Phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence

The present paper introduces the basic concepts of luminescence via defining, classifying and enumerating the applications of various types of luminescence. Two key aspects of luminescence- fluorescence and phosphorescence - have been dealt with theoretically for monomolecular and bimolecular materials. The rate equations of these materials have been derived and discussed. The rise and decay of luminescence intensities for both monomolecular and bimolecular materials have been discussed. &nbsp

Pyometra in a Great Dane: A Clinical Case Report

A 4-year-old Great Dane was admitted with continuous sanguino-purulent vaginal discharge, distended abdomen, and cachexia. The dog was clinically diagnosed with pyometra and successfully cured by ovario-hysterectomy. This is the first case report of pyometra seen in as Great Dane in Bareilly, India

Cfd Study of Sloshing in Rectunglar Tank

Due to vehicle acceleration or deceleration, fuel inside and automotive fuel is subjected to inertial acceleration or deceleration, which causes to slosh thereby generating sloshing noise. In the premium segment of cars this noise is considered to be an irritant to passenger because of low background noise. As part As part of an ongoing research project at IIT Hyderabad, both experimental and CFD studies are be performed to understand and predict this sloshing noise. As part of my MTech thesis, two-phase, multi-dimensional and time-accurate CFD simulations were performed to simulate liquid sloshing for a rectangular tank. Commercial CFD solver STAR CCM+ was used to perform the CFD simulations. VOF multiphase model was used to track the evolution of the liquid surface for different acceleration values. Images from high speed video camera was used to validate the current CFD simulations. Parametric studies on the effect of acceleration amplitude, frequency and fill level on liquid sloshing behavior was studied

Decay of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic materials

The Present paper reports the decay of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic material poly (2,7-(9,9-bis(2-ethyl-hexyle-flourene) (PF2/6). On the basis of the rate equation for the generation , recombination and diffusion of triplet excitons expressions are derived for the decay time of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of organic materials. The lifetime of phosphorescence is comes out to be twice the decay time of delayed fluorescence. The intensity of phosphorescence depends linearly on the intensity of the laser light used for exciton , however the intensity of light depends quadritically on the intensity of the laser light used for excitation. A compression is made between the theoretical and experimental results, in which a good agreement is found. &nbsp

Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don: A natural source for health promotion and disease preventdion

Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) is a popular medicinal plant most commonly found in the sub-tropical Himalayas. It is widely used in folk medicine to treat several ailments such as asthma, cough, chronic bronchitis, ulcers, inflammation, anemia, fever, diarrhea, and ear, nose, and throat disorders. Due to its multidimensional pharmacological and therapeutic effects, it is well recognized in the ayurvedic pharmacopeia. However, the recent upsurge in M. esculenta use and demand has led to illicit harvesting by the horticultural trade and habitat loss, pushing the plant to the brink of extinction. Thus, the present review aims to provide updated information on M. esculenta botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxicity, and conservation methods, as well as also highlight prospective for future research. Particular emphasis is also given to its antioxidant potential in health promotion. In-depth literature was probed by searching several sources via online databases, texts, websites, and thesis. About 57 compounds were isolated and identified from M. esculenta, and the available reports on physicochemical parameters, nutritional and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of bioactive plant parts are portrayed in a comparative manner. Friendly holistic conservation approaches offered by plant biotechnology applications, such as micropropagation, germplasm preservation, synthetic seed production, and hairy root technologies are also discussed. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to propose the mechanistic role of crude extracts and other bioactives, and even to explore the structure–function relationship of active components.Authors are thankful to A.P. Singh, Dean RIC, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University and members of sta_ in the department of RIC, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University for support and encouragement in this work. N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020 - Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

Achanakmar -Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve: Development and traditional knowledge of Baiga

An anthropological survey was carried out in the core area of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) for the study. Three villages Sarasdol, Tilaidabara, and Chhirhatta having maximum Baiga population were selected and interviewed to compare changes in the traditional knowledge with the present time. The survey was indicated that indigenous knowledge and tradition has altered by the influence of outer culture and new technologies, which introduced in their area through various governmental schemes. Governmental schemes deteriorated the traditional knowledge of the Baiga tribe. The results of the study were shown a significant change in the age-old traditional practice of the Baiga tribe of the core zone due to the interference of the outsider and the conversational gaps between the two successive generations. The new generation was not ready to adopt their traditional knowledge as they have found the ease of life through modern culture, leads to the loss of the knowledge of traditional healing technique and identification power of various valuable plants were not passing to their next generations

