Fusarium Spp. In Tropical Asia: Their Taxonomy, Pathogenic, Genetic And Molecular Aspects

Fusarium is one of the most interesting genera of pathogenic And toxigenic fungi widely distributed all over the world, including Southeast Asia

Genetic variability amongst Fusarium spp. in the section Liseola from bakanae-infected rice in Malaysia and Indonesia by RAPD analysis.

RAPD was used to assess genetic relatedness amongst 59 strains of Fusarium spp. in the section Liseola obtained from rice plants showing bakanae symptoms from different major granary areas in Malaysia and Indonesia, as well as 14 strains of standard testers from U.S.A. RAPD analysis using 10 nucleotides with 60 – 70% G+C contents primers i.e. OPA-02 (5’-tgc-cga-gct-g-3’), OPA-04 (5’-aat-cgg-gct-g-3), OPA-09 (5’-ggg-taa-cgc-c-3’), OPA-17 (5’-gac-cgc-ttg-t-3’), OPT-11 (5’-ttc-ccc-gcg-a-3’), OPT-18 (5’-gat-gcc-aga-c-3’), OPU-06 (5’-acc-ttt-gcg-g-3’), OPU-16 (5’-cgt-cgc-tgg-a-3’), OPV-06 (5’-acg-ccc-agg-t-3’) and OPV-16 (5’-aca-ccc-cac-a-3’) showed variations on DNA profiles between the species, indicating the species were genetically heterogeneous. Dendograms from cluster analysis based on UPGMA showed that the six species of Fusariumwere clustered separately

Secondary metabolite profiles and mating population of Fusarium species in section Liseola associated with bakanae disease of rice

A total of 25 strains of Fusarium species that belong to F. fujikuroi (a pathogen of bakanae disease), F. proliferatum, F.sacchari, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides were isolated from rice plants showing typical bakanae symptoms in Malaysia and Indonesia and screened for their secondary metabolites. The objectives of the studies were to determine the physiological variability based on production of moniliformin (MON), fumonisin (FB1), gibberellic acid (GA3) and fusaric acid(FA) as well as to ascertain the mating populations (MPs) within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex based on their ability to produce perithecia and viable ascospores. Production of GA3 could be used to separate F. fujikuroi that belongs to MP-C from other species. In crosses with seven standard testers of MPs, 76% of strains could be assigned to at least one of the G. fujikuroi species complex namely MP-A (G.moniliformis), MP-B (G. sacchari), MP-C (G. fujikuroi) and MP-D (G.intermedia). Single strain (M3237P) that was assigned as MP-C, and has also been identified morphologically as F. fujikuroi was also crossed-fertile with MP-D tester. The secondary metabolites profiles and the presence of MP-A, MP-B, MP-C and MP-D strains on samples of bakanae-infected rice plants are new records in Malaysia

Diversity and morphological characteristics of Aspergillus species and Fusarium species isolated from cornmeal in Malaysia

Corn is a vital food component that serves as a nutritional diet element for human and feedstuff for livestock. Despite its vast importance, corn frequently faces contamination problem caused by a range of microbes especially fungi. For the purpose of this study, cornmeal samples were collected from nine states in Malaysia, and were cultured onto Peptone Pentachloronitrobenzene Agar (PPA) to isolate the fungi. Single spore isolation was done on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) to obtain the pure culture. A total of 314 isolates of microscopic fungi were obtained, 284 isolates belonging to the Aspergillus species, namely A. flavus (241), A. niger (24), A. nidulans (14) and A. fumigatus (5). Another 30 isolates were Fusarium species, identified as F. verticillioides (14), F. semitectum (10) and F. proliferatum (6). The diversity of the fungi was determined by using Shannon-Weiner Index. The diversity index indicated that A. flavus was the most abundant, recorded as 0.203

Benefits of green building from client's perspective / Norazlin Mat Salleh ... [et al.]

Sustainable development has been highlighted in the 11th Malaysia Plan, 2016-2020 to make sure all development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. An example is the development of green building refers to both a structure and the use of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. Therefore, this paper presents the benefits of green building from the client’s perspective. All variables have been identified from available literature and from that a set of questionnaire was built and sent to 32 clients around Selangor. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Mean. The research shows that limiting the building impact on the environment during the building’s lifecycle and protecting occupants’ health are the first and second ranking. This paper will be useful and inspirational to other clients to develop more green buildings due to their many benefits

Variability of Fusarium species associated with bakanae disease of rice based on virulence, vegetative and biological compatibility

Bakanae is one of the most important diseases of rice in Southeast Asia. Variability of 212 strains of Fusarium associated with the disease in Malaysia and Indonesia were examined. Most of the strains (59.0%) were classified into five Fusarium species in section Liseola i.e. F. fujikuroi (the most frequent, 37.3%), followed by F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari and F. subglutinans. Pathogenicity tests on a susceptible rice seedlings variety MR 211 confirmed that only isolates identified as F. fujikuroi were pathogenic and able to produce typical bakanae symptoms. Results on vegetative compatibility tests indicated that there was a substantial genetic diversity within the five species. Several isolates (2.4%) were classified as heterokaryon self-incompatible (HSI) based on their inability to form a heterokaryon. In crosses with seven standard testers of mating populations (MP-A to MP-G), 69.3% of the strains were assigned to five Gibberella fujikuroi species complex i.e. MP-A, MP-B, MP-C, MP-D and MP-E based on their ability to produce viable ascospores. The isolates of F. fujikuroi belong to MP-C. The present data provide baseline information for Fusarium species associated with bakanae disease of rice in Malaysia and Indonesia as well as for the genotypes involved in causing the disease on rice in this region