Effect of manual lymph drainage massage on hand edema and shoulder pain in hemiplegic-paretic patients post stroke

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: درد شانه و ادم دست ناشی از همی‏پلژی یا همی‏پارزی یک یافته شایع پس از سکته مغزی می باشند که استقلال بیمار را در انجام فعالیت روزمره بشدت محدود می نماید. پژوهش حاضر به منظور تعیین تأثیر تکنیک ماساژ تخلیه لنف (Manual lymph drainage)بر میزان ادم دست و درد شانه بیماران مبتلا به همی‏پارزی-همی‏پلژی اندام فوقانی پس از سکته مغزی انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی، تعداد 62 بیمار 70-35 ساله مبتلا به همی پارزی - همی پلژی اندام فوقانی در اثر سکته مغزی که دچار درد شانه یا ادم دست بودند، انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در گروه آزمون و شاهد قرار داده شدند. سپس برای هر یک از نمونه‏های گروه آزمون 5 جلسه ماساژ تخلیه لنف (هر روز یک جلسه و بمدت 20 دقیقه) انجام شد. وضعیت حسی، عاطفی، شدت درد و همچنین ارزیابی کلی درد شانه و همچنین اندازه دور مچ دست و قسمت میانی بازو با استفاده از پرسشنامه سنجش درد مگ گیل (MPQ-SF= McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form) و خط کش نواری، قبل و 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه ماساژ در هر دو گروه آزمون و شاهد اندازه‏گیری و در بین دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها توسط آزمون های آماری توصیفی و تحلیلی (t مستقل، t زوجی، کای دو، آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه و ضریب همبستگی) صورت گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین شاخص حسی درد شانه گروه آزمون قبل از ماساژ 9/0±3/2 و پس از ماساژ 4/0±3/1 محاسبه گردید (05/0

The prevalence and the risk factors associated with tranquilizer abuse in the population with the age of over 18 years in Iran

BACKGROUND: Non-medical use of prescription drugs is a growing global health concern. The real scale of the problem is unknown. Statistics indicate that taking painkillers and sedatives leads to dependency and addiction to the drugs administered. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of drug abuse for causing lethargy and sedation in the population with the age of over 18 years in Sanandaj City, Iran.METHODS: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in year 2015. The sample size was 1750 people, and cluster sampling method was performed from all health care centers in Sanandaj City. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire to assess intractable consumption and tranquilizer drug abuse, and addiction to these medications. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to identify socio-demographic and risk behavior correlated with abuse tranquilizer or sedative drugs.RESULTS: 80% of the participants had intractable consumption, and 18% of those with intractable consumption had dependency to these drugs (having two symptoms of withdrawal and denial of medications according to DSM-IV). The factors affecting consumption and drug abuse can be arbitrary, job, availability of pharmaceuticals, insurance, family history of addiction, marital status, physical or mental illness, and conflict in the family.CONCLUSION: Dependency to lethargy-inducing drugs and tranquilizers was high in the study population. So, planning to make people aware of the consequences of taking drugs, especially tranquilizers and lethargy-inducing drugs, is very important

Cryptanalysis of Reduced round SKINNY Block Cipher

SKINNY is a family of lightweight tweakable block ciphers designed to have the smallest hardware footprint. In this paper, we present zero-correlation linear approximations and the related-tweakey impossible differential characteristics for different versions of SKINNY .We utilize Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to search all zero-correlation linear distinguishers for all variants of SKINNY, where the longest distinguisher found reaches 10 rounds. Using a 9-round characteristic, we present 14 and 18-round zero correlation attacks on SKINNY-64-64 and SKINNY- 64-128, respectively. Also, for SKINNY-n-n and SKINNY-n-2n, we construct 13 and 15-round related-tweakey impossible differential characteristics, respectively. Utilizing these characteristics, we propose 23-round related-tweakey impossible differential cryptanalysis by applying the key recovery attack for SKINNY-n-2n and 19-round attack for SKINNY-n-n. To the best of our knowledge, the presented zero-correlation characteristics in this paper are the first attempt to investigate the security of SKINNY against this attack and the results on the related-tweakey impossible differential attack are the best reported ones

