Theories of modern state: war and crystallization

У статті реконструюються сучасні теоретичні здобутки в концептуалізації модерної держави. Виокремлюються особливості модерної держави в результаті аналізу теорій М. Манна та Ч. Тіллі. Розглядаються актуальні проблеми державотворення в контексті ведення війни та використання ресурсів соціальної влади.The article reconstructs the modern theoretical advances in the conceptualizing modern state. Distinguishes features of the modern state in the analysis of theories M. Mann and Ch. Tilly. The actual problem in the context of the state of war and the use of resources of social power.В статье реконструируются современные теоретические достижения в концептуализации модерного государства. Выделяются особенности модерного государства в результате анализа теорий М. Манна и Ч. Тилли. Рассматриваются актуальные проблемы государства в контексте ведения войны и использования ресурсов социальной власти

New felling ages for the forests of the Republic of Belarus

Current ages of felling in the forests of Belarus were established in 2001. In production forests they make up 81 years and more for coniferous stands, 101 years or more for hardwood, 61 years or more for birch trees, 51 years and more for black alder –, aspen – 41 years and more. The current age of logging does not correspond to high-grade assortments for coniferous and alder stands. In Belarus, due to the improvement of the structure of forests over the past 25–30 years, adequate conditions have been created for improving the methods for determining cutting ages and a certain increase in ages and turnovers. Changing the harvesting ages requires the formation of a new regulatory framework in connection with the adoption of a new Forest Code. Recently, new cutting ages for the forests of the Republic of Belarus have been developed and adopted. They are formed on the basis of quantitative and technical ripeness of the forest, taking into account ecological requirements. New logging ages for conifers (pine and spruce) of the II grade and below have been increased by 10 years; for ash, the logging ages are reduced; for black alder the ages was raised by 10 years. The adopted changes are not supposed to induce marked increase in the size of the calculated cutting area, and the output of commercial timber at the plantations of pine, spruce (site productivity grade II and below) and black alder will not rise substantially in the near future. The alignment of the age structure of tree stands due to new cutting rules is expected to produce the effect no earlier than 2050–2060

New standards for forest inventory and commodification of forest-cutting fund in the Republic of Belarus

Since 2013, new assortment tables have been adopted in the Republic of Belarus, and since 2015 new growth tables for pine, spruce, birch and aspen. Growth tables were compiled based on 1353 trial plots, where 2546 model trees were taken. New growth tables shows bigger values of forest inventory indicators comparing to modern normative tables: by average diameter, up to 20–30 % in young growth and 6–10 % at older age. The sums of cross-sectional areas and reserves at equal heights in new tables overestimate for pine and spruce for young and middle-aged stands by 6–10 %, and in older ages to 5 %. As a result, the relative abundances of pine and spruce forest stands at the age of 20 to 50 will decrease by approximately 10 %. This will lead to the fact that pine and spruce stands at the age of thinning, having a density of 0.8, will be protected as having a fullness of 0.7, which, in accordance with the rules of cutting the forest in Belarus, will lead to a reduction in thinning in pure stands. 5135 model trees were used for the development of assortment tables. In general, for all tree species, new table tables show a greater yield of commercial timber and valuable assortments comparing to the tables of F. P. Moiseenko by 3–7 %. The amount of large-scale commercial timber is lower according to the new tables than in the old ones. This is due to the decrease in the last 50 years of large trees in the main felling areas

Increasing of receiver sensitiveness of signal intelligence station by means of using of aerials with signal processing

У роботі розглядається можливість підвищення чутливості приймача станції радіотехнічної розвідки з використанням антенних систем з обробкою сигналів. Передбачається робота станції в складній сигнальній обстановці, де не інформативні сигнали діють по бічним пелюсткам діаграми спрямованості антени тим самим знижуючи відношення сигнал/шум на вході приймача. Дію неінформативних сигналів можливо компенсувати формуючи провали діаграми спрямованості у напрямку їх приходу, за рахунок чого відношення сигнал/шум на вході приймача буде вище ніж на виході звичайної антени.В работе рассмотрена возможность увеличения чувствительность приемника станции радиотехнической разведки с использованием антенных систем с обработкой сигналов. Ожидается работа станций в сложной сигнальной обстановке, где не информативные сигналы воздействуют по боковым лепесткам диаграммы направленности антенны, чем снижают отношение сигнал/шум на входе приемника. Действие не информативных сигналов возможно скомпенсировать управляемыми провалами в диаграмме направленности антенны в направлении их прихода, за счет чего отношение сигнал/шум на входе приемника будет выше чем при использовании обычной антенны.The article examines possibilities of increasing of receiver sensitiveness of signal intelligence station by means of using of aerials with signal processing. It researches operation of SIGINT stations in complex signal environment, where undesired (spurious) signals influence on lateral directional lobes and reduce a ratio signal oise on the entrance of receiver. It proposes to set off the effect of spurious signals by means of controlled dips in the antenna diagram in direction of their arrival, as result the ratio signal oise on the entrance of receiver will be higher than with use of conventional aerial

Direct white light phosphor based on metallorganic coordination extended networks for UV-light-emitting diodes

10.1149/1.2898188Journal of the Electrochemical Society1556P71-P73JESO

MXene nanoflakes decorating ZnO tetrapods for enhanced performance of skin-attachable stretchable enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor

International audienceContinuous painless glucose monitoring is the greatest desire of more than 422 million diabetics worldwide. Therefore, new non-invasive and convenient approaches to glucose monitoring are more in demand than other tests for microanalytical diagnostic tools. Besides, blood glucose detection can be replaced by continuous glucose monitoring of other human biological fluids (e.g. sweat) collected non-invasively. In this study, a skin-attachable and stretchable electrochemical enzymatic sensor based on ZnO tetrapods (TPs) and a new class of 2D materials - transition metal carbides, known as MXene, was developed and their electroanalytical behavior was tailored for continuous detection glucose in sweat. The high specific area of ZnO TPs and superior electrical conductivity of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanoflakes enabled to produce enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor with enhanced sensitivity in sweat sample (29 μA mM−1 cm−2), low limit of detection (LOD ≈ 17 μM), broad linear detection range (LDR = 0.05–0.7 mM) that satisfices glucose detection application in human sweat, and advanced mechanical stability (up to 30% stretching) of the template. The developed skin-attachable stretchable electrochemical electrodes allowed to monitor the level of glucose in sweat while sugar uptake and during physical activity. Continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose in sweat obtained during 60 min correlated well with data collected by a conventional amperometric blood glucometer in vitro mode. Our findings demonstrate the high potential of developed ZnO/MXene skin-attachable stretchable sensors for biomedical applications on a daily basis