Fosfoproteínas en mucus como una medida indirecta de disrupción endocrina en peces nativos dulceacuícolas de pequeño tamaño, expuestos a efluentes de plantas de tratamientos de aguas domésticas y de celulosa

Environmental monitoring programs commonly use fish to study the health of aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, lethal sampling techniques are often employed, resulting in ethical considerations. This issue is magnified in Chilean rivers, which contain various endemic fish with conservational concern, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species™. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if mucosal vitellogenin levels in a native Chilean fish could be used to accurately assess the endocrine disruption potentials of wastewater treatment plant and pulp and paper mill effluents (WWTPEs and PPMEs, respectively). For this, Carmelita de Concepción (Percilia irwini) specimens were exposed WWTPEs and PPEs for 12 days, and mucosal vitellogenin-like phosphoprotein concentrations were determined with a colorimetric assay. Increased VTG-like phosphoproteins and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase induction levels (widely used as biomarker for exposure) were detected in effluent-exposed individuals. This study supports the endocrine disruption potentials of WWTPEs and PPEs in P. irwini. Notably, this is the first study to use non- lethal biomarkers to determine the effects of industrial effluents in a native Chilean freshwater species, thus presenting an alternative vitellogenin-like protein detection method. Nevertheless, additional population and toxicity studies of fish native to Chilean rivers are needed. Further investigation is also required on xeno-oestrogen compounds and on methods for mitigating potential effects on biodiversity.Los programas de monitoreo ambiental comúnmente usan peces para estudiar la salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Sin embargo, a menudo se emplean técnicas de muestreo letal, lo que resulta en consideraciones éticas. Este es mayor en ríos chilenos, donde habitan peces endémicos en alguna categoría de conservación preocupante, según la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la NaturalezaTM. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si los niveles de vitelogenina en mucus externo de peces nativos podrían usarse para evaluar el potencial de disrupción endocrina de efluentes de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales y de las plantas de celulosa y papel (WWTPE y PPME, respectivamente). Para esto, ejemplares de Carmelita de Concepción (Percilia irwini) se expusieron a WWTPE y PPE durante 12 días, y se determinaron las concentraciones de fosfoproteínas de tipo vitelogenina (VTG) el mucus mediante un ensayo colorimétrico. Se evidenció un aumento de fosfoproteínas tipo VTG e inducción de la etoxiresorufina-o-deetilasa hepática (biomarcador de exposición) en individuos expuestos a efluentes. Este estudio respalda el potencial de disrupción endocrina de los WWTPE y los PPE. Cabe destacar que este es el primer estudio que utiliza biomarcadores no letales para determinar los efectos de los efluentes industriales en una especie nativa de agua dulce chilena, por lo que presenta un método alternativo de detección de proteínas similares a la vitelogenina. Sin embargo, se necesitan estudios poblacionales y de toxicidad adicionales. Se requiere investigación adicional sobre los compuestos de xenoestrógenos y mitigación de los posibles efectos sobre la biodiversidad

Innovación en emprendimientos periodísticos y de comunicación frente a las nuevas tendencias digitales (Monográficos)

In the world, journalism and communication entrepreneurships have been innovating in the face of digital era. Also known as startups, these entrepreneurships reveal in general the wish to start a project, to innovate, to renew. In this article, we reflect one of the concepts that describe the entrepreneurships scenario, such as digital appropriation and mutations of work dynamics; likewise, we explore the experience of two projects: the portal of narrative journalism La Barra Espaciadora and the communication agency Orion. When studying them, we have observed common characteristics as well as specific particularities, which together reveal changes in both journalism and communication in the digital era.En el mundo, los emprendimientos de periodismo y de comunicación se han ido innovando frente a la era digital. También conocidos como startups, revelan en general la voluntad por iniciar un proyecto, por innovar, por renovar. En este artículo, reflexionamos sobre los conceptos que describen el escenario de los emprendimientos, como la apropiación digital y las mutaciones de las dinámicas de trabajo; así también, exploramos la realidad de dos emprendimientos ecuatorianos: el portal de periodismo narrativo La Barra Espaciadora y la agencia de comunicación Orion. Al estudiarlos, hemos constatado características comunes así como particularidades propias al tipo de emprendimiento, que en conjunto revelan los cambios que han venido experimentando la comunicación y el periodismo en la era digital

