various weight percentages, mixed with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and cast as either thin films on glass plates or in a fixture for cone calorimetry samples. Thermal stability and flammability of the films were tested using a standard burn chamber and via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen. To investigate potential synergistic effects, the decaborate compounds were incorporated with triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and tested. These combinations were tested using the standard burn test chamber, thermal stability in nitrogen, and cone calorimetry. The cone test provided heat release rates and smoke release rates. Per the results of these tests, the combination of the new decaborate, and triphenylphosphine oxide showed potential for flame retardancy at minimal amounts of flame retardant

Implementing Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Strategies Using Children\u27s Literature in the Urban Multicultural Preschool: Examining Teachers\u27 Language Dialect Beliefs and Practices

This study examined preschool teachers\u27 implementation of culturally and linguistically responsive strategies using children\u27s literature in an urban multicultural preschool. Through a qualitative phenomenological design, this research aimed to expand understandings of language dialect and achievement in early childhood education and examine preschool teachers\u27 knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices regarding identified home languages—African American Vernacular English and Hispanic American English, Academic Language, and code switching. The phenomenon under investigation was early childhood professionals\u27 beliefs and frequency of home language dialect use within the classroom and implementation of culturally and linguistically responsive strategies within the classrooms of an urban multicultural preschool before and after receiving targeted professional development using children\u27s books. The participants in this study included five preschool teachers and one preschool center director within the same private preschool center located in an urban city within the southeastern region of the United States. Semi-structured pre- and post-interviews, classroom observations using descriptive and reflective field notes, and targeted professional development sessions were conducted in order to capture the essence of the phenomenon within this preschool setting and to develop textural descriptions of the participants\u27 engagement and experiences within the study. The investigation revealed that knowledge of home language features, academic language and code switching, the use of home language features and code switching, teacher perspectives regarding culturally and linguistically responsive instruction, and cultural and linguistic influence of parents and teachers are key factors in the frequency and nature of the implementation of culturally and linguistically responsive strategies within the multicultural preschool. Further, as teachers\u27 language dialect knowledge of home language, academic language, and code switching increased, the nature of instructional practices shifted to an affirmative and validating perspective from an initial deficit/ non-affirmative perspective at the outset of the study. Implications for research and practice indicate the need to consider teachers\u27 foundational cultural and linguistic knowledge of the children in their classrooms when teachers are tasked with implementing culturally and linguistically diverse instructional practices

Adding Vector Data to Mapbox Studio

Welcome to the Essential ArcGIS Task Sheet Series. This series supplements the Iowa State University Geospatial Technology Training Program short course series. The task sheets are designed to provide quick, easy instructions for performing mapping tasks.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/extension_pubs/1121/thumbnail.jp

Novel Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Compounds

Two different boron compounds, bis(tetramethylammonium) decaborate, TMAD, and bis (tetrabutylammonium) decaborate, TBAD were studied as potential replacements for halogenated flame retardants. Current commercially available, halogenated flame retardants are not environmentally friendly and release strong acids upon burning. TMAD and TBAD were combined with triphenylphosphine oxide and cast in polyurethane films at varying levels. These samples were then cut into strips and burned in a UL-94 flame chamber. These samples were also tested via TGA for degradation temperature. These varying levels were tested via several Design of Experiments constructed within Minitab software. Results thus far have shown the potential for these compound combinations to be used as flame retardants. Studies to determine the optimal ratio of additives for flame retardancy will be presente

The Effect of Bedslide Report on Patient Satisfaction

https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/student_scholarship_posters/1095/thumbnail.jp

Performance Analysis of a 3D Wireless Massively Parallel Computer

In previous work, the authors presented a 3D hexagonal wireless direct-interconnect network for a massively parallel computer, with a focus on analysing processor utilisation. In this study, we consider the characteristics of such an architecture in terms of link utilisation and power consumption. We have applied a store-and-forward packet-switching algorithm to both our proposed architecture and a traditional wired 5D direct network (the same as IBM’s Blue Gene). Simulations show that for small and medium-size networks the link utility of the proposed architecture is comparable with (and in some cases even better than) traditional 5D networks. This work demonstrates that there is a potential for wireless processing array concepts to address High-Performance Computing (HPC) challenges whilst alleviating some significant physical construction drawbacks of traditional systems