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial attributes of different solvent extracts from myrica esculenta buch.-ham. ex. d. don leaves

Background: Plant diversity is a basic source of food and medicine for local Himalayan communities. The current study was designed to assess the effect of different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) on the phenolic profile, and the corresponding biological activity was studied. Methods: Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2¿-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS) assay, while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method using various bacterial and fungal strains. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that methanol acted as the most effective solvent for polyphenols extraction, as strengthened by the liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. M. esculenta methanol extract showed the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenger antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 39.29 µg/mL and 52.83 µg/mL, respectively, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts revealed minimum antioxidant potential. Methanol extract also revealed higher phenolic content, 88.94 ± 0.24 mg of equivalent gallic acid (GAE)/g), measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while the minimum content was recorded for aqueous extract (62.38 ± 0.14 GAE/g). The highest flavonoid content was observed for methanol extract, 67.44 ± 0.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) measured by an aluminum chloride colorimetric method, while the lowest content was recorded for aqueous extract (35.77 ± 0.14 QE/g). Antimicrobial activity findings also reveal that the methanol extract led to a higher inhibition zone against bacterial and fungal strains. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of various functional groups, viz. alkenes, amines, carboxylic acids, amides, esters, alcohols, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds. This FTIR analysis could serve as a basis for the authentication of M. esculenta extracts for future industrial applications. Compounds identified by LC-MS analysis were gallic acid, myricanol, myricanone, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, ß-sitosterol, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, palmitic acid, n-pentadecanol, n-octadecanol, stigmasterol, oleanolic acid, n-hexadecanol, cis-ß-caryophyllene, lupeol, and myresculoside. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanolic extract from M. esculenta leaves has strong antioxidant potential and could be a significant source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials for functional foods formulation.Authors are thankful to A.P. Singh, Dean RIC, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University and members of staff in the department of RIC, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University for support and encouragement in this work. N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020—Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

An Experimental and Multiphysics Based Numerical Study to Predict Automotive Fuel Tank Sloshing Noise

With significant decrease in the background noise in present day automobiles, liquid slosh noise from an automotive fuel tank is considered as a major irritant during acceleration and deceleration. All major international OEMs and their suppliers try to reduce sloshing noise by various design modifications in the fuel tank. However, most major activities reported in open literature are primarily based on performing various CAE and experimental studies in isolation. However, noise generation and its propagation is a multiphysics phenomenon, where fluid mechanics due to liquid sloshing affects structural behaviour of the fuel tank and its mountings which in turn affects noise generation and propagation. In the present study a multiphysics approach to noise generation has been used to predict liquid sloshing noise from a rectangular tank. Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD), Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) simulation studies have been performed in a semi-coupled manner to predict noise. VOF based multiphase model along with k-ε turbulence model was used to perform the CFD studies. Sloshing Noise generated due to fluid interaction with structural walls is simulated using Vibro-acoustic model. An integrated model is developed to predict dynamic forces and vibration displacement on tank walls due to dynamic pressure loading on tank walls. Noise radiated from tank walls is modelled by Harmonic Boundary Element Method. Experimental and numerical studies have been performed to understand the mechanics of sloshing noise generation. Images from high speed video camera and noise measurement data have been used to compare with numerical models

Sattvavajaya Chikitsa (psychotherapy) as a preventive aspect in Akalaja Jara (premature ageing)

The present condition of human health around the globe is far from satisfaction. Man is suffering from the diseases which are caused due to stress either mental or physical and premature ageing (Akalaja Jara) is one of them. There are many theory related to ageing among all of them Free Radical Theory is most acceptable, which answers most of the questions related with Psychological as well as Physical changes during ageing. Stress can be considered as a major factor for Akalaja Jara. Sattvavajaya Chikitsa is a specialized type of treatment influencing the psychological aspect of body. It can be applied in the form of Yogic practices and other mind control techniques. As mind and body are interrelated to each other, these techniques also affect physical health. It is the unique concept of Ayurveda which may be effective in improving quality of life. That is why to deal with stress and to prevent Akalaja Jara, Sattvavajaya (control of mind from unwholesome objects) could be a better approach