Knowledge, Practice and Barriers of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Diabetic Patients in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2017

Background: In 2013, globally, there were an estimated 382 million people living with diabetes. In 2005 worldwide 3 %–10 % of people with diabetes have a diabetic foot ulcer. Ethiopian diabetic patient’s foot ulcer is main health problem. Diabetic Foot ulcer associated with sepsis results in 12% of death. Understanding of the important factors of diabetic foot ulcer in diabetics’ patients will enable high-risk patients to be recognized early.Objectives: To determine knowledge, practice and barriers of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern EthiopiaMethods: Researcher conducted a  hospital based cross sectional study among diabetic patients who were followed-up in HCSH  from April to May, 2017 GCA.A total of 139  diabetic patients were  included  in  the  study.  Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected through interview method.  Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.00.Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with diabetic patients. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI were computed to measure the associations between the outcome variable. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant result.Results: Out of 139 diabetic patients, 27.3% and46.8% diabetic patients have good knowledge and practice of diabetic foot ulcer care respectively. The mean score knowledge and practice was 7.1±4.63 and 8.77± 2.27.  Practice of diabetic foot ulcer was significantly associated with being female  [AOR=0.42;  95%  CI:  0.21,  0.86],  not  using  moisturizer  for  diabetic  foot  ulcer  care [AOR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.20,  0.85], hearing  about diabetic foot ulcer care [AOR=36.99; 95% CI: 4.58, 6.95], and age of patients >=61 years [AOR=3.94; 95% CI: .25, 2.38] Conclusion and recommendation: Significant proportion of diabetic patients has good knowledge about diabetic foot ulcer care.  Nearly half of diabetic patients have good practice of diabetic foot ulcer care. Gender and use moisturizer were identified factors with practice of diabetic foot ulcer care. So, more effort should be put into creating awareness about diabetic foot ulcer. Emphasis also needs to be given for diabetic patients< 61 years old Keywords: diabetic patients, diabetic foot ulcer, knowledge, practice, and barrier

Knowledge, Practice and Barriers of Diabetic Foot Ulcer among Diabetic Patients in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2017

Background: In 2013, globally, there are an estimated 382 million people living with diabetes. In 2005 worldwide 3 %–10 % of people with diabetes have a diabetic foot ulcer. Ethiopian diabetic patient’s foot ulcer is main health problem. Diabetic Foot ulcer associated with sepsis results in 12% of death. Understanding of the important factors of diabetic foot ulcer in diabetics’ patients will enable high-risk patients to be recognized early.Objectives: To determine knowledge, practice and barriers of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern EthiopiaMethods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients who have follow up in HCSH from April to May, 2017 GCA. A total of 139 diabetic patients were included in the study. The final study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected through interview method. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.00. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with diabetic patients. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI were computed to measure the associations between the outcome variable. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant result.Results: In this study 27.3% and 46.8% diabetic patients have good knowledge and practice of diabetic foot ulcer care respectively. The mean score knowledge and practice was 7.1±4.63 and 8.77± 2.27 respectively. Practice of diabetic foot ulcer was significantly associated with female diabetic patients [AOR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.86], did not use moisturizer for diabetic foot ulcer care [AOR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.85], heard about diabetic foot ulcer care [AOR=36.99; 95% CI: 4.58, 6.95], and age of diabetic patients >=61 years [AOR=3.94; 95% CI: .25, 2.38] were significant factors for knowledge of diabetic patients about diabetic foot ulcer care.Conclusion and recommendation: Significant proportion of diabetic patients has good knowledge about diabetic foot ulcer care. Just 46.8% diabetic patients have good practice of diabetic foot ulcer care. Gender and use moisturizer were significant factors with practice of diabetic foot ulcer care. So, more effort should be put into creating awareness about diabetic foot ulcer. Emphasis also needs to be given for diabetic patients in the age group between greater than or equal to 61 years. Keywords: diabetic patients, diabetic foot ulcer, knowledge, practice, and barrier Introduction

Interoperability of an 18th century Italian-Latin-Croatian dictionary

The digitization process of historical texts is increasing in the last several decades, thereby developing the field of digital humanities. However, the digitization projects are usually isolated to the project teams, universities and institutes, but also to individuals developing the project. There was a lack of communication between the community members, which resulted in resources, tools and systems that are not able to exchange information. Consequently, recently it was demonstrated that there is a demand for standardization of technologies, but also of all processes of development. Interoperability emerges as the key concept at this phase of digital humanities, which aims to facilitate communication of data. To enable semantic interoperability of historical dictionaries, they have to be encoded using some standard. In this paper we present the encoding of della Bella’s trilingual 18th century dictionary entries using a TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) encoding scheme for dictionaries. The dictionary is a trilingual dictionary containing Italian, Latin and Croatian language

