Diagnosis of diseases using data mining

Introduction: In the information age, data are the most important asset for health organizations. In the case of using data in useful and optimal manner, they can become financial resources for organization. Data mining is an appropriate method to transform this potential value into strategic information. Data mining means extraction of hidden information, recognition of hidden relationships and patterns, and in general, discovery of useful knowledge at high volume. The objective of this review paper was to evaluate using data mining in diagnoses of diseases. Methods: This research is a review paper conducted based on a structured review of the papers published in Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran (between years 2005 and 2015) and books related to using data mining in medical science and using it in diagnose of diseases with related keywords. Results: Nowadays, data mining is used in many medical science studies, including diagnosis of diseases, discovering the hidden patterns in data, and so on. New ideas such as discovery of Knowledge from Discovery and Data Mining Database, which includes data mining techniques, have found more popularity and they has becomedesired research tool for researchers. Researchers can use them to identify patterns and relationshipsamong great number of variables. Using them, researchers have been able to predict theresults obtained from one disease by using information stores available in databases. Several studies have indicated that data mining is used widely in diagnosis of diseases based on types of information (medical images, characteristics of patients, and so on), such as tuberculosis, types of cancers, infectious diseases, and diagnosis of anomalies rarely diagnosed by human (spots and particular points within aye, which is the symptom of onset of blindness resulting from diabetes), determining type of behavior with patients, and predicting the success rate of surgical surgeries, determining the success rate of therapeutic methods in coping with incurable diseases, and so on. Conclusion: One of the most important challenging topics in healthcare is transformation of raw clinical data into meaningful information following continuous generation of great number of data. In current competitive environment, health organizations using technologies such as data mining to improve healthcare quality will achieve success faster. Many of research centers in Iran are faced with large volume of information, which is not analyzed at all or will be time-consuming due to using traditional methods, even in the case of using analysis and converting them to knowledge. In light of using data mining and its implementation, health organizations can transform the data into a powerful and competitive tool and take new steps in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and providing high-quality services for clients.&nbsp

Organization-wide adoption of computerized provider order entry systems: a study based on diffusion of innovations theory

Background: Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems have been introduced to reduce medication errors, increase safety, improve work-flow efficiency, and increase medical service quality at the moment of prescription. Making the impact of CPOE systems more observable may facilitate their adoption by users. We set out to examine factors associated with the adoption of a CPOE system for inter-organizational and intra-organizational care. Methods: The diffusion of innovation theory was used to understand physicians and nurses attitudes and thoughts about implementation and use of the CPOE system. Two online survey questionnaires were distributed to all physicians and nurses using a CPOE system in county-wide healthcare organizations. The number of complete questionnaires analyzed was 134 from 200 nurses (67.0%) and 176 from 741 physicians (23.8%). Data were analyzed using descriptive-analytical statistical methods. Results: More nurses (56.7%) than physicians (31.3%) stated that the CPOE system introduction had worked well in their clinical setting (P andlt; 0.001). Similarly, more physicians (73.9%) than nurses (50.7%) reported that they found the system not adapted to their specific professional practice (P = andlt; 0.001). Also more physicians (25.0%) than nurses (13.4%) stated that they did want to return to the previous system (P = 0.041). We found that in particular the received relative advantages of the CPOE system were estimated to be significantly (P andlt; 0.001) higher among nurses (39.6%) than physicians (16.5%). However, physicians agreements with the compatibility of the CPOE and with its complexity were significantly higher than the nurses (P andlt; 0.001). Conclusions: Qualifications for CPOE adoption as defined by three attributes of diffusion of innovation theory were not satisfied in the study setting. CPOE systems are introduced as a response to the present limitations in paper-based systems. In consequence, user expectations are often high on their relative advantages as well as on a low level of complexity. Building CPOE systems therefore requires designs that can provide rather important additional advantages, e. g. by preventing prescription errors and ultimately improving patient safety and safety of clinical work. The decision-making process leading to the implementation and use of CPOE systems in healthcare therefore has to be improved. As any change in health service settings usually faces resistance, we emphasize that CPOE system designers and healthcare decision-makers should continually collect users feedback about the systems, while not forgetting that it also is necessary to inform the users about the potential benefits involved.Original Publication:Bahlol Rahimi, Toomas Timpka, Vivian Vimarlund, Srinivas Uppugunduri and Mikael Svensson, Organization-wide adoption of computerized provider order entry systems: a study based on diffusion of innovations theory, 2009, BMC MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND DECISION MAKING, (9), 52, .http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-9-52Licensee: BioMed Centralhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/. On the day of the defence date the original title of this article was "Adoption of computerized provider order entry systems: An organization-wide study based on diffusion of innovations theory"

