Tram-tastic Cloud Computing

This master’s thesis evaluates the scalability and cost-effectiveness of the AWS cloud platform used to collect and utilize data generated by the 87 digitally equipped trams. The SL-18 Cloud Platform was developed before the trams arrived, and resource configuration estimates were made to handle the data generated by the trams. However, with a few trams currently operational, it is crucial to evaluate the allocation of resources to the services based on actual data. Thus, the thesis's objective is to estimate the data generated by all 87 trams and evaluate the current resource provisioning on the AWS Cloud Platform in terms of scalability and cost. By doing so, this study will provide insights into the optimal resource allocation required for the AWS Cloud Platform to accommodate the data generated by the trams. In this study, we use an existing Digital Twin tool for the trams to evaluate the scalability of the platform, ensuring that it can handle the load while keeping the cost low. To achieve this, the existing Digital Twin is modified to run 87 or more instances concurrently. Using this modified tool, the SL-18 IT platform, which processes real-time data from all 87 trams simultaneously, is evaluated. We monitored the metrics of AWS services to identify any issues. Then based on measurements, we make recommendations for each service's upgrading, downgrading, or keeping the current configuration. Most services are recommended to scale down to reduce costs, while three services require scaling up to be operational. Although our process is well-defined and could be replicated by other studies, it is crucial to have in-depth discussions with the relevant teams for each service and perform repeated validations and evaluations. This is also a necessary protocol in Sporveien to present the results to the various stakeholders and implement the recommended changes. With these changes, Sporveien can save costs and most importantly have a platform capable of handling the data load of 87 SL-18 trams

Occupational stress: an analysis of the causes

Occupational stress may have an impact on the effectiveness of an organisation. Excessive workload or demand, stressful deadlines, long working hours, insufficient number of staff, lack of support from co-workers and supervisors, annoying co-workers, unsatisfied customers, and hazardous working conditions, among others are some of the underlying causes of occupational stress. Job uncertainty due to impending retrenchment, restructuring or management changes and hostile work environment could also give rise to occupational stress. Occupational stress often results in high dissatisfaction among the employees in terms of job mobility, burnout and poor work performance and less effective interpersonal relations at work. Excessive or unmanageable demands, insufficient support from co-workers and unsatisfactory working conditions may affect staff-motivation and productiveness. Longterm stress or traumatic events at work may have affect the workers physically and psychologically. In light of the above, this paper seeks to deliberate on the causes of occupational stress with reference to unmanageable workload, job insecurity, sexual harassment, workplace discrimination and employer’s unlawful conduct

Occupational stress: an analysis of the causes

Occupational stress may have an impact on the effectiveness of an organisation. Excessive workload or demand, stressful deadlines, long working hours, insufficient number of staff, lack of support from co-workers and supervisors, annoying co-workers, unsatisfied customers, and hazardous working conditions, among others are some of the underlying causes of occupational stress. Job uncertainty due to impending retrenchment, restructuring or management changes and hostile work environment could also give rise to occupational stress. Occupational stress often results in high dissatisfaction among the employees in terms of job mobility, burnout and poor work performance and less effective interpersonal relations at work. Excessive or unmanageable demands, insufficient support from co-workers and unsatisfactory working conditions may affect staff-motivation and productiveness. Longterm stress or traumatic events at work may have affect the workers physically and psychologically. In light of the above, this paper seeks to deliberate on the causes of occupational stress with reference to unmanageable workload,job insecurity, sexual harassment, workplace discrimination and employer’s unlawful conduct

Does Innovation Explain the Skewness of Stock Returns?

This paper investigates the impact of firm-level innovation on the skewness of stock returns. Using data on a broad sample of equities from the major US stock exchanges, we find that innovative companies exhibit strong positive skewness. Our results are robust to both input and output measures of innovation as we find that increases in both firm-level research and development expenditure (R&D), as well as the number of patents, are positively associated with future stock return skewness. Our results hold using both systematic and idiosyncratic measures of skewness while controlling for various stock characteristics, time, and industry-fixed effects

Analytical & Experimental Analysis of Lightning Stokes Performance & Protection by MOV Based Simulation Model: A 33 KV Transmission Line Case Study

Researchers are working on techniques to mitigate failure rates as low as possible to avoid potential harm, sustain high power efficiency for this a considerable number of estimation studies were already performed and several designs of methodologies were being suggested. The transmission line performs the role of the arteries which maintain the process of transporting electricity in the transmission line. That is why it is important to maintain and manage the costs of these tracks.  Surge arrestor and shield wire application are often techniques chosen for defensive strategy in a very technique. By pushing travelling waves towards the electrical equipment mounted on the transmission line, the effects of lightning stoke on the transmission line may cause severe damage to the electrical equipment. In this review, this research study provides a review-based overview of the mechanism of occurrence of lightning along with its impact on the transmission line and the defence methods used to prevent such effects. A MATLAB / SIMULINK 2020a simulation modeling-based analysis for the incidence of lightning on the 33 kV transmission line system is observed in this regard, and a Metal-Oxide surge arrestor-based lightning fault clearance safety scheme is also suggested and discussed

Evaluation of Essential Metals and Arsenic in Poultry Feeds and Litters of Different Poultry Farms

The current study was aim to evaluate the speciation of arsenic (total arsenic “TAs”, arsenite “AsIII” and arsenate “AsV”) and total contents of essential metals in the feeds and litters of branded poultry feed using farms (BPF) and non-branded poultry feed utilizing farms (NBPF) at Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. The TAs and essential metals determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (GF and FAAS), respectively. Whereas, the AsIII and AsV separated by solvent extraction followed by GF-AAS. The high levels of sodium, potassium, and zinc were observed in branded poultry feeds whilst calcium and iron contents were higher in non-branded poultry feed. The contents of total arsenic in poultry feed samples of both branded and non-branded poultry feed utilizing farms were within the NRC permissible limits (30.0 mg/kg) except NBPF-1 and NBPF-4. Total As in all poultry litter samples were found under the permitted monthly average dose of As (41.0 mg/kg) for agronomical application expert poultry litter samples of BPF-1, NPBF-2, and NPBF-3. The daily accumulation of total As from feed to boilers were also studied

Operational Risk Management in Corporate and Banking Sector of Pakistan

This paper is to examine the current status of operational risk management in Pakistan concerning corporate and banking sector and explore the reasons for the adoption or lack of adoption of integrated approach to operational risk management. It identifies the imperatives for implementation of comprehensive risk management solutions leading to enterprise risk management (ERM).The mode of research is qualitative. The paper shows that effective risk management can enhance organizational performance but appropriate infrastructure is not available in companies.  This paper highlights the fact that knowledge of risk management in corporate sectors of Pakistan is insufficient and sample companies hesitate to respond thinking that it may reflect inefficiencies and in banking sectors the concept of operational risk management can be seen up to some extent. Keywords: Operational risk management, corporate and banking, integrated approach, Enterprise risk management, organizational performanc

Workplace misconduct and the requirement of due inquiry: with reference to the practice in Malaysia

This paper discusses the concept of workplace misconduct and the requirement of a domestic or due inquiry to establish the alleged act and with reference to the practice in Malaysia. The issues considered herein are as follows: (a) whether the disciplinary or domestic inquiry is essential in an impending dismissal for alleged gross misconduct; and (b) whether the dismissal carried out without convening a disciplinary inquiry violates the principles of natural justice thereby rendering the dismissal unfair