Aurelia : por el ojo de la aguja

Esta instalación de videopoemas es una actividad del Proyecto de Producción CePIAbierto 2018 (RHCD FA N° 104/2018) “¿Cuánto falta para que volvamos a casa? Es un acercamiento a la vida de la modista Aurelia, un intento de capturar su experiencia vital mediante pequeños segmentos audiovisuales de su historia. Hacer vestidos es también hacerse de un nombre propio. Dentro del ciclo Desmontaje, se propone este conversatorio en el que se abordará Aurelia (por el ojo de la aguja) desde el segmento, el archivo y el montaje como dispositivo que genera memoria y narrativa, tanto subjetiva como audiovisual. El ciclo Desmontaje busca abrir un diálogo entre invitados/as especiales, creadores/as y público para abordar las producciones radicadas en el CePIA. Se convoca a referentes de distintos campos disciplinares quienes ponen en común sus claves de lectura, propiciando una reflexión conjunta con los creadores.Esta instalación de videopoemas es una actividad del Proyecto de Producción CePIAbierto 2018 (RHCD FA N° 104/2018) “¿Cuánto falta para que volvamos a casa? En el marco de la muestra se llevó a cabo un conversatorio con artistas e invitados.Fil: Cruzeño, María Paulina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina.Fil: Bahamonde, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes; Argentina.Fil: Siragusa, Cristina Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Artes; Argentina

Photogrammetry of blue whales with an unmanned hexacopter

Author Posting. © Society for Marine Mammalogy, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of Society for Marine Mammalogy for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Mammal Science 32 (2016):1510–1515, doi:10.1111/mms.12328.Baleen whales are the largest animals ever to live on earth, and many populations were hunted close to extinction in the 20th century (Clapham et al. 1999). Their recovery is now a key international conservation goal, and they are important in marine ecosystems as massive consumers that can promote primary production through nutrient cycling (Roman et al. 2014). However, although abundance has been assessed to monitor the recovery of some large whale populations (e.g., Barlow et al. 2011, Laake et al. 2012) many populations are wide-ranging and pelagic, and this inaccessibility has generally impeded quantitative assessments of recovery (Peel et al. 2015). To augment traditional abundance monitoring, we suggest that photogrammetric measures of individual growth and body condition can also inform about population status, enabling assessment of individual health as well as population numbers. Photogrammetry from manned aircraft has used photographs taken from directly above whales to estimate individual lengths (Gilpatrick and Perryman 2008) and monitor growth trends (Fearnbach et al. 2011), and shape profiles can be measured to assess body condition to infer reproductive and nutritional status (e.g., Perryman and Lynn 2002, Miller et al. 2012). Recently, Durban et al. (2015) demonstrated the utility of an unmanned hexacopter for collecting aerial photogrammetry images of killer whales (Orcinus orca); this provided a noninvasive, cost-effective, and safe platform that could be deployed from a boat to obtain vertical images of whales. Here we describe the use of this small, unmanned aerial system (UAS) to measure length and condition of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), the largest of all whales.María Francisca Cortés Solari; Rafaela Landea Briones; MERI Foundation; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Acces

Body size data collected non-invasively from drone images indicate a morphologically distinct Chilean blue whale (Blaenoptera musculus) taxon