Emulsion stabilisation by complexes of oppositely charged synthetic polyelectrolytes

We investigate the possibility of stabilising oil-water emulsions from the polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) obtained in mixtures of a strong cationic polyelectrolyte (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC) and a weak anionic one (poly(acrylic acid) sodium salt, PAANa). Unlike other previous work however, both polyelectrolytes (PEL) are chosen as they are completely water-soluble and possess no surface activity when present alone over nearly all the pH range. In water, the effects of PEL concentration, PEL mixing ratio and pH on the formation of PEC are studied in detail. At low pH where the anionic PEL is uncharged, complex coacervation occurs in which droplets rich in both polymers are dispersed in water. At intermediate pH, the PEC comprise a mixture of coacervate droplets and solid particles. At high pH where the anionic PEL is significantly charged, only complex coacervation is observed. On addition of dodecane followed by homogenisation, no stable emulsions arose from dispersions containing solid particle PEC due to either the large precursor particle aggregates or their inherent hydrophilicity. By contrast, oil-in-water emulsions stable to coalescence could be prepared from coacervate dispersions. We discuss the feasibility of the coacervate phase spreading at the oil-water interface in terms of the relevant spreading coefficients and compare the predictions with experiment for a range of oils. We encounter oils whose drops become engulfed by the coacervate phase as well as oils where no engulfing occurs

Capsules from Pickering emulsion templates

Following the resurgence of interest in particle-stabilised or Pickering emulsions recently, the preparation of capsules from such templates has become feasible. We review some of the recent activity in this area and focus on both the methods used to reinforce the particle shell and the applications of these novel capsules, which may be empty or liquid-filled. The methods reported include interfacial polymerisation or crystallisation, interfacial cross-linking, the use of a sacrificial template, formation of polymer layers, gelation and evaporation from multiple emulsions. Potential applications are in the areas of wastewater treatment, perfume encapsulation, drug/dye release and as self-healing coatings

PERSEPSI PEMBACA TERHADAP SURAT KABAR JURNAL ASIA MEDAN

Media massa sebagai saranan integrasi dan interaksi memiliki kemampuan yang besar untuk menyebarkan pesan-pesan. Salah satunya surat kabar Jurnal Asia yang merupakan produk yang benar-benar independent, kredibel serta bisa menjadi rekan bisnis pembaca maka harian jurnal asia mampun meraih hati pembaca dan masyarakat dengan segenap kemampuan dalam mengolah berita Harian Jurnal Asia. maka dengan Haria Jurnal Asia di Medan, yang menyajikan berita umum seputar kota Medan dan menjadi ancuan sumber informasi bagi masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi pembaca terhadap surat kabar Jurnal Asia. Penelitian di desain sebagai penelitian survei deskriptif kuantitatif, Populasi penelitian ini adalah pembaca surat Kabar Jurnal Asia yang  berada pada wilayah Kota Medan Barat 6000 eksemplar, dengan pertimbangan wilayah ini merupakan wilayah distribusi terbesar surat kabar Jurnal Asia. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan penelitian di lakukan dilapangan menggunakan kuesioner dengan lokasi penelitian ini Jalan Bilal Ujung Kmp. Ruko bilal Central No. A1,A2,B1,B2 dengan alasan bahwa surat kabar harian jurnal Asia masih cukup banyak kekurangan, Karenanya sangat membutuhkan kritik dan saran dari para pembaca, agar media ini bisa bersaing dan mampu dibanggakan dalam proses pengembangan diri dan telah cukup lama bergerak dalam bidang industry surat kabar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan hasil tabulasi yang dilakukan dengan membandingkan skor total dan kategori yang telah di buat menunjukan bahwa persepsi pembaca harian Jurnal Asia termasuk kategori “BAIK” Yaitu 4035. Atau sebesar 70% dari 100% persepsi pembaca yang di inginkan Jurnal Asia Medan

PV Plant Influence on Distribution Grid in Terms of Power Quality Considering Hosting Capacity of the Grid