Supporting Collaborative Work through ICT : How End-users Think of and Adopt Integrated HealthInformation Systems

Health Information Systems (HISs) are implemented to support individuals,organizations, and society, making work processes integrated andcontributing to increase service quality and patient safety. However, theoutcomes of many HIS implementations in both primary care and hospitalsettings have either not met yet all the expectations decision-makersidentified or have failed in their implementation. There is, therefore, agrowing interest in increasing knowledge about prerequisites to be fulfilledin order to make the implementation and adoption of HIS more effective andto improve collaboration between healthcare providers. The general purpose of the work presented in this thesis is to explore issuesrelated to the implementation, use, and adoption of HISs and its contributionfor improving inter- and intra-organizational collaboration in a healthcarecontext. The studies included have, however, different research objectivesand consequently used different research methods such as case study,literature review, meta-analysis, and surveys. The selection of the researchmethodology has thus depended on the aim of the studies and their expectedresults. In the first study performed we showed that there is no standard frameworkto evaluate effects and outputs of implementation and use of ICT-basedapplications in the healthcare setting, which makes the comparison ofinternational results not possible yet. Critical issues, such as techniques employed to teach the staff when usingintegrated system, involvement of the users in the implementation process,and the efficiency of the human computer interface were particularlyreported in the second study included in this thesis. The results of this studyalso indicated that the development of evidence-based implementation processes should be considered in order to diminish unexpected outputs thataffect users, patients and stakeholders. We learned in the third study, that merely implementing of a HIS will notautomatically increase organizational efficiency. Strategic, tactical, andoperational actions have to be taken into consideration, includingmanagement involvement, integration in healthcare workflow, establishingcompatibility between software and hardware, user involvement, andeducation and training. When using an Integrated Electronic Prescribing System (IEPS), pharmaciesstaff declared expedited the processing of prescriptions, increased patientsafety, and reduced the risk for prescription errors, as well as the handingover of erroneous medications to patients. However, they stated also that thesystem does not avoid all mistakes or errors and medication errors stilloccur. We documented, however, in general, positive opinions about theIEPS system in the fifth article. The results in this article indicated thatsafety of the system compared to a paper-based one has increased. Theresults showed also an impact on customer relations with the pharmacy; andprevention of errors. However, besides finding an adoption of the IEPS, weidentified a series of undesired and non planned outputs that affect theefficiency and efficacy of use of the system. Finally, we captured in the sixth study indications for non-optimality in thecomputer provider entry system. This is because; the system was not adaptedto the three-quarters of physicians and one-half of nurses’ specificprofessional practice. Respondents pointed out also human-computerinteraction constrains when using the system. They indicated also the factthat the system could lead to adverse drug events in some circumstances. The work presented in this thesis contributes to increase knowledge in thearea of health informatics on how ICT supports inter- and intraorganizationalcollaborative work in a healthcare context and to identifyfactors and prerequisites needed to be taken into consideration whenimplementing new generations of HIS

Determinant of successful implementation of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) system from physicians’ perspective: Feasibility study prior to implementation

Background: Health information technology is a solution for medical error reduction through the implementation of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine physicians’ attitudes toward the implementation of CPOE. Methods: This cross-sectional study was started in March 2017 and completed in June 2017. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from physicians in hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences. We invited 200 physicians who were not using a CPOE system. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among physicians. In order to understand the physicians’ attitude about implementation the CPOE system, we used the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, developed by E.M. Rogers. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16.0, using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. A p value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Most of the physicians were women (n=54, 60%) and the average age of the physicians was 36.39±8.42 years. About three-quarters of the physicians (76.66%) reported that they found the CPOE system adapted to their specific professional practice. The relative advantage of the CPOE system was estimated to be 42.22% for physicians and the complexity of that was 13.33%. There was no significant relationship between Compatibility, Relative advantages and Complexity with physicians’ experience in HIS use and physicians’ degree of education (p>0.05). Conclusion: Since the role of CPOE systems is very important in hospitals in order to reduce medication errors and to improve the quality of care, our results can be used to assist the planning and introduction of CPOE system