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Leslie, M. S., Perkins-Taylor, C. M., Durban, J. W., Moore, M. J., Miller, C. A., Chanarat, P., Bahamonde, P., Chiang, G., & Apprill, A. Body size data collected non-invasively from drone images indicate a morphologically distinct Chilean blue whale (Blaenoptera musculus) taxon. Endangered Species Research, 43, (2020): 291-304, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01066.The blue whale Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeus, 1758) was the target of intense commercial whaling in the 20th century, and current populations remain drastically below pre-whaling abundances. Reducing uncertainty in subspecific taxonomy would enable targeted conservation strategies for the recovery of unique intraspecific diversity. Currently, there are 2 named blue whale subspecies in the temperate to polar Southern Hemisphere: the Antarctic blue whale B. m. intermedia and the pygmy blue whale B. m. brevicauda. These subspecies have distinct morphologies, genetics, and acoustics. In 2019, the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy agreed that evidence supports a third (and presently unnamed) subspecies of Southern Hemisphere blue whale subspecies, the Chilean blue whale. Whaling data indicate that the Chilean blue whale is intermediate in body length between pygmy and Antarctic blue whales. We collected body size data from blue whales in the Gulfo Corcovado, Chile, during the austral summers of 2015 and 2017 using aerial photogrammetry from a remotely controlled drone to test the hypothesis that the Chilean blue whale is morphologically distinct from other Southern Hemisphere blue whale subspecies. We found the Chilean whale to be morphologically intermediate in both overall body length and relative tail length, thereby joining other diverse data in supporting the Chilean blue whale as a unique subspecific taxon. Additional photogrammetry studies of Antarctic, pygmy, and Chilean blue whales will help examine unique morphological variation within this species of conservation concern. To our knowledge, this is the first non-invasive small drone study to test a hypothesis for systematic biology.We are thankful to Foundation MERI (Melimoyu Ecosystem Research Institute) for logistical and funding support. Cruise support in 2017 was provided by the Dalio Foundation (now ‘OceanX’)

'Werner Buttner's Collages: From A to T (and Back Again)'

Contribution to a monograph on noted German collagist and painter Werner Buttner at Marlborough Contemporary Gallery, London

Diel differences in blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) dive behavior increase nighttime risk of ship strikes in northern Chilean Patagonia

The data analysis and paper writing was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant number 2016YFC0300802); the biodiversity investigation, observation and assessment program (2019‐2023) of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China; and Indian Ocean Ninety‐east Ridge Ecosystem and Marine Environment Monitoring and Protection, supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (no. DY135‐E2‐4). Additionally, FC thanks the President's International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). From 2014 to 2019, during 6 separate research cruises, the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio‐logging tags (DTAGs), generating ≈190 h of data. Whales dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime (day: 32.6 ± 18.7 m; night: 6.2 ± 2.7 m; P < 0.01). During the night, most time was spent close to the surface (86% ± 9.4%; P < 0.01) and at depths of less than 12 m. From 2016 to 2019, active acoustics (scientific echosounders) were used to record prey (euphausiids) density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving data. Tagged whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the day. The association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also ≈12 m. In recent decades, northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship industry. Vessel strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this region. Results reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Estrogenicity and intersex in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Pine/Eucalyptus pulp and paper production effluent in Chile

Pulp and paper mill effluents (PPMEs) have been shown to increase gonad size, cause early maturation, and disrupt hormone functions in native and non-native Chilean fish. In this study, we assessed reproductive (plasma vitellogenin; VTG, gonad development) and metabolic (ethoxyresorufin-. O-deethylase activity; EROD) end points, relative liver size (LSI) and condition factor (K) of juvenile female and male rainbow trout exposed to effluents. Unlike previous studies, which have focus either on the specific effects of effluent on fish in laboratory exposures or biotic population statuses downstream of discharge sites, we simultaneously assessed the impacts of PPMES on trout using two approaches: (1) laboratory exposures of tertiary treated PPME produced from processing Eucalyptus globulus or Pinus radiata; and (2) in situ bioassay downstream of the combined discharge of the same pulp mill. Despite an increase in the average gonadosomatic index (GSI) in exposed fish, no statistical differences in gonad size between exposed and unexposed individuals was detected. However, both female and male fish exposed to effluents showed significantly higher concentrations of plasma VTG, so more in fish exposed to Eucalyptus-based effluent when compared to Pinus PPME. In addition, male fish showed intersex characteristics in all exposure assays (Eucaliptus and Pinus) and, despite the low concentration of effluent in the river (<1% [v/v]), similar responses were observed in the caged fish. Finally, EROD activity was induced in both in situ exposures and laboratory assays at the higher PPME concentration (60-85% PPME). This study confirms estrogenic effects in Chilean fish exposed to PPME and the necessity for biological effects monitoring in addition to the assessment of physical-chemical endpoints as required in current government regulations.Fil: Chiang, Gustavo. University of New Brunswick; CanadáFil: Barra, Ricardo. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Diaz Jaramillo, Mauricio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Rivas, Meyling. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Bahamonde, Paulina. University of New Brunswick; CanadáFil: Munkittrick, Kelly R.. University of New Brunswick; Canad