Photovoltaic plants penetrate rapidly in distribution grid. Problems with their integration in distribution grid can exist in terms of load flow, protection settings, power quality, etc. This chapter analyzes influence of photovoltaic plants connection in distribution grid (0.4 and 10 kV voltage level) on power quality. The main focus will be on influence of photovoltaic plant connection point on distribution grid (hosting capacity—strength of the grid) in terms of power quality. Norms and regulations about influence of photovoltaic plants on distribution grid in terms of power quality will be analyzed. Influence of photovoltaic plants on distribution grid in theoretical aspects will be presented. Several case studies then will be described. Those case studies present different connection points of photovoltaic plants on distribution grid. Comparison of theoretical assumptions and real case studies will be compared. Some observations of real case studies and their impact on theoretical aspects, norms, and regulations about photovoltaic plant influence on distribution grid will be introduced

Novel stabilisation of emulsions with polyelectrolyte complexes

The concept of a novel stabiliser of oil-water emulsions has been put forward, being the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formed between oppositely charged water-soluble polymers in cases where either polymer alone is incapable of stabilising an emulsion. Four oppositely charged synthetic polyelectrolytes (strong and weak) are selected, which allowed four polymer mixtures to be studied. The behaviour of their mixtures in water is correlated with that of emulsions after addition of oil.Aqueous polymer mixtures are investigated via dynamic light scattering to determine the size of the aggregates. Moreover, various optical techniques are used to identify the type of associative phase separation (precipitation or complex coacervation) and their shape. The effects of polyelectrolyte (PEL) mixing ratio, pH, [PEL] and salt content are studied in detail. In general, PEC particles are obtained as a result of a strong electrostatic interaction while complex coacervates arise from weak interactions. Around equal mole fractions of the two polymers, the zeta potential of the aggregates reverses in sign. Spherical complexes of diameters of few hundreds nanometres are obtained at low polyelectrolyte concentration. However, by increasing the initial [PEL], primary particles aggregate. Aggregated PEC particles have an irregular shape while coacervate droplets, which contain high amounts of water, are spherical and have no special internal structure, as observed from TEM images. Under specific conditions, coacervate droplets completely coalesce giving rise to the formation of the so-called coacervate phase. The effect of increasing the salt concentration is comparable in both PEC precipitates and coacervates and causes an initial destabilisation of the aqueous dispersion due to complex aggregation, followed by dissolution of the electrostatic complex at high salt concentrations.For the emulsion study, the same parameters as for aqueous PEC dispersions are evaluated, as well as the oil volume fraction (ϕo). The complete study is carried out with dodecane despite oils of different chemistry and polarity have also been considered throughout this thesis. The most stable emulsions to both creaming and coalescence are prepared with aqueous PEC dispersions containing complexes of almost neutral charge. By increasing the polyelectrolyte concentration, emulsions become more stable. However, at high [PEL], aggregation levels are relatively high and emulsion stability is slightly worse as big particles can easily be dislodged from the oil-water interface compared to smaller ones. From cryo-SEM images, close-packed particle layers are detected at drop interfaces as well as particle aggregation in the continuous phase. By increasing the oil volume fraction in the emulsion, the droplet diameter increases constantly up until a point where oil droplets appear to be deformed and the viscosity of the emulsion increases substantially. This suggests the formation of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), which is rare in particle-stabilised systems, where catastrophic phase inversion is the usual outcome. Taking advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence of the used PEL, confocal microscopy turns out to be a useful technique to visualise where PEC particles are placed upon homogenisation. At high oil volume fractions, particles are only detected around oil droplets, whereas at low oil volume fractions, excess particles remain at the continuous aqueous phase providing extra stability against coalescence. As for aqueous PEC dispersions, the concentration of salt has a remarkable effect on emulsion stability. For emulsions stabilised with PEC particles, by increasing the aggregation level, emulsions become completely unstable. However, at a relatively high salt content, emulsions re-stabilise due to adsorption of uncharged individual polymer molecules. Emulsions with coacervate droplets can be prepared by the addition of oil stepwise and multiple homogenisation steps. However, unlike PEC particles, the system is sensible to the oil type. The feasibility of the coacervate phase to spread at the oil-water interface is discussed in terms of the relevant spreading coefficients and predictions are compared with experiments for a range of oils. We encounter oils whose drops become engulfed by the coacervate phase as well as oils where no engulfing occurs.Therefore, from the findings obtained from four different polyelectrolyte combinations, we can claim that emulsion stability is given by the presence of PEC at the oil-water interface as individual PEL are not surface-active on their own. Despite this work being a complete starting point for the basic understanding of emulsions stabilised by mixtures of oppositely charged polymers, we are not yet in a position to predict definite rules of behaviour in both aqueous PEC dispersions and emulsions containing them. Further investigation of other polyelectrolyte combinations is required to develop a better understanding of this area