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Healthcare information systems (HISs) are often implemented to enhance the quality of care and the degree to which it is patient-centered, as well as to improve the efficiency and safety of services. However, the outcomes of HIS implementations have not met expectations. We set out to organize the knowledge gained in qualitative studies performed in association with HIS implementations and to use this knowledge to outline an updated structure for implementation planning. A multi-disciplinary team performed the analyses in order to cover as many aspects of the primary studies as possible. We found that merely implementing an HIS will not automatically increase organizational efficiency. Strategic, tactical, and operational actions have to be taken into consideration, including management involvement, integration in healthcare workflow, establishing compatibility between software and hardware and, most importantly, user involvement, education and training. The results should be interpreted as a high-order scheme, and not a predictive theory.The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com:Bahlol Rahimi, Vivian Vimarlund and Toomas Timpka, Health Information System Implementation: A Qualitative Meta-analysis, 2009, Journal of medical systems, (33), 5, 359-368.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10916-008-9198-9Copyright: Springer Science Business Mediahttp://www.springerlink.com

Health Information System Implementation : A Qualitative Meta-analysis

Healthcare information systems (HISs) are often implemented to enhance the quality of care and the degree to which it is patient-centered, as well as to improve the efficiency and safety of services. However, the outcomes of HIS implementations have not met expectations. We set out to organize the knowledge gained in qualitative studies performed in association with HIS implementations and to use this knowledge to outline an updated structure for implementation planning. A multi-disciplinary team performed the analyses in order to cover as many aspects of the primary studies as possible. We found that merely implementing an HIS will not automatically increase organizational efficiency. Strategic, tactical, and operational actions have to be taken into consideration, including management involvement, integration in healthcare workflow, establishing compatibility between software and hardware and, most importantly, user involvement, education and training. The results should be interpreted as a high-order scheme, and not a predictive theory.The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com:Bahlol Rahimi, Vivian Vimarlund and Toomas Timpka, Health Information System Implementation: A Qualitative Meta-analysis, 2009, Journal of medical systems, (33), 5, 359-368.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10916-008-9198-9Copyright: Springer Science Business Mediahttp://www.springerlink.com

Identifying factors that affect the use of health information technology in the treatment and management of hypertension

Abstract Background We conducted this study with the aim of identifying factors that affect the use of health information technology in the treatment and management of hypertension. Methods This paper is a descriptive-analytic study conducted in 2022. To obtain relevant articles, databases including Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and PubMed were searched and the time period was between 2013 and 2022. Based on the review of similar articles, a five-point Likert scale checklist was developed in the second phase. The statistical population of the present study was specialist physicians (N = 40) and patients (N = 384). In order to analyze the data, SPSS Statistics 24 was used. To analyze the data obtained from the checklist, we used summary statistics (mean and standard deviation). Results As a result of the review literature process, 50 papers were screened, that based we can distinguish motivational and inhibitory factors affecting the use of health information technology in hypertension management. Indeed, Motivational factors and inhibitory factors can be classified into five groups: organizational, economic, technical, personal, and legal/moral factors. Based on the results of the checklist, the factors that were identified as most influential on motivation and inhibitory patients and specialist physicians’ to use of health information technology to manage and treat hypertension. Conclusion Utilizing technologies for hypertension, its management can be improved by identifying motivating and inhibiting factors. Our approach can improve the acceptability of these technologies, save costs, reduce long-term complications of hypertension, and improve patient quality of life

Study Skills and Factors Influencing it among Health Sciences Students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Studies show that in addition to intelligence and emotional characteristics of learners as well as quality of education, study skills and strategies play an important role in learners’ academic achievement especially for university students. The aim of this study was to investigate study skills and factors influencing it among health sciences students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 340 health sciences students were selected using census. Data was collected via Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire of Counseling Center of Houston University (SSAQ-CCHU). After the questionnaire was translated and its reliability and validity was confirmed, it was used to assess students’ study skills. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Mean score and standard deviation of study skill scores were 172.5±23.2 out of 240 among students under investigation. Study skills were reported to be weak among 5(1.2%), moderate in 295(86.8%) and good among 40(12%) students. Among different areas of study skills, the highest scores respectively belonged to time management, concentration, and memory that were considered to be in the good level, and other areas were put in subsequent levels. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between study skills scores with students' family accommodation status (p=0.02, t=2.15) and their academic level (p=0.03, t=1.47). Conclusion: Although study skills for majority of participants showed a moderate level, but it was far behind good/desirable level. Therefore, improvement and promotion of study skills among university students require for designation and implementation of educational programs regarding study strategies and to be considered by academic institutes and education centers