Effect of Post-Discharge Telephone Follow-up on Social Dignity of Patients with Heart Failure: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Heart failure is a malignant and perilous disease as such palliative care is of great importance for patients suffering from this failure. One of the main components in offering specialized palliative care is to respect human rights and dignity. This study aimed to determine the effect of post-discharge telephone follow-up on the social dignity of heart failure patients. Methods: A randomized control trial study was used. 70 patients with heart failure referring to the cardiology ward of general Hospital were included. Patients were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the patients had telephone followed-ups concerning medication, disease symptoms, daily activities, and their diet during one-month post-discharge (once a week). Social dignity of patients before and one month after the intervention was measured using the Social Dignity Questionnaire. Results: In this study, patients were compared in experimental (aged 65±10.6 years) and control (aged 67±13.3 years) groups. According to the statistical tests, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of social dignity in the experimental and control groups (0.8±0.2 and 0.06±0.2) before and after the intervention (Pvalue<0.001). Conclusions: Use of programmed post-discharge telephone follow-up to enhance social dignity of patients with heart failure, is suggested. Keywords: Telephone follow-up, Dignity, Dignity in care, Social dignity, Heart failure, Nursing. &nbsp

Seasonal heavy metal monitoring of water, sediment and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Aras Dam Lake of Iran

Heavy metal in aquatic ecosystems are monitored by measuring their concentrations in water, sediments and biota. In the presented study, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc concentrations determined in water, sediment and tissues (liver and muscle) of Cyprinus carpio in Aras dam Lake of Iran, during spring, summer, autumn, and winter from 2016 to 2017. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni of samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The concentration of Hg was analyzed using Atomic Absorption equipped with MHS 15 CVAAS. The trend in the metal mean concentrations of liver and muscle was Zn>Cu>Pb≈Ni>Cd>Hg, and water and sediment were Cu>Zn>Pb>Cd≈Ni>Hg. Heavy metals concentration was more in sediment than fish tissues and water. This results revealed that heavy metals accumulation of muscle was the highest in summer showing the most contaminated season. Whereas, winter had the lowest contamination in water (Cd،Hg, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn), sediments (Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni), and the liver and muscle of fish (Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu). The amount of heavy metals was less or slightly higher than global standards (EPA, WHO).

The prevalence and the risk factors associated with tranquilizer abuse in the population with the age of over 18 years in Iran

BACKGROUND: Non-medical use of prescription drugs is a growing global health concern. The real scale of the problem is unknown. Statistics indicate that taking painkillers and sedatives leads to dependency and addiction to the drugs administered. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of drug abuse for causing lethargy and sedation in the population with the age of over 18 years in Sanandaj City, Iran. METHODS: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in year 2015. The sample size was 1750 people, and cluster sampling method was performed from all health care centers in Sanandaj City. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire to assess intractable consumption and tranquilizer drug abuse, and addiction to these medications. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to identify sociodemographic and risk behavior correlated with abuse tranquilizer or sedative drugs. RESULTS: 80% of the participants had intractable consumption, and 18% of those with intractable consumption had dependency to these drugs (having two symptoms of withdrawal and denial of medications according to DSM-IV). The factors affecting consumption and drug abuse can be arbitrary, job, availability of pharmaceuticals, insurance, family history of addiction, marital status, physical or mental illness, and conflict in the family. CONCLUSION: Dependency to lethargy-inducing drugs and tranquilizers was high in the study population. So, planning to make people aware of the consequences of taking drugs, especially tranquilizers and lethargy-inducing drugs, is very important

Amelioration of amyloid beta (Aβ1-40) neurotoxicity by administration of silibinin; a behavioral and biochemical assessment

Objective(s): Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death in the world. Currently, treatment mostly used to slow down the disease progression. Herbal remedies are considered by many in the community as a natural and safe treatment with fewer side effects. Silibinin, the active ingredient of Silybum marionum, has anti-oxidant, neurotrophic and neuroprotective characteristics. Therefore, here, the effect of different doses of Silibinin extract on oxidative stress and expression of neurotrophic factors was investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, lesion; Aβ1-40 injection, lesion-treatment; Aβ1-40 injection followed by different doses of silibinin (50, 100, 200 mg / kg) through gavage and lesion-vehicle group; Aβ1-40 injection + vehicle of silibinin. Morris water Maze (MWM) was done 28 days after the last treatment. Hippocampal tissue was removed for biochemical analysis. Production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of BDNF/VEGF and cell viability were measured using Griess, fluorimetry, Western blotting and MTT techniques.  Results: Different concentrations of silibinin improved behavioral performance in animals. Higher doses of Silibinin could improve memory and learning function through MWM. Also, increasing the concentration of silibinin resulted in decreased ROS and NO production in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Consequently, silibinin may act as a potential candidate for alleviating symptoms of AD

Psychometric evaluation of Persian version of Diabetes Acceptance Scale (DAS)

Background: Acceptance of diabetes is a psychological adaptation to the potential limitations of the disease. Poor acceptance of diabetes impairs efective self-management of diabetes, leading to worsening metabolic control. This study aimed at determining the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Diabetes Acceptance Scale. Methods: This cross-sectional methodological study was performed on diabetic patients in Iran in 2021. The ques tionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and Diabetes Acceptance Scale. The questionnaire was translated into Persian through the forward–backward translation method. The face validity and content validity were performed qualitatively and quantitatively. Exploratory (n=200) and confrmatory (n=200) factor analysis were performed to evaluate the validity of the structure. Internal consistency and temporal stability were estimated to determine reliability. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on the polychoric correlation matrix obtained three factors: Rational dealing, Resentment and Avoidance, which explained 68.8% of the total DAS variance. Confrmatory factor analysis showed that the 3-fractor model had a good ft to a second independent data set. Finally, Ordinal Cronbach’s alpha coefcient was 0.96, 0.94 and 0.93, respectively for the Rational dealing, Resentment, and Avoidance factor. Also, using intraclass correlation coefcient, the stability of the instrument was 0.97. Conclusion: Based on the fndings of this study, the Persian version of DAS has sufcient validity and reliability to measure the admission of Iranian diabetic patientsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison of temporal and spatial patterns of water quality parameters in Anzali Wetland (southwest of the Caspian Sea) using Support vector machine model

Urgent is growing to have reliable information from the country's water resources. In recent years, data mining models such as artificial neural network (ANN), gene expression programming, Bayesian network, machine algorithms, such as a support vector machine (SVM), and Random Forest have found widespread use in the field of simulation and prediction of components in aquatic ecosystems. Variables vary greatly on water quality parameters (due to nonlinear and complex relationships). Therefore, conventional methods are not eligible to solve water resource quality management problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of simulating the spatial and temporal alterations in water quality parameters during the period 1985-2014 in Anzali Wetland using a SVM model. Based on principal components analysis (PCA), the parameters EC, TDS, pH and BOD5 were selected for analysis in this study. Spearman correlation was calculated to determine the inputs of the model and the correlation coefficient(CC) between the water quality parameters. According to the results of the correlation table analysis, 8 types of structures including different inputs were used to predict the parameters with machine vector. In the next stage, 70% of the data were used to train, while the rest were used for analyzing the models. Criteria for determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used for evaluation and model performance. The results revealed that in verification stage among different used models, the pH had the highest accuracy (0.95), while the lowest RMSE (0.20). Trend of alterations for optimal model of each parameter on a time scale, indicated an adequate estimation at most points. In general, the results exhibited the appropriate accuracy and acceptable performance of the SVM model in simulating water parameters

Methodology of Isfahan Tobacco Use Prevention Program: First Phase

Background. Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable death. The majority of smokers begin using tobacco products at teen ages. The aims of this study were providing a methodology of Isfahan Tobacco Use Prevention Program and investigating the prevalence of tobacco use and its related factors. Method. It was a cross-sectional study among guidance and high school students in Isfahan province. Initiation, social, psychological (depression and self-efficacy), family, and attitudinal and belief factors and school policy toward smoking (cigarettes and water-pipe) were investigated. Saliva qutinin was given from 5% of participants for determination of accuracy of responses. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used for gathering all data. Results. Of all 5500 questionnaires distributed, about 5408 completed questionnaires were returned (with response rate of 98.3%). Of all participants, 2702 (50.0%) were girls and 2706 (50.0%) were boys. Respectively, 4811 (89.0%) and 597 (11.0%) were from urban and rural. Of all participants, 2445 (45.2%) were guidance school and 2962 (54.8%) were high school students. Conclusion. This study will provide a unique opportunity to study prevalence of smoking cigarettes and water-pipe (ghelyan) among guidance and high school students in Isfahan province and determine the role of initiation, social, psychological, family, and attitudinal and belief factors and school policy